US5014069A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Photoconductive antenna modulator
Assignee: United States Department of the Air Force
•
Filing: 1989-09-15
•
Granted: 1991-05-07
•
Expires: 2009-09-15
Abstract
Abstract A photoconductive antenna modulator which optically modulates a radio frequency carrier signal from a dielectric waveguide antenna is disclosed. A photoconductor film is placed in proximity with the dielectric waveguide antenna such that the radio frequency carrier signal from the antenna must be conducted through the film when it is radiated into space. The carrier is then optically modulated by variably illuminating the photoconductor film with light which has wavelengths near the photoconductor film's spectral region of photoconductor sensitivity, which decreases the photoconductor film's transparency to the radio frequency carrier signal. By varying the strength of the illumination on the photoconductor film, one is able to optically modulate the radio frequency carrier signal propagated through the photoconductor.
Inventors
- 👤 Milton R. Seiler
- 👤 Kenneth J. Walcott
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 01:31
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01Q; H01Q13/00; H01Q13/20; H01Q13/24; H01Q3/00; H01Q3/26; H01Q3/2676
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 12
Claim 1
Independent Claim
205 words
A light-activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises Si, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λ c where λ c is given by: ##EQU2## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for Si and equals about 1.12 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
205 words
A light-activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises Si, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λ c where λ c is given by: ##EQU2## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for Si and equals about 1.12 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
203 words
A light-activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises Cds, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λc where λc is given by: ##EQU3## where: E g is an energy gap with is measured in electron volts for Si and equals about 2.4 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
203 words
A light-activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises Cds, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λc where λc is given by: ##EQU3## where: E g is an energy gap with is measured in electron volts for Si and equals about 2.4 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
204 words
A light-activated modulator, for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic a waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises PbSe, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λc where λc is given by: ##EQU4## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for PbSe and equals about 0.23 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
204 words
A light-activated modulator, for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic a waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises PbSe, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λc where λc is given by: ##EQU4## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for PbSe and equals about 0.23 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
204 words
A light-activated modulator, for use with a radar system, said radar having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises PbS, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λ c where λ c is given by: ##EQU5## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for PbS and equals about 0.42 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
204 words
A light-activated modulator, for use with a radar system, said radar having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises PbS, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λ c where λ c is given by: ##EQU5## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for PbS and equals about 0.42 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
205 words
A light-activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna, which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illuminations source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises Ge, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λ c where λ c is given by: ##EQU6## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for Ge and equals about 0.67 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increase in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
205 words
A light-activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna, which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is placed adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal from said illuminations source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises Ge, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λ c where λ c is given by: ##EQU6## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for Ge and equals about 0.67 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increase in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
204 words
A light activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is paced adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal form said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises CdSe, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λc where λc is given by: ##EQU7## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for CdSe and equals about 1.8 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
204 words
A light activated modulator for use with a radar system, said radar system having a radar transmitter which emits a carrier radio frequency signal, a dielectric waveguide antenna which transmits said carrier radio frequency signal, and a metallic waveguide which conducts said carrier radio frequency signal from said radar transmitter to said dielectric waveguide antenna, said light-activated modulator comprising: an illumination source which emits an optical modulating signal; and a photoconductor layer which is paced adjacent to said dielectric waveguide antenna, and which receives said optical modulating signal form said illumination source, wherein said photoconductor layer comprises CdSe, and wherein said light-activated modulator emits said optical modulating signal with variable intensities such that said optical modulating signal has a wavelength of about λc where λc is given by: ##EQU7## where: E g is an energy gap which is measured in electron volts for CdSe and equals about 1.8 electron volts, said optical modulating signal thereby decreasing said photoconductor layer's transparency to said carrier radio frequency signal as said optical modulating signal increases in intensity, said optical modulating signal allowing said photoconductor layer's transparency to increase as said optical modulating signal decreases in intensity, said light-activated modulator thereby optically modulating said carrier radio frequency signal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-05-06 | 1994-11-05 | 1995-05-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-05-06 | 1998-11-05 | 1999-05-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-05-06 | 2002-11-05 | 2003-05-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |