US5003978A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Non-polarizable dry biomedical electrode
Assignee: TECHNOLOGY 21 Inc PO BOX 61086 DURHAM NC 27705
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Filing: 1989-09-07
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Granted: 1991-04-02
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Expires: 2009-09-07
Abstract
Abstract A dry electrode for the detection of biopotentials existing on the surface of the skin of a living body, including a non-polarizable dry electrode pad having opposed adhesive surfaces, one of which is adapted to engage the skin of the living body and extend ionic charge conduction from the body to the surface of a non-polarizable electrode interface within the pad. An electrically conductive contact makes electrical and mechanical connection from the electrode pad to a wire or electronic amplifier by means of a second adhesive surface on the electrode pad. In a preferred embodiment, conductive adhesive layers are applied to opposed sides of a conductive foam pad to construct the dry electrode pad.
Inventors
- 👤 W. J. Dunseath, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 14:09
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/41; A61B5/411; A61B5/24; A61B5/25; A61B5/251; A61B5/257; A61B5/263; A61B2562/00; A61B2562/02; A61B2562/0209; A61B2562/0215; A61B2562/18; A61B2562/182
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 38
Claim 1
Independent Claim
113 words
A dry electrode system for the detection of biopotentials existing on the surface of the skin of a living body, comprising: a dry electrode having opposed sides, one of which is adapted to contact said skin, said dry electrode comprising a non-polarizable conductive substrate having opposed sides, and first and second adhesive layers applied to the opposite sides of said non-polarizable conductive substrate, said first adhesive layer being ionically conductive and adapted to adhere said dry electrode to said skin; and a non-polarizable electrically conductive contact adhered to by said second adhesive layer and in conductive contact with said substrate via said second adhesive layer for conducting a biopotential from said dry electrode.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
113 words
A dry electrode system for the detection of biopotentials existing on the surface of the skin of a living body, comprising: a dry electrode having opposed sides, one of which is adapted to contact said skin, said dry electrode comprising a non-polarizable conductive substrate having opposed sides, and first and second adhesive layers applied to the opposite sides of said non-polarizable conductive substrate, said first adhesive layer being ionically conductive and adapted to adhere said dry electrode to said skin; and a non-polarizable electrically conductive contact adhered to by said second adhesive layer and in conductive contact with said substrate via said second adhesive layer for conducting a biopotential from said dry electrode.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
30 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 1, wherein said conductive substrate includes a base material selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, plasticized polyvinylchloride, polyurethane foam and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 1, wherein said conductive substrate is resilient and has a rebound value of not less than 5%.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
40 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 3, wherein said resilient conductive substrate comprises a base material selected from the group consisting of an cell foam, a polyurethane foam, a closed cell foam, and a cross linked vinyl nitrite polymer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
67 words
A dry electrode system according to claims 2 or 4, wherein said base material of said conductive substrate is impregnated with silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders, or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
35 words
A dry electrode system according to claims 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein said first adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulose derivatives.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
35 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 6, wherein said first adhesive layer includes and thereby derives ionic conductivity from dissolved chloride ions of 0.15% to 1.5% concentration by weight of said first adhesive layer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 5, wherein said first adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulose derivatives.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
35 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 8, wherein said first adhesive layer includes and thereby derives ionic conductivity from dissolved chloride ions of 0.15% to 1.5% concentration by weight of said first adhesive layer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 9, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an electrically insulative material partially coating the surface of a portion of said conductive substrate.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 9, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulose derivatives.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
66 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 11, wherein said adhesive base of said second adhesive layer is impregnated with silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
62 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 12, wherein said conductive contact comprises a material including silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders, or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
20 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 13, wherein said conductive contact further comprises silicone rubber, plasticized polyvinylchloride or polyetrafluroethylene.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 1, further comprising: a water insoluble adhesive adapted to adhere to skin partially coated on said first adhesive layer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 1, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an electrically insulative material partially coating the surface of a portion of said conductive substrate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 1, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulose derivatives.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
65 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 17, wherein said adhesive base of second adhesive layer is impregnated with silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
62 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 1, wherein said conductive contact comprises a material including silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders, or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
A dry electrode system according to claim 19, wherein said conductive contact further comprises silicone rubber, plasticized polyvinylchloride or polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
73 words
A dry electrode for enabling electrical and mechanical connection between the skin of a living body and an electrically conductive contact, comprising: a non-polarizable conductive substrate having opposed sides; and first and second adhesive layers applied to the opposed sides of said non-polarizable conductive substrate, said first adhesive layer being ionically conductive and adapted to adhere said substrate to said skin, said second adhesive layer adapted to adhere said substrate to said contact.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
73 words
A dry electrode for enabling electrical and mechanical connection between the skin of a living body and an electrically conductive contact, comprising: a non-polarizable conductive substrate having opposed sides; and first and second adhesive layers applied to the opposed sides of said non-polarizable conductive substrate, said first adhesive layer being ionically conductive and adapted to adhere said substrate to said skin, said second adhesive layer adapted to adhere said substrate to said contact.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
29 words
A dry electrode according to claim 21, wherein said conductive substrate includes a base material selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, plasticized polyvinylchloride, polyurethane foam and polytetrafluoroethylene.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
A dry electrode according to claim 21, wherein said conductive substrate is resilient and has a rebound value of not less than 5%.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
40 words
A dry electrode according to claim 23, wherein said resilient conductive substrate comprises a base material selected from the group consisting of an open cell foam, a polyurethane foam, a closed cell foam, and a cross linked vinyl nitrite polymer.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
66 words
A dry electrode according to claims 22 or 24, wherein said base material of said conductive substrate is impregnated with silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders, or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
34 words
A dry electrode according to claims 21, 22, 23 or 24, wherein said first adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulose derivatives.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
34 words
A dry electrode according to claim 26, wherein said first adhesive layer includes and thereby derives ionic conductivity from dissolved chloride ions of 0.15% to 1.5% concentration by weight of said first adhesive layer.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
30 words
A dry electrode according to claim 25, wherein said first adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyrridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulose derivatives.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
34 words
A dry electrode according to claim 28, wherein said first adhesive layer includes and thereby derives ionic conductivity from dissolved chloride ions of 0.15% to 1.5% concentration by weight of said first adhesive layer.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
28 words
A dry electrode according to claim 29, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an electrically insulative material partially coating the surface of a portion of said conductive substrate.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
30 words
A dry electrode according to claim 29, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulose derivatives.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
65 words
A dry electrode accordign to claim 31, wherein said adhesive base of said second adhesive layer is impregnated with silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
25 words
A dry electrode according to claim 21, further comprising: a water insoluble adhesive adapted to adhere to skin partially coated on said first adhesive layer.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
28 words
A dry electrode according to claim 21, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an electrically insulative material partially coating the surface of a portion of said conductive substrate.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
30 words
A dry electrode according to claim 21, wherein said second adhesive layer comprises an adhesive base selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, vinyl ether polymers and cellulos derivatives.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
65 words
A dry electrode according to claim 35, wherein said adhesive base of said second adhesive layer is impregnated with silver and silver chloride powders, or zinc and zinc sulfate powders or a mixture of titanium hydride, silver chloride, sodium tungstate dihydride and graphite powders, in sufficient quantity to establish a 10 Hz impedance of not more than 1500 ohms to a 1.5% sodium chloride solution.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-04-01 | 1994-10-01 | 1995-04-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-04-01 | 1998-10-01 | 1999-04-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-04-01 | 2002-10-01 | 2003-04-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |