US4992594A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Process for the preparation of polyglycerols
Assignee: Solvay Elektrolysespezialitaeten GmbH
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Filing: 1990-01-03
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Granted: 1991-02-12
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Expires: 2010-01-03
Abstract
Abstract A process is disclosed for the preparation of polyglycerols (containing more than 50% by weight of diglycerol) which have a low content of cyclic components, by reacting chlorohydrins. In this reaction α-monochlorohydrin and epichlorohydrin are reacted at temperatures of 20° to 120° C., preferably 50° C. to 100° C., in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin to α-monochlorohydrin of 0.8:1 to 1:2.5 in the presence of acids or compounds having an acid reaction. A medium having an alkaline reaction, preferably an aqueous solution having an alkaline reaction, is added to the resulting unseparated reaction mixture, at a temperature of 50° C. to 120° C., preferably 80° C. to 95° C. The amount of this addition is based on the content of organically-bound chlorine in the reaction mixture. After the addition of water, the reaction mixture is desalinated via one or more cation exchangers and subsequently anion exchangers. Water is removed by distillation, and the diglycerol/polyglycerol mixture (containing a proportion of glycerol) is separated into diglycerol, higher polyglycerols and, if appropriate, glycerol by fractional distillation.
Inventors
- 👤 Gerald Jakobson
- 👤 Werner Siemanowski
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 20:31
CPC Classifications
C; C07; C07C; C07C41/00; C07C41/01; C07C41/02; C07C41/03; C07C41/16; C07C41/18; C07C41/26; C07C41/34; C07C41/40; C07C41/42
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 34
Claim 1
Independent Claim
150 words
A process for the preparation of polyglycerols containing more than 50% by weight of diglycerol and having a low content of cyclic components from chlorohydrins, comprising the steps of: reacting epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin in the presence of an acid or a compound with an acid reaction at a temperature of about 20° C. to 120° C., in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin to α-monochlorohydrin of about 0.8:1 to 1:2.5; adding a solution having an alkaline reaction to the resulting, unseparated reaction mixture, at a temperature of about 50° C. to 120°, the amount of the addition being based on the content of organically-linked chlorine in the reaction mixture; desalinating the reaction mixture, after the addition of water, first with one or more cation exchangers and subsequently with one or more anion exchangers; removing water by distillation; and separating the reaction mixture into diglycerol, higher polyglycerols and glycerol, by fractional distillation.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
150 words
A process for the preparation of polyglycerols containing more than 50% by weight of diglycerol and having a low content of cyclic components from chlorohydrins, comprising the steps of: reacting epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin in the presence of an acid or a compound with an acid reaction at a temperature of about 20° C. to 120° C., in a molar ratio of epichlorohydrin to α-monochlorohydrin of about 0.8:1 to 1:2.5; adding a solution having an alkaline reaction to the resulting, unseparated reaction mixture, at a temperature of about 50° C. to 120°, the amount of the addition being based on the content of organically-linked chlorine in the reaction mixture; desalinating the reaction mixture, after the addition of water, first with one or more cation exchangers and subsequently with one or more anion exchangers; removing water by distillation; and separating the reaction mixture into diglycerol, higher polyglycerols and glycerol, by fractional distillation.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
49 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acid or compound having an acid reaction is selected from the group consisting of mineral acids, Lewis acids, and halogenated carboxylic acids, in a concentration of 0.1 to 2% by weight, relative to the amount by weight of α-monochlorohydrin employed.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
58 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction mixture which has been reacted in an alkaline solution is diluted by the addition of water to a 70-40% strength by weight solution, and is desalinated at a temperature between 30° C. to 80° C., over a combination of strongly acid cation exchangers and weakly basic anion exchangers.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein an alkali metal carbonate solution having an alkaline reaction is added to the unseparated reaction mixture from the reaction of epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the unseparated reaction mixture from the reaction of epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin is mixed with the solution having an alkaline reaction under forced agitation.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution having an alkaline reaction is added to the reaction product of epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin in an equivalent or molar ratio of alkali metal carbonate of 1:1 to 1.2:1, relative to the content of organically-bound chlorine.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
36 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein unreacted α-monochlorohydrin and epichlorohydrin are removed by distillation after the reaction of epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin and recycled to the process, and the alkaline hydrolysis is carried out subsequently.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
30 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture of the reaction mixture and the aqueous solution having an alkaline reaction exhibits a pH range of 7.0 to 13.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
24 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature after the reaction, and precipitated salt is removed.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein regeneration of cation exchange material in the cation exchangers is effected by means of cocurrent or composite cocurrent regeneration.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution to be desalinated is passed through the ion exchangers under an excess pressure.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution to be desalinated is passed through one or more cation exchangers and at least one anion exchanger under a pressure of 1.1-10 bar.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
58 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ion exchange material of the exchangers is covered by a strainer plate, perforated plate, a device mounted so as to be vertically movable above the ion exchanger, which covers the exchange material and produces a uniform passage of liquid, an inert compression molding material, or an elastic plastic material.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cation exchange materials and anion exchange materials employed are resistant to heat up to over 80° C.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
39 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the strongly acid cation exchange material and the weakly basic anion exchange material have an internal surface area, as measured by the BET method, of more than 25 m 2 /g.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solution to be desalinated is passed through the ion exchanger at a flow rate of 0.5 m/hour to 15 m/hour.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the epichlorohydrin is reacted with the α-monochlorohydrin at a temperature in the range of about 50° C. to 100° C.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the adding step takes place at a temperature in the range of about 80° C. to 95° C.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process as claimed in claim wherein the solution having an alkaline reaction is an aqueous solution.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the acid or compound having an acid reaction is sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid, boron trifluoride, boron trifluoride-etherate, iron-III chloride and/or tin tetrachloride, trifluoroacetic acid or chloroacetic acid.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
38 words
The process as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amount of acid or compound having an acid reaction is present in a concentration of 0.1 to 1% by weight, relative to the amount by weight of α-monochlorohydrin employed.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the reaction mixture which has been reacted in an alkaline solution is diluted by the addition of water to a 60-50% strength by weight solution.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the desalination is performed at a temperature between 40° C. to 60° C.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
The process as claimed in claim 4, wherein the alkali metal carbonate solution having an alkaline reaction is a concentrated sodium carbonate solution.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
28 words
The process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the unseparated reaction mixture from the reaction of epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin is added to the solution having an alkaline reaction.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
45 words
The process as claimed in claim 6, wherein the solution having an alkaline reaction is added to the reaction product of epichlorohydrin with α-monochlorohydrin in an equivalent or molar ratio of alkali metal carbonate of 1.05:1 to 1.1:1, relative to the content of organically-bound chlorine.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
17 words
The process as claimed in claim 7, wherein unreacted α-monochlorohydrin and epichlorohydrin are removed by vacuum distillation.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process as claimed in claim 8, wherein the mixture of the reaction mixture and the solution having an alkaline reaction exhibits a pH range of 8 to 12.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
The process as claimed in claim 9, wherein the precipitated salt is removed by filtration.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process as claimed in claim 12, wherein the solution to be desalinated is passed through one or more cation exchangers and at least one anion exchanger under a pressure of 2-6 bar.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cation exchange materials and anion exchange materials employed are resistant to heat up to over 100° C.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
40 words
The process as claimed in claim 15, wherein the strongly acid cation exchange material and the weakly basic anion exchange material have an internal surface area, as measured by the BET method, of about 50 to 100 m 2 /g.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
29 words
The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein the solution to be desalinated is passed through the ion exchanger at a flow rate of 1 m/hour to 5 m/hour.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2520670A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-02-11 | 1994-08-13 | 1995-02-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-02-11 | 1998-08-13 | 1999-02-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-02-11 | 2002-08-13 | 2003-02-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |