US4991834A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Shock-attenuating seamless surface system for use under and around playground equipment
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1989-07-10
•
Granted: 1991-02-12
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Expires: 2009-07-10
Abstract
Abstract Shock-attenuating seamless surface systems for use under and around playground equipment can be either installed on a base or installed in a recess in the base such that an integrated installation is obtained. All systems have a surface layer with a bottom and outer edges; ribs extending from the bottom of the surface layer for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; and a first layer of sealer and an aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system. More complex systems may include one or more of the following: a plurality of median ribs extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining ribs in order to enhance and make consistent attenuating characteristics upon impact to the surface layer, to allow internal venting, and to facilitate conformity to the base; a void area left in place of at least one median rib in order to facilitate cutting through the surface layer; a second layer of sealer spread under the array of air-filled cells and above the base in order to prevent the escape of air therefrom upon impact thereto and hold the cells in a substantially vertical orientation with respect to the base; a sloping outer edge surrounding all sides to help prevent tripping and to facilitate access by handicapped persons; and a beveled outer edge surrounding all sides for facilitating attachment to either an identical surface or the base.
Inventors
- 👤 Thomas M. Vaux
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 13:25
CPC Classifications
E; E01; E01C; E01C9/00; E01C9/008; A; A63; A63C; A63C19/00; A63C19/04; E01C13/00; E01C13/04; E01C13/045; E01C13/06; E01C13/065; E01C13/08; E01C5/00; E01C5/18; E04; E04F; E04F15/00; E04F15/02; E04F15/10; E04F15/22; Y; Y02; Y02A; Y02A30/00; Y02A30/60
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 48
Claim 1
Independent Claim
148 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; a sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; median rib means, extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means, for defining a structure that produces consistent attenuating characteristics upon impact to the surface layer, for facilitating internal venting of the surface system, and for facilitating conformity of the surface system to the base; and a sloping outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for helping to prevent tripping and for facilitating access by handicapped persons.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
148 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; a sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; median rib means, extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means, for defining a structure that produces consistent attenuating characteristics upon impact to the surface layer, for facilitating internal venting of the surface system, and for facilitating conformity of the surface system to the base; and a sloping outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for helping to prevent tripping and for facilitating access by handicapped persons.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 1, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 1, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
161 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equpment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; a plurality of median rib means, extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means, for defining a structure that produces consistent shock attenuating characteristics upon impact to the surface layer, for facilitating internal venting of the surface system, and for facilitating conformity of the surface system to the contour of the base and at least one void area means, arranged in place of at least one of the plurality of median rib means, for facilitating cutting of the surface system through the surface layer.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
161 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equpment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; a plurality of median rib means, extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means, for defining a structure that produces consistent shock attenuating characteristics upon impact to the surface layer, for facilitating internal venting of the surface system, and for facilitating conformity of the surface system to the contour of the base and at least one void area means, arranged in place of at least one of the plurality of median rib means, for facilitating cutting of the surface system through the surface layer.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
43 words
The surface system, according to claim 4, wherein: said void area means includes one void area provided through a middle of the array of air-filled cells lengthwise and a second void area provided through a middle of the array of air-filled cells widthwise.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 4, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 4, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
88 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom ot the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and median ribs extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
88 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom ot the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and median ribs extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 8, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 8, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
203 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement in a recess in a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; a first layer of sealer means and aggregate means, spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system, for preventing loss of attenuating properties in the surface system due to weathering and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation; a second layer of sealer means, spread under the array of air-filled cells and above the base, for preventing the escape of air therefrom upon impact thereto and also for holding the array of air-filled cells in a substantially vertical orientation with respect to the base; and a beveled outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for facilitating attachment of the surface system to any structure protruding from the base on at least one side of the surface system; whereby the surface system placed adjacent to the structure protruding from the base forms an integrated installation with the structure protruding from the base.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
203 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement in a recess in a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; a first layer of sealer means and aggregate means, spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system, for preventing loss of attenuating properties in the surface system due to weathering and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation; a second layer of sealer means, spread under the array of air-filled cells and above the base, for preventing the escape of air therefrom upon impact thereto and also for holding the array of air-filled cells in a substantially vertical orientation with respect to the base; and a beveled outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for facilitating attachment of the surface system to any structure protruding from the base on at least one side of the surface system; whereby the surface system placed adjacent to the structure protruding from the base forms an integrated installation with the structure protruding from the base.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 11, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 11, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
47 words
The surface system, according to claim 11, further comprising: tape means, secured to the beveled outer edge means and the structure protruding from the base, for attaching the structure protruding from the base flush with the surface system on at least one side of the surface system.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
40 words
The surface system, according to claim 14, further comprising: paste means, applied to the tape means, for facilitating attachment of the structure protruding from the base flush with the surface system on at least one side of the surface system.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
121 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; a plurality of median ribs extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means; and at least one void area means, arranged in place of at least one of the plurality of median ribs, for facilitating cutting of the surface system through the surface layer.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
121 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; a plurality of median ribs extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means; and at least one void area means, arranged in place of at least one of the plurality of median ribs, for facilitating cutting of the surface system through the surface layer.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
43 words
The surface system, according to claim 16, wherein: said void area means includes one void area provided through a middle of the array of air-filled cells lengthwise and a second void area provided through a middle of the array of air-filled cells widthwise.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 16, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 16, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
81 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and a sloping outer edge surrounding all sides of the surface system.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
81 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and a sloping outer edge surrounding all sides of the surface system.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 20, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 20, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
91 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; a first layer of sealer and an aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and a second layer of sealer spread under the array of air-filled cells and above the base.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
91 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; a first layer of sealer and an aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and a second layer of sealer spread under the array of air-filled cells and above the base.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 23, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 23, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
163 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate means, spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system, for preventing loss of attenuating properties in the surface system due to weathering and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation; median rib means, extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means for giving added support against a strong blow striking the surface layer and the array of air-filled cells affixed thereto; and a beveled outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for facilitating attachment of the surface system to a first identical surface system on at least one side of the surface system.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
163 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate means, spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system, for preventing loss of attenuating properties in the surface system due to weathering and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation; median rib means, extending a shorter distance from the bottom of the surface layer than the defining rib means for giving added support against a strong blow striking the surface layer and the array of air-filled cells affixed thereto; and a beveled outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for facilitating attachment of the surface system to a first identical surface system on at least one side of the surface system.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 26, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
28 words
The surface system, according to claim 26, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to a second identical surface system on top of said surface system.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
45 words
The surface system, accoring to claim 26, further comprising: tape means, secured to the beveled outer edge means and the first identical surface system, for attaching the surface system flush with the first identical surface system on at least one side of the surface system.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
39 words
The surface system, according to claim 29, further comprising: paste means, applied to the tape means, for facilitating attachment of the surface system flush with the first identical surface system on at least one side of the surface system.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
90 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; and sealer and aggregate means, spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system, for preventing loss of attenuating properties in the surface system due to weathering and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
90 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement on a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; and sealer and aggregate means, spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system, for preventing loss of attenuating properties in the surface system due to weathering and exposure to ultraviolet solar radiation.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 31, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 31, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
125 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement in a recess in a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and a beveled outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for facilitating attachment of the surface system to the base on at least one side of the surface system; whereby the surface system placed in the recess in the base forms an integrated installation with the recess in the base.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
125 words
A surface system, for use under and around playground equipment, for placement in a recess in a base, comprising: a surface layer having a bottom and outer edges; rib means, extending from the bottom of the surface layer, for defining an array of air-filled cells affixed to the bottom of the surface layer; sealer and aggregate spread over the surface layer, the outer edges, and the base immediate to the surface system; and a beveled outer edge means, surrounding all sides of the surface system, for facilitating attachment of the surface system to the base on at least one side of the surface system; whereby the surface system placed in the recess in the base forms an integrated installation with the recess in the base.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
16 words
The surface system, according to claim 34, wherein: said array of air-filled cells is a honeycomb.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
21 words
The surface system, according to claim 34, wherein: said surface system is capable of being joined to an identical surface system.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
39 words
The surface system, according to claim 34, further comprising: tape means, secured to the beveled outer edge means and the base, for attaching the surface system flush with the base on at least one side of the surface system.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
36 words
The surface system, according to claim 37, further comprising: paste means, applied to the tape means, for facilitating attachment of the surface system flush with the base on at least one side of the surface system.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1994-02-11 | 1994-08-13 | 1995-02-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1998-02-11 | 1998-08-13 | 1999-02-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2002-02-11 | 2002-08-13 | 2003-02-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |