Capacitors and high dielectric constant ceramics therefor

Claim 2

A dielectric ceramic exhibiting a small temperature coefficient of capacitance across the temperature range of -55° C. to 125° C. when compared to the capacitance measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, depending upon the capacitance of the material, and a dielectric constant in excess of 105, when measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, which dielectric ceramic has a composition corresponding to the formula: (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2).sup.2+ (A.sub.m-1 B.sub.m O.sub.3m+1).sup.2- wherein A consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, and Pb, and B consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and at least part of B is replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1/3.sup.2+ D.sub.2/3.sup.5+ ( 1) E.sub.1/4.sup.1+ D.sub.3/4.sup.5+ ( 2) F.sub.1/2.sup.3+ D.sub.1/2.sup.5+ ( 3) and F.sub.2/3.sup.3+ G.sub.1/3.sup.6+ ( 4) wherein C 2+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2+ ; D 5+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ ; E + ions are selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , and Ag + ; F 3+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Y 3+ , Lu 3+ , Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3 +; and G 6+ ions are selected from the group consisting of W 6+ and Mo 6+ ; and wherein m is greater than 1.

Claim 3

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 1 wherein A is composed of at least one mixture of ions selected from the group consisting of Ca 0 .6 Sr 0 .4 and Ca 0 .5 Sr 0 .4 Ba 0 .1.

Claim 4

The dielectric ceramic of claim 1 having a composition corresponding to the formula ABi 4 Ti 4 O15, wherein A is an element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, and Pb, and Ti is replaced at least in part with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of (1), (2), (3), and (4).

Claim 5

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 1 having a composition corresponding to the formula CaBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 O 15 wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 6

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 1 having a composition corresponding to the formula SrBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 O 15 wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 7

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 1 having a composition corresponding to the formula CaBi 4 (Ni 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 O 15 wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 8

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 1 having a composition corresponding to the formula CaBi 4 (Cu 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 O 15 wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 9

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 1 having a composition corresponding to the formula CaBi 4 (Fe 2/3 W 1/3 ) 4 O 15 wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of F 3+ and G 6 +.

Claim 10

A ceramic material exhibiting a small temperature coefficient of capacitance across the temperature range of -55° C. to 125° C. when compared to the capacitance measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, depending upon the capacitance of the material, and a dielectric constant in excess of 105, when measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, which material has a composition encompassed within the formula; (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2) 2+(A.sub.m-1 B.sub.m Mn.sub.γ O.sub.3m+δ+1).sup.2+ wherein A consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi and Pb, and B consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and at least part of B is replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1/3.sup.2+ D.sub.2/3.sup.5+ ( 1) E.sub.1/4.sup.1+ D.sub.3/4.sup.5+ ( 2) F.sub.1/2.sup.3+ D.sub.1/2.sup.5+, (3) F.sub.2/3.sup.3+ G.sub.1/3.sup.6+ ( 4) C 2+ are selected from the group consisting of a Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cd 2+ , D5+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ ; E + ions are selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , and Ag + ; F 3+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Y 3+ , Lu 3+ , Yb 3 a + , Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3 + ; and G 6+ ions are selected from the group consisting of W 6+ and Mo 6 + ; and wherein m is greater than 1, γ is greater than 0, and δ, the oxide contribution of manganese oxide, is greater than 0.

Claim 11

A ceramic material exhibiting a small temperature coefficient of capacitance across the temperature range of -55° C. to 125° C. when compared to the capacitance measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, depending upon the capacitance of the material, and a dielectric constant in excess of 105, when measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, which material has a composition encompassed within the formula; (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2) 2+(A.sub.m-1 B.sub.m Mn.sub.γ O.sub.3m+δ+1).sup.2+ wherein A consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi and Pb, and B consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and at least part of B is replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1/3.sup.2+ D.sub.2/3.sup.5+ ( 1) E.sub.1/4.sup.1+ D.sub.3/4.sup.5+ ( 2) F.sub.1/2.sup.3+ D.sub.1/2.sup.5+, (3) F.sub.2/3.sup.3+ G.sub.1/3.sup.6+ ( 4) C 2+ are selected from the group consisting of a Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , and Cd 2+ , D5+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ ; E + ions are selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , and Ag + ; F 3+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Y 3+ , Lu 3+ , Yb 3 a + , Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3 + ; and G 6+ ions are selected from the group consisting of W 6+ and Mo 6 + ; and wherein m is greater than 1, γ is greater than 0, and δ, the oxide contribution of manganese oxide, is greater than 0.

Claim 12

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 9 wherein A is composed of at least one mixture of ions selected from the group consisting of Ca 0 .6 Sr 0 .4 and Ca 0 .5 Sr 0 .4 Ba0.1.

Claim 13

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 9 having a composition corresponding to the formula CaBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 Mn.sub.γ O 15+ δ wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 14

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 9 having a composition corresponding to the formula SrBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 Mn.sub.γ O 15+ δ wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 15

The dielectric ceramic exhibiting a small temperature coefficient of capacitance across the temperature range of -55° C. to 125° C. when compared to the capacitance measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, depending upon the capacitance of the material, and a dielectric constant in excess of 105, when measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, which material has a composition encompassed within the formula; (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2).sub.2+ (A.sub.m-1 B.sub.m Zr.sub.β O.sub.3m+δ+1).sup.2- wherein A consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Bi, and B consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and at least part of B is replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1/3.sup.2+ D.sub.2/3.sup.5+, (1) E.sub.1/4.sup.1+ D.sub.3/4.sup.5+, (2) F.sub.1/2.sup.3+ D.sub.1/2.sup.5+, (3) F.sub.2/3.sup.3+ G.sub.1/3 ( 4) wherein: C 2+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2 + ; D 5+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ ; E+ions are selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , and Ag + ; + ions are selected from the group consisting of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Y 3+ , Lu 3+ , Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , ER' 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3 + ; and G 6+ ions are selected from the group consisting of W 6+ and Mo 6 + ; and wherein m is greater than 1, β is greater than 0, and δ, the oxide contribution of zirconia, is greater than 0.

Claim 16

The dielectric ceramic exhibiting a small temperature coefficient of capacitance across the temperature range of -55° C. to 125° C. when compared to the capacitance measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, depending upon the capacitance of the material, and a dielectric constant in excess of 105, when measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, which material has a composition encompassed within the formula; (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2).sub.2+ (A.sub.m-1 B.sub.m Zr.sub.β O.sub.3m+δ+1).sup.2- wherein A consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Bi, and B consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, and Ti, and at least part of B is replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1/3.sup.2+ D.sub.2/3.sup.5+, (1) E.sub.1/4.sup.1+ D.sub.3/4.sup.5+, (2) F.sub.1/2.sup.3+ D.sub.1/2.sup.5+, (3) F.sub.2/3.sup.3+ G.sub.1/3 ( 4) wherein: C 2+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2 + ; D 5+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ ; E+ions are selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , and Ag + ; + ions are selected from the group consisting of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Y 3+ , Lu 3+ , Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , ER' 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3 + ; and G 6+ ions are selected from the group consisting of W 6+ and Mo 6 + ; and wherein m is greater than 1, β is greater than 0, and δ, the oxide contribution of zirconia, is greater than 0.

Claim 17

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 13 wherein A is composed of at least one mixture of ions selected from the group consisting of Ca 0 .6 Sr 0 .4 and Ca 0 .5 Sr 0 .4 Ba 0 .1.

Claim 18

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 13 having a composition corresponding to the formula CaBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 Zr 62 O 15+ δ wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 19

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 13 having a composition corresponding to the formula SrBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 Zr 62 O 15+ δ wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 20

A ceramic material exhibiting a small temperature coefficient of capacitance across the temperature range of -55° C. to 125° C. no greater than 35 ppm/C when compared to the capacitance measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, depending upon the capacitance of the material, and a dielectric constant in excess of 105, when measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, and a dissipation factor no greater than 0.1% when measured at room temperature and 1 KHz or 1 MHz, which material has a composition encompassed within the formula; (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2).sup.2+ (A.sub.m-1 B.sub.m Mn.sub.γ Zr.sub.62 O.sub.3m+δ+1).sup.2- wherein A consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, and Pb, and B is replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1/3.sup.2+ D.sub.2/3.sup.5+, (1) E.sub.1/4.sup.1+ D.sub.3/4.sup.5+, (2) F.sub.1/2.sup.3+ D.sub.1/2.sup.5+, (3) and F.sub.2/3.sup.3+ G.sub.1/3.sup.6+ ( 4) wherein: C 2+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2 + ; D 5+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ ; E+ions are selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , and Ag + ; F 3+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Y 3+ , Lu 3+ , Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3 + ; and G 6+ ions are selected from the group consisting of W 6+ and Mo 6 + ; and wherein m is greater than 1, β is greater than 0, γ is greater than 0, and δ, the oxide contributions of zirconia and manganese oxide, is greater than 0.

Claim 21

A ceramic material exhibiting a small temperature coefficient of capacitance across the temperature range of -55° C. to 125° C. no greater than 35 ppm/C when compared to the capacitance measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, depending upon the capacitance of the material, and a dielectric constant in excess of 105, when measured at room temperature at 1 KHz or 1 MHz, and a dissipation factor no greater than 0.1% when measured at room temperature and 1 KHz or 1 MHz, which material has a composition encompassed within the formula; (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.2).sup.2+ (A.sub.m-1 B.sub.m Mn.sub.γ Zr.sub.62 O.sub.3m+δ+1).sup.2- wherein A consists essentially of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, Bi, and Pb, and B is replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1/3.sup.2+ D.sub.2/3.sup.5+, (1) E.sub.1/4.sup.1+ D.sub.3/4.sup.5+, (2) F.sub.1/2.sup.3+ D.sub.1/2.sup.5+, (3) and F.sub.2/3.sup.3+ G.sub.1/3.sup.6+ ( 4) wherein: C 2+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , and Cd 2 + ; D 5+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Nb 5+ and Ta 5+ ; E+ions are selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cu + , and Ag + ; F 3+ ions are selected from the group consisting of Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ , Al 3+ , Ga 3+ , Tl 3+ , As 3+ , Sb 3+ , Y 3+ , Lu 3+ , Yb 3+ , Tm 3+ , Er 3+ , Ho 3+ , Dy 3+ , Tb 3+ , Gd 3+ , Eu 3+ , and Sm 3 + ; and G 6+ ions are selected from the group consisting of W 6+ and Mo 6 + ; and wherein m is greater than 1, β is greater than 0, γ is greater than 0, and δ, the oxide contributions of zirconia and manganese oxide, is greater than 0.

Claim 22

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 17 having a composition corresponding to the formula CaBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 Zr 62 Mn 65 O 15+ wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 23

The dielectric ceramic of claim 18 wherein 4-6 wt % of ZrO 2 and 0.3-0.5 wt % MnO 2 comprise the zirconia and manganese oxide constituents, respectively.

Claim 24

The dielectric ceramic of claim 18 wherein 4.5-5.5 wt % ZrO 2 and 0.35-0.45 wt % MnO 2 comprise the zirconia and manganese oxide constituents, respectively.

Claim 25

The dielectric ceramic according to claim 17 having a composition corresponding to the formula SrBi 4 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 4 Zr 62 Mn 65 O 15+ δ wherein B is totally replaced with a single pair of mixed ions selected from the group consisting of C 2+ and D 5+ .

Claim 26

The dielectric ceramic of claim 21 wherein 4-6 wt % ZrO 2 and 0.3-0.5 wt % MnO 2 comprise the zirconia and manganese oxide constituents, respectively.

Claim 27

The dielectric ceramic of claim 21 wherein 4.5-5.5 wt % ZrO 2 and 0.35-0.45 wt % MnO 2 comprise the zirconia and manganese oxide constituents, respectively.