Broadcast network

Claim 2

A broadcast network comprising: N transmit stations, each transmit station being capable of transmitting a signal and N being an integer≧1; M receive stations, where M is an integer≧2; I switching stages where I is an integer≧0; and a broadcast hub, said broadcast hub and I switching stages connected such that they are capable of linking the N transmit stations to the M receive stations so that any one of the N transmit stations can transmit a signal to L of the receive stations, where L is an integer and 2≧L≧M, but each receive station can receive a signal from only one of the N transmit stations at any given time, said broadcast hub and switching stages linking more than one of the N transmit stations to desired receive stations at any given time.

Claim 3

A broadcast network as described in claim 1 wherein the broadcast hub is a broadcast vector.

Claim 4

A broadcast network as described in claim 2 wherein there is at least one switching stage which forms a presentation network linking the N transmit stations to the broadcast vector.

Claim 5

A broadcast network as described in claim 3 wherein there is at least one additional switching stage which forms a distribution network linking the broadcast vector to the M receive stations.

Claim 6

A broadcast network as described in claim 2 wherein the broadcast vector is comprised of P broadcast modules, where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal outputs and i ot internal inputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the internal outputs of one of the N broadcast modules being linked to an internal input of another broadcast module and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port.

Claim 7

A broadcast network as described in claim 5 wherein there is at least one switching stage which forms a presentation network linking the N transmit stations to the broadcast vector.

Claim 8

A broadcast network as described in claim 6 wherein there is at least one additional switching stage which forms a distribution network linking the broadcast vector to the M receive stations.

Claim 9

A broadcast network as described in claim 1 wherein the broadcast hub is a broadcast ring.

Claim 10

A broadcast network as described in claim 8 wherein there is at least one switching stage which forms a presentation network linking the N transmit stations to the broadcast ring.

Claim 11

A broadcast network as described in claim 9 wherein there is at least one additional switching stage which forms a distribution network linking the broadcast ring to the M receive stations.

Claim 12

A broadcast network as described in claim 10 wherein there is at least one additional switching stage which forms a distribution network linking the broadcast hyper-ring to the M receive stations.

Claim 13

A broadcast network as described in claim 8 wherein the broadcast ring is comprised of P broadcast modules where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, said external inputs and outputs providing for signals into and out of the broadcast ring, respectively but not to other broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, said internal inputs and outputs providing for signal flow between the broadcast modules in the broadcast ring with at least one of the i ot internal outputs of the broadcast module being linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of another broadcast module, and every broadcast module in the broadcast ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port.

Claim 14

A broadcast network as described in claim 12 wherein there is at least one switching stage which forms a presentation network linking the N transmit stations to the broadcast ring.

Claim 15

A broadcast network as described in claim 13 wherein there is at least one additional switching stage which forms a distribution network linking the broadcast ring to the M receive stations.

Claim 16

A broadcast network as described in claim 1 wherein the broadcast hub is a broadcast hyper-ring.

Claim 17

A broadcast network as described in claim 15 wherein there is at least one switching stage which forms a presentation network linking the N transmit stations to the broadcast hyper-ring.

Claim 18

A broadcast network as described in claim 15 wherein the broadcast hyper-ring is comprised of P broadcast modules where P≧3 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e ig external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e ig , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to at least one of the inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast modules linked to one of its inputs; each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≧Q≧e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and J switches, where J≧0, said broadcast modules and switches are linked such that a signal that is inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring at one of the e iq input ports can be outputted out of the broadcast hyper-ring at L of the e or output ports, where L is an integer and 2≧L≧e or , but each output port can only output the signal inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring from one external input port at any given time, said broadcast modules and switching stages capable of directing the signals from more than one of the e iq input ports to desired output ports at any given time.

Claim 19

A broadcast hyper-ring described in claim 17 wherein at least one of the i ot internal outputs of one of the P broadcast modules is linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs.

Claim 20

A broadcast network as described in claim 18 wherein there is at least one switching stage which forms a presentation network linking the N transmit stations to the broadcast hyper-ring.

Claim 21

A broadcast network as described in claim 19 wherein there is at least one additional switching stage which forms a distribution network linking the broadcast hyper-ring to the M receive stations.

Claim 22

A broadcast vector comprising: P broadcast modules, where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the internal outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to an internal input of another broadcast module and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≧Q≧e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and wherein a presentation network is connected to the P broadcast modules to provide signals thereto.

Claim 23

A broadcast vector comprising: P broadcast modules, where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the internal outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to an internal input of another broadcast module and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≧Q≧e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and wherein a presentation network is connected to the P broadcast modules to provide signals thereto.

Claim 24

A broadcast vector as described in claim 21 including a distribution network connected to the P broadcast modules to remove signals therefrom.

Claim 25

A broadcast ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, said external inputs and outputs providing for signals into and out of the broadcast ring, respectively but not to other broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, said internal inputs and outputs providing for signal flow between the broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, with at least one of the i ot internal outputs of the broadcast module being linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of another broadcast module, and every broadcast module in the broadcast ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs.

Claim 26

A broadcast ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, said external inputs and outputs providing for signals into and out of the broadcast ring, respectively but not to other broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, said internal inputs and outputs providing for signal flow between the broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, with at least one of the i ot internal outputs of the broadcast module being linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of another broadcast module, and every broadcast module in the broadcast ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs.

Claim 27

A broadcast ring as described in claim 23 including a presentation network connected to the P broadcast modules to provide signals thereto.

Claim 28

A broadcast ring as described in claim 24 including a distribution network connected to the P broadcast modules to remove signals therefrom.

Claim 29

A broadcast hyper-ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧3 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is , and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to at least one of the inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast module linked to one of its inputs; each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≧Q≧e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and J switches, where J≧O, said broadcast modules and switches are linked such that a signal that is inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring at one of the e iq input ports can be outputted out of the broadcast hyper-ring at L of the e or output ports, where L is an integer and 2≦L≦e or , but each output port can only output the signal inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring from one external input port at any given time, said broadcast modules and switching stages capable of directing the signals from more than one of the e iq input ports to desired output ports at any given time; and wherein a presentation network is connected to the P broadcast modules to provide signals thereto.

Claim 30

A broadcast hyper-ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧3 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is , and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to at least one of the inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast module linked to one of its inputs; each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≧Q≧e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and J switches, where J≧O, said broadcast modules and switches are linked such that a signal that is inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring at one of the e iq input ports can be outputted out of the broadcast hyper-ring at L of the e or output ports, where L is an integer and 2≦L≦e or , but each output port can only output the signal inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring from one external input port at any given time, said broadcast modules and switching stages capable of directing the signals from more than one of the e iq input ports to desired output ports at any given time; and wherein a presentation network is connected to the P broadcast modules to provide signals thereto.

Claim 31

A broadcast hyper-ring described in claim 26 wherein at least one of the i ot internal outputs of one of the P broadcast modules is linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs;

Claim 32

A broadcast hyper-ring as described in claim 26 including a distribution network connected to the P broadcast modules to remove signals therefrom.

Claim 33

A broadcast network comprising: a first broadcast module having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port; at least a second broadcast module having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port, said second input port of said second broadcast module linked to said second output port of said first broadcast module and said second input port of said first broadcast module linked to said second output port of said second broadcast module, each broadcast module having means for connecting one of its input ports to one or more of its output ports but each broadcast module's output port being connected to only one of its input ports; at least a first presentation switch having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port, said first output port of said presentation switch linked to said first input port of said first broadcast module, said second output port of said presentation switch linked to said first input port of said second broadcast module; and at least a first distribution switch having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port, said first output port of said first broadcast module being linked to said first input port of said distribution switch and said first output port of said second broadcast module linked to said second input port of said distribution switch.

Claim 34

A broadcast network comprising: a first broadcast module having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port; at least a second broadcast module having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port, said second input port of said second broadcast module linked to said second output port of said first broadcast module and said second input port of said first broadcast module linked to said second output port of said second broadcast module, each broadcast module having means for connecting one of its input ports to one or more of its output ports but each broadcast module's output port being connected to only one of its input ports; at least a first presentation switch having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port, said first output port of said presentation switch linked to said first input port of said first broadcast module, said second output port of said presentation switch linked to said first input port of said second broadcast module; and at least a first distribution switch having a first and at least a second input port and a first and at least a second output port, said first output port of said first broadcast module being linked to said first input port of said distribution switch and said first output port of said second broadcast module linked to said second input port of said distribution switch.

Claim 35

A broadcast network as described in claim 29 including at least a third broadcast module having a first input port and at least a second input port, and a first output port and at least a second output port; wherein the first broadcast module has at least a third input port linked to the second output port of the third broadcast module, wherein the second broadcast module has at least a third output port linked to the second input port of the third broadcast module, wherein the first presentation switch has at least a third input port and at least a third output port with the third output port linked to the first input port of the third broadcast module; and wherein the first distribution switch has at least a third input port and at least a third output port with the third input port linked to the first output port of the third broadcast module.

Claim 36

A broadcast network as described in claim 30 wherein the third broadcast module has at least a third input and at least a third output; wherein the first broadcast module has a third output port linked to the third input port of the third broadcast module; and wherein the second broadcast module has at least a third input port linked to the third output port of the third broadcast module.

Claim 37

A broadcast network as described in claim 29 wherein the second broadcast module has at least a third output port and a third and a fourth input port; wherein the first broadcast module has at least a third input port and at least a third output port; wherein the first presentation switch has a third and at least a fourth input port and a third and at least a fourth output port; wherein the first distribution switch has a third and at least a fourth output port and a third and at least a fourth input port; and including a third broadcast module having a first input port linked to the third output port of the first presentation switch, a second input port linked to the third output port of the first broadcast module and at least a third input port; and a first output port linked to the third input port of the first broadcast module, a second output port linked to the third input port of the first distribution switch, a third output port linked to the fourth input port of the second broadcast module and a fourth output port; and including a fourth broadcast module having a first, second and at least a third input port linked to the fourth output port of the presentation switch, the third output port of the second broadcast module and the fourth output port of the third broadcast module, respectively, and a first, second and at least a third output port linked to the fourth input port of the first distribution switch, the third input port of the second broadcast module and the third input port of the third broadcast module, respectively.

Claim 38

A broadcast network as described in claim 32 wherein the second broadcast module has at least a fourth output port, the third broadcast module has at least a fourth input port linked to the fourth output port of the second broadcast module; wherein the first broadcast module has at least a fourth input port and at least a fourth output port; and wherein the fourth broadcast module has a fourth input port and a fourth output port linked to the fourth output port and fourth input port, respectively, of the first broadcast module.

Claim 39

A broadcast vector comprising: P broadcast modules, where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the internal outputs of one of the N broadcast modules being linked to an internal input of another broadcast module and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port such that direct connecting paths are temporarily formed through the P broadcast modules providing for signal flow only for respective predetermined broadcasts.

Claim 40

A broadcast vector comprising: P broadcast modules, where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the internal outputs of one of the N broadcast modules being linked to an internal input of another broadcast module and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port such that direct connecting paths are temporarily formed through the P broadcast modules providing for signal flow only for respective predetermined broadcasts.

Claim 41

A broadcast ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, said external inputs and outputs providing for signals into and out of the broadcast ring, respectively but not to other broadcast modules in the broadcast rings, said internal inputs and output providing for signal flow between the broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, with at least one of the i ot internal outputs of the broadcast module ring linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of another broadcast module, and every broadcast module in the broadcast ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs such that direct connecting paths are temporarily formed through the P broadcast modules providing for signal flow only for respective predetermined broadcasts.

Claim 42

A broadcast ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, said external inputs and outputs providing for signals into and out of the broadcast ring, respectively but not to other broadcast modules in the broadcast rings, said internal inputs and output providing for signal flow between the broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, with at least one of the i ot internal outputs of the broadcast module ring linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of another broadcast module, and every broadcast module in the broadcast ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs such that direct connecting paths are temporarily formed through the P broadcast modules providing for signal flow only for respective predetermined broadcasts.

Claim 43

A broadcast hyper-ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧3 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is , and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to at least one of the inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast module linked to one of its inputs; each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and J switches, where J≧0, said broadcast modules and switches are linked such that a signal that is inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring at one of the e iq input ports can be outputted out of the broadcast hyper-ring at L of the e or output ports, where L is an integer and 2≦L≦e or , but each output port can only output the signal inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring from one external input port at any given time, said broadcast modules and switching stages capable of directing the signals from more than one of the e iq input ports to desired output ports at any given time such that direct connecting paths are temporarily formed through the P broadcast modules providing for signal flow only for respective predetermined broadcasts.

Claim 44

A broadcast hyper-ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧3 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is , and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to at least one of the inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast module linked to one of its inputs; each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and J switches, where J≧0, said broadcast modules and switches are linked such that a signal that is inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring at one of the e iq input ports can be outputted out of the broadcast hyper-ring at L of the e or output ports, where L is an integer and 2≦L≦e or , but each output port can only output the signal inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring from one external input port at any given time, said broadcast modules and switching stages capable of directing the signals from more than one of the e iq input ports to desired output ports at any given time such that direct connecting paths are temporarily formed through the P broadcast modules providing for signal flow only for respective predetermined broadcasts.

Claim 45

A broadcast vector comprising: P broadcast modules, where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the internal outputs of one of the N broadcast modules being linked to an internal input of another broadcast module and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port such that open connecting paths are formed between the P broadcast modules.

Claim 46

A broadcast vector comprising: P broadcast modules, where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the internal outputs of one of the N broadcast modules being linked to an internal input of another broadcast module and each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port such that open connecting paths are formed between the P broadcast modules.

Claim 47

A broadcast ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external input, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, said external inputs and outputs providing for signals into and out of the broadcast ring, respectively but not to other broadcast modules in the broadcast rings, said internal inputs and output providing for signal flow between the broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, with at least one of the i ot internal outputs of the broadcast module ring linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of another broadcast module, and every broadcast module in the broadcast ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs such that open connecting paths are formed between the P broadcast modules.

Claim 48

A broadcast ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧2 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external input, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs where e iq , e or , i is and i ot ≧1 and are integers, said external inputs and outputs providing for signals into and out of the broadcast ring, respectively but not to other broadcast modules in the broadcast rings, said internal inputs and output providing for signal flow between the broadcast modules in the broadcast ring, with at least one of the i ot internal outputs of the broadcast module ring linked to at least one of the i is internal inputs of another broadcast module, and every broadcast module in the broadcast ring having an internal output of another broadcast module linked to one of its i is internal inputs such that open connecting paths are formed between the P broadcast modules.

Claim 49

A broadcast hyper-ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧3 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is , and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to at least one of the inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast module linked to one of its inputs; each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and J switches, where J ≧O, said broadcast modules and switches are linked such that a signal that is inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring at one of the e iq input ports can be outputted out of the broadcast hyper-ring at L of the e or output ports, where L is an integer and 2≦L≦e or , but each output port can only output the signal inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring from one external input port at any given time, said broadcast modules and switching stages capable of directing the signals from more than one of the e iq input ports to desired output ports at any given time such that open connecting paths are formed between the P broadcast modules.

Claim 50

A broadcast hyper-ring comprising: P broadcast modules where P≧3 and is an integer, each broadcast module having e iq external inputs, and e or external outputs, and i is internal inputs and i ot internal outputs, where e iq , e or , i is , and i ot ≧1 and are integers, with at least one of the outputs of one of the P broadcast modules being linked to at least one of the inputs of at least 2 of the P-1 other broadcast modules, and every broadcast module in the broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast hyper-ring having an output of another broadcast module linked to one of its inputs; each broadcast module having means for connecting an input port of the e iq and i is input ports to Q of the e or and i ot output ports, where Q is an integer and 1≦Q≦e or +i ot , and each output port is only connected to one input port but more than one output port can be connected to an input port; and J switches, where J ≧O, said broadcast modules and switches are linked such that a signal that is inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring at one of the e iq input ports can be outputted out of the broadcast hyper-ring at L of the e or output ports, where L is an integer and 2≦L≦e or , but each output port can only output the signal inputted into the broadcast hyper-ring from one external input port at any given time, said broadcast modules and switching stages capable of directing the signals from more than one of the e iq input ports to desired output ports at any given time such that open connecting paths are formed between the P broadcast modules.