US4970092A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Wear resistant coating of cutting tool and methods of applying same
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1988-04-13
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Granted: 1990-11-13
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Expires: 2008-04-13
Abstract
Abstract A wear-resistant coating of a cutting tool has at least a single layer of an interstitial phase which comprises alloying components and a non-metallic one the content which falls within the boundaries of a region wherein a compound of this interstitial phase having the greatest thermodynamic stability is homogeneous. One of the alloying components functions as a catalyst which facilitates the compound with the high thermodynamic stability to form. A method of applying the wear-resistant coating to a cutting tool provides for condensing matter by virtue of ion bombardment and consists in introducing the catalyst into a vacuum by evaporating the material of a cathode and depositing a layer of coating on the base material of the cutting tool at a temperature thereof which permits a catalytic reaction to take place owing whereto the content of the non-metallic component falls within the boundaries of a region wherein the compound with the high thermodynamic stability is homogenous.
Inventors
- 👤 Alexei G. Gavrilov
- 👤 Viktor P. Zhed
- 👤 Elena I. Kurbatova
- 👤 Andrei K. Sinelschikov
- 👤 Evdokia M. Sokolovskaya
- 👤 Vladimir B. Bozhukov
- 👤 Albert M. Boyarunas
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-08 00:02
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C14/00; C23C14/02; C23C14/021; C23C14/022; C23C14/22; C23C14/24; C23C14/32; C23C14/325; C23C30/00; C23C30/005
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 13
Claim 1
Independent Claim
303 words
A method of applying a wear-resistant coating having a homogeneous interstitial phase to a cutting tool utilizing ionic bombardment which comprises (a) evaporating a cathode material by an electric arc in a vacuum deposition zone to form metallic ions of the cathode material; (b) applying a bias voltage to the cutting tool in the vacuum deposition zone; (c) heating and cleaning said cutting tool with bombarding ions of said cathode which is being evaporated; (d) decreasing said bias voltage to a value at which said coating can be formed on said cutting tool and the temperature of said cutting tool is lowered at the same time to a temperature for a catalytic reaction for formation of a homogeneous interstitial phase; (e) bombarding the cutting tool at the decreased bias voltage with said metallic ions of the at least one metal which form an interstitial phase with the non metal reactant; (f) introducing a non-metal reagent gas into said vacuum deposition zone; introducing a catalyst into said vacuum comprising the catalyst whereby said gas reacts with the ions of the at least one metal in the presence of said catalyst to form a layer of an interstitial phase compound having high thermodynamic stability; and (g) depositing a coating which is formed by the reaction of the metal ions with the non-metal reagent gas, in the presence of the catalyst to form a compound having the highest thermodynamic stability, wherein the catalyst and the compound are selected from the following combinations: (i) when the catalyst contains molybdenum the compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium oxicarbide, titanium carbide, titanium diboride, chromium nitride and niobium carbonitride; (ii) when the catalyst contains niobium the compound is molybdenum carbide or molybdenum carbonitride; and (iii) when the cataylst contains magnesium, the compound is aluminum nitride.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
303 words
A method of applying a wear-resistant coating having a homogeneous interstitial phase to a cutting tool utilizing ionic bombardment which comprises (a) evaporating a cathode material by an electric arc in a vacuum deposition zone to form metallic ions of the cathode material; (b) applying a bias voltage to the cutting tool in the vacuum deposition zone; (c) heating and cleaning said cutting tool with bombarding ions of said cathode which is being evaporated; (d) decreasing said bias voltage to a value at which said coating can be formed on said cutting tool and the temperature of said cutting tool is lowered at the same time to a temperature for a catalytic reaction for formation of a homogeneous interstitial phase; (e) bombarding the cutting tool at the decreased bias voltage with said metallic ions of the at least one metal which form an interstitial phase with the non metal reactant; (f) introducing a non-metal reagent gas into said vacuum deposition zone; introducing a catalyst into said vacuum comprising the catalyst whereby said gas reacts with the ions of the at least one metal in the presence of said catalyst to form a layer of an interstitial phase compound having high thermodynamic stability; and (g) depositing a coating which is formed by the reaction of the metal ions with the non-metal reagent gas, in the presence of the catalyst to form a compound having the highest thermodynamic stability, wherein the catalyst and the compound are selected from the following combinations: (i) when the catalyst contains molybdenum the compound is selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium oxicarbide, titanium carbide, titanium diboride, chromium nitride and niobium carbonitride; (ii) when the catalyst contains niobium the compound is molybdenum carbide or molybdenum carbonitride; and (iii) when the cataylst contains magnesium, the compound is aluminum nitride.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method of claim 1 wherein said non-metal reagent gas comprises nitrogen and said catalyst is introduced by evaporating a cathode made of a molybdenum-containing chromium alloy, to form an interstitial phase containing chromium nitride.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method of claim 1 wherein said non-metal reagent gas comprises nitrogen and said catalyst is introduced by evaporating a cathode made of a molybdenum-containing niobium alloy to form an interstitial phase containing niobium carbonitride.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method of claim 1 wherein said non-metal reagent gas comprises nitrogen and said catalyst is introduced by evaporating a cathode made of a magnesium-containing aluminum alloy to form an interstitial phase containing aluminum nitride.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method of claim 1 wherein said non-metal reagent gas comprises nitrogen and said catalyst is introduced by evaporating a cathode made of a niobium-containing molybdenum alloy to form an interstitial phase containing molybdenum carbide or molybdenum carbonitride.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
A method of applying a wear-resistant coating to a cutting tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein said coating is deposited on said cutting tool of 350° C.-400° C. when said cutting tool comprises high-speed cast steel.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
44 words
A method of applying a wear-resistant coating to a cutting tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein said coating is deposited on said cutting tool at a temperature of said cutting tool of 300° C.-350° C. when said cutting tool comprises high-speed steel powder.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
45 words
A method of applying a wear-resistant coating to a cutting tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein said coating is deposited on said cutting tool at a temperature of said cutting tool of 550° C.-650° C. when said cutting tool comprises a non-metallic refractory composition.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
50 words
A method of applying a wear-resistant coating to a cutting tool as claimed in claim 1 wherein said coating interstitial phase comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of titanium nitride, titanium carbide, titanium oxycarbide and titanium diboride; and said material of said cathode is a molybdenum-containing titanium alloy.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method of claim 1 wherein the ions of a metal which forms an interstitial phase comprises chromium, the gas comprising the nitrogen, the catalyst comprises molybdenum and the interstitial phase comprises chromium nitride.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method of claim 1 wherein the ions of the at least one metal are provided by forming an arc with an alloy of the at least one metal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method of claim 11 wherein the catalyst is at least one of the metals contained in the alloy of the at least one metal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4734178A
Cited
US4729905A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-11-12 | 1994-05-14 | 1994-11-13 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-11-12 | 1998-05-14 | 1998-11-13 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-11-12 | 2002-05-14 | 2002-11-13 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |