US4968397A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Non-cyanide electrode cleaning process
Assignee: Motorola Solutions Inc
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Filing: 1989-11-27
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Granted: 1990-11-06
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Expires: 2009-11-27
Abstract
Abstract An electrolytic process employing a water solution of metal lactates or lactic acid and metal hydroxides, rapidly and safely removes metal plating bleed, residual oxides or the like (stains), plastic flash, resin bleed and deflashing media, from electrodes of electronic devices. Anodic etching or a combination of cathodic and anodic etching is preferred. Noble metals are selectively removed without cyanide compounds. For example, excess silver from spot plating on copper leadframes is etched away 2-3 times faster than the underlying copper. After cleaning the device leads are bright, polished, stain-free and without scale, residual plating bleed, deflashing media, plastic flash or resin bleed. The process is effective, less hazardous, easy to use and economical.
Inventors
- 👤 Reginald K. Asher
- 👤 Duane C. Endicott
- 👤 Beng L. Lim
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 01:20
CPC Classifications
H; H10; H10W; H10W95/00; C; C25; C25F; C25F1/00; C25F5/00; H10W70/00; H10W70/01; H10W70/04; H10W70/045; H10W72/00; H10W72/01; H10W72/015; H10W72/01571; H10W72/071; H10W72/075; H10W72/07511; H10W90/00; H10W90/701; H10W90/751; H10W90/756
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 28
Claim 1
Independent Claim
86 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising: providing leads of a first metal having thereon a plated region of a second metal, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises silver or other noble metal; and immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution to remove silver or other noble metal at a rate faster than the removal rate of copper.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
86 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising: providing leads of a first metal having thereon a plated region of a second metal, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises silver or other noble metal; and immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution to remove silver or other noble metal at a rate faster than the removal rate of copper.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in a solution comprising lactic acid and a hydroxide of a metal from columns 1A or 2A of the periodic table.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 2 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in a solution comprising lactic acid and potassium or sodium hydroxide or a combination thereof.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the applying step comprises making the leads anodic with respect to the reference electrode for a predetermined first time.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in a solution having proportions comprising about 10-30% by volume of about 60% concentration potassium or sodium lactate or a combination thereof in water.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
46 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in a pollution having proportions comprising about 10 to 30 liters of lactic acid and about 5 to 30 Kgms of KOH or NaOH or a combination thereof in water per 100 liters of solution.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
71 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in a solution having proportions comprising about 10 to 30 liters of lactic acid and about 5 to 30 Kgms of KOH, NaOH or a mixture thereof in water, or an equivalent solution of potassium or sodium lactate in water, together with sufficient other inorganic acid to give a pH in the range of 1.4-2, per 100 liters of solution.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in the solution for a cleaning time in the range of about 2-200 seconds.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in the solution for a cleaning time in the range of about 10-40 seconds.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the immersing step comprises immersing in a solution having a pH in the range of 1.4-7.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
89 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising, providing leads of a first metal having a plated region of a second metal, immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the applying step comprises first making the leads cathodic with respect to the reference electrode for a predetermined first time and then making the leads anodic with respect to the reference electrode for a predetermined second time.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
89 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising, providing leads of a first metal having a plated region of a second metal, immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the applying step comprises first making the leads cathodic with respect to the reference electrode for a predetermined first time and then making the leads anodic with respect to the reference electrode for a predetermined second time.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
151 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising, providing leads of a first metal having thereon a plate region of a second metal, immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the immersing step comprises first immersing in a first solution having proportions comprising about 3-6 Kgms KOH, NaOH or mixture thereof in water per 100 liters of the first solution and applying cathodic potential to the leads, and then immersing the leads in a second solution having proportions comprising about 10 to 30 liters of lactic acid and about 5 to 30 Kgms of KOH or NaOH or a combination thereof in water per 100 liters of the second solution or an equivalent solution of potassium or sodium lactate in water and applying anodic potential to the leads.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
151 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising, providing leads of a first metal having thereon a plate region of a second metal, immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the immersing step comprises first immersing in a first solution having proportions comprising about 3-6 Kgms KOH, NaOH or mixture thereof in water per 100 liters of the first solution and applying cathodic potential to the leads, and then immersing the leads in a second solution having proportions comprising about 10 to 30 liters of lactic acid and about 5 to 30 Kgms of KOH or NaOH or a combination thereof in water per 100 liters of the second solution or an equivalent solution of potassium or sodium lactate in water and applying anodic potential to the leads.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
83 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising, providing leads of a first metal having thereon a plated region of a second metal, immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the applying step comprises applying a cathodic and anodic voltage to the leads wherein the relative cathodic and anodic time durations are in proportion of about 1:1 to 1:2, respectively.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
83 words
A method for cleaning leads of electronic devices comprising, providing leads of a first metal having thereon a plated region of a second metal, immersing the leads in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, and applying an electrical potential between the leads and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the applying step comprises applying a cathodic and anodic voltage to the leads wherein the relative cathodic and anodic time durations are in proportion of about 1:1 to 1:2, respectively.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
75 words
A method for treating parts of a first metal having thereon an exposed region of a second metal to remove the exposed second metal, comprising, immersing the metal parts in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent, and applying an electrical potential between the metal parts and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises silver of another noble metal.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
75 words
A method for treating parts of a first metal having thereon an exposed region of a second metal to remove the exposed second metal, comprising, immersing the metal parts in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent, and applying an electrical potential between the metal parts and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises silver of another noble metal.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 14 wherein the applying step comprises applying anodic potential to the metal parts.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
92 words
A method for treating metal parts of a first metal having thereon an exposed region of a second metal, to remove at least part of the exposed second metal, comprising, immersing the metal pear in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent, and applying an electrical potential between the metal parts and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises a noble metal, and wherein the applying step comprises first applying cathodic potential to the metal parts.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
92 words
A method for treating metal parts of a first metal having thereon an exposed region of a second metal, to remove at least part of the exposed second metal, comprising, immersing the metal pear in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent, and applying an electrical potential between the metal parts and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises a noble metal, and wherein the applying step comprises first applying cathodic potential to the metal parts.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for treating metal parts of a first metal having thereon an exposed region of a second metal, to remove at least part of the exposed second metal, comprising, immersing the metal part in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent, and applying an electrical potential between the metal parts and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises a noble metal, and further, prior to the immersing and applying steps, placing the parts in another solution comprising a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent wherein the parts are subjected to a cathodic potential, and then performing the immersing an applying steps wherein anodic potential is applied to the parts.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for treating metal parts of a first metal having thereon an exposed region of a second metal, to remove at least part of the exposed second metal, comprising, immersing the metal part in a solution comprising lactic acid and a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent, and applying an electrical potential between the metal parts and a reference electrode contacting the solution, wherein the first metal comprises copper and the second metal comprises a noble metal, and further, prior to the immersing and applying steps, placing the parts in another solution comprising a metal hydroxide and a polar solvent wherein the parts are subjected to a cathodic potential, and then performing the immersing an applying steps wherein anodic potential is applied to the parts.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
54 words
A method for cleaning copper leads that have exposed silver thereon comprising: immersing the leads in a cleaning solution comprising a polar solvent in which has been dissolved lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, or a metal lactate; and applying an anodic potential to the leads to to remove silver more rapidly than copper.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
54 words
A method for cleaning copper leads that have exposed silver thereon comprising: immersing the leads in a cleaning solution comprising a polar solvent in which has been dissolved lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, or a metal lactate; and applying an anodic potential to the leads to to remove silver more rapidly than copper.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for cleaning copper leads that have exposed silver thereon comprising, immersing the leads in a clean solution comprising a polar solvent in which has been dissolved lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, or a metal lactate, and applying an anodic potential to the leads, and further comprising prior to the immersing and applying steps, placing the leads in another solution comprising a metal hydroxide a a polar solvent wherein the leads are subjected to a cathodic potential.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
79 words
A method for cleaning copper leads that have exposed silver thereon comprising, immersing the leads in a clean solution comprising a polar solvent in which has been dissolved lactic acid and a metal hydroxide, or a metal lactate, and applying an anodic potential to the leads, and further comprising prior to the immersing and applying steps, placing the leads in another solution comprising a metal hydroxide a a polar solvent wherein the leads are subjected to a cathodic potential.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US3912603A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-11-05 | 1994-05-07 | 1994-11-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-11-05 | 1998-05-07 | 1998-11-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-11-05 | 2002-05-07 | 2002-11-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |