US4960324A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Electrochromic, oxygen deficient metal oxide films provided by pyrolytic deposition
Assignee: Ford Motor Co
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Filing: 1988-10-05
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Granted: 1990-10-02
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Expires: 2008-10-05
Abstract
Abstract This invention is directed to electrochromic devices wherein a layer of cathodic electrochromic material comprising non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient metal oxides is provided by pyrolytic deposition techniques. The pyrolytic deposition is of a compound comprising a powdered metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition and a reducing agent. The pyrolytic deposition can also be accomplished by a powdered composition or a liquid composition dispersed in a carrier gas.
Inventors
- 👤 Franklin I. Brown
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 05:13
CPC Classifications
C; C03; C03C; C03C17/00; C03C17/22; C03C17/23; C03C17/25; C03C17/34; C03C17/3411; C03C17/3417; G; G02; G02F; G02F1/00; G02F1/01; G02F1/15; G02F1/1514; G02F1/1523; G02F1/1524; C03C2217/00; C03C2217/20; C03C2217/21; C03C2217/217; C03C2217/219; C03C2217/228; C03C2217/229; C03C2218/00; C03C2218/10; C03C2218/11; C03C2218/112; C03C2218/15; C03C2218/152; C03C2218/17; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S359/00; Y10S359/90
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
172 words
An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F. and said metal oxide composition is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition which is selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
172 words
An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F. and said metal oxide composition is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition which is selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said surface is at a temperature between about 700° F. and about 1100° F.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the metal oxide of said electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide and mixtures of any of them.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
49 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer are individually selected from electrode material consisting essentially of doped or undoped (a) tin oxide, (b) indium oxide, (c) indium tin oxide, (d) zinc oxide, and (e) mixtures of any of them.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
An electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein said ion conductive layer is selected from a material comprising alkali metal compounds.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
23 words
An electrochromic device according to claim 5, wherein said alkali metal compounds are selected from compounds comprising nitrates and chlorides of alkali metals.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
195 words
An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and during the pyrolytic deposition of said electrochromic layer the ambient, near the surface of said one electrode or ion conductive material on which said electrochromic layer is being deposited, comprises an inert gas.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
195 words
An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and during the pyrolytic deposition of said electrochromic layer the ambient, near the surface of said one electrode or ion conductive material on which said electrochromic layer is being deposited, comprises an inert gas.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F. and said metal oxide composition is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition which is selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
179 words
A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F. and said metal oxide composition is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition which is selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent or a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a reducing agent.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 8, wherein said surface is at a temperature between about 700° F. and about 1100° F.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 8, wherein the metal oxide of said electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide and mixtures of any of them.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 8 wherein said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer are individually selected from electrode material consisting essentially of doped or undoped (a) tin oxide, (b) indium oxide, (c) indium tin oxide, (d) zinc oxide, and (e) mixtures of any of them.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 8, wherein said ion conductive layer is selected from a material comprising alkali metal compounds.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 12, wherein said alkali metal are selected from compounds comprising nitrates and chlorides of alkali metals.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
201 words
A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° and 1200° F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and during the pyrolytic deposition of said electrochromic layer the ambient, near the surface of said one electrode or ion conductive material on which said electrochromic layer is being deposited, comprises an inert gas.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
201 words
A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° and 1200° F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and during the pyrolytic deposition of said electrochromic layer the ambient, near the surface of said one electrode or ion conductive material on which said electrochromic layer is being deposited, comprises an inert gas.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
181 words
An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and said composition is dispersed in a carrier gas comprising gas selected from an inert gas and a reducing gas.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
181 words
An electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, wherein said electrochromic layer comprises a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F., and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and said composition is dispersed in a carrier gas comprising gas selected from an inert gas and a reducing gas.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 15, wherein the metal oxide of said electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and mixtures of any of them.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
49 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 15, wherein said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer are individually selected from electrode material consisting essentially of doped or undoped (a) tin oxide, (b) indium oxide, (c) indium tin oxide, (d) zinc oxide, and (e) mixtures of any of them.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 15, wherein said ion conductive layer is selected from a material comprising alkali metal compounds.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
13 words
An electrochromic device according to claim 7, wherein said inert gas is nitrogen.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
34 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 7, wherein the metal oxide of said electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and mixtures of any of them.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
49 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 7, wherein said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer are individually selected from electrode material consisting essentially of doped or undoped (a) tin oxide, (b) indium oxide, (c) indium tin oxide, (d) zinc oxide, and (e) mixtures of any of them.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
The electrochromic device according to claim 7, wherein said ion conductive layer is selected from a material comprising alkali metal compounds.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
188 words
A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F. and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and said composition is dispersed in a carrier gas comprising gas selected from an inert gas and a reducing gas.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
188 words
A method for forming an electrochromic device comprising two substrates and therebetween one electrode layer, an electrochromic layer, an ion conductive layer, and another electrode layer in that order, at least one of said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer being transparent and each electrode layer being in contact with one of said substrates, said ion conductive layer comprising ion source means for providing ions into said electrochromic layer upon application of a voltage across said electrode layers, said method comprising providing said electrochromic layer comprising a non-stoichiometric, oxygen deficient, variable oxidation state metal oxide deposited by pyrolytic deposition onto a surface selected from a surface of said ion conductive layer and a surface of said electrode layer while said surface is at a temperature between 500° F. and 1200° F. and said metal oxide is deposited by pyrolytic deposition of a composition selected from a powdered composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and a liquid composition comprising a variable oxidation state metal compound and said composition is dispersed in a carrier gas comprising gas selected from an inert gas and a reducing gas.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 23, wherein the metal oxide of said electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and mixtures of any of them.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 23, wherein said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer are individually selected from electrode material consisting essentially of doped or undoped (a) tin oxide, (b) indium oxide, (c) indium tin oxide, (d) zinc oxide, and (e) mixtures of any of them.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 23, wherein said ion conductive layer is selected from a material comprising alkali metal compounds.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 14, wherein said inert gas is nitrogen.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 14, wherein the metal oxide of said electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, and mixtures of any of them.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
53 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 14, wherein said one electrode layer and said other electrode layer are individually selected from electrode material consisting essentially of doped or undoped (a) tin oxide, (b) indium oxide, (c) indium tin oxide, (d) zinc oxide, and (e) mixtures of any of them.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method for forming an electrochromic device according to claim 14, wherein said ion conductive layer is selected from a material comprising alkali metal compounds.
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