US4954176A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Pigment
Assignee: Toyota Motor Corp
•
Filing: 1988-10-03
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Granted: 1990-09-04
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Expires: 2008-10-03
Abstract
Abstract A pigment of this invention comprises a ceramic scaly substrate, and metal dots or alloy dots formed on the surfaces of ceramic scaly substrate in the ratio of from 0.05 to 95% of the total surface area of ceramic scaly substrate. An inorganic compound coating film may further be formed on all over the surfaces of ceramic scaly substrate, and metal dots or alloy dots may be formed on the surfaces of inorganic compound coating film instead of on the surfaces of ceramic scaly substrate in the same ratio. Thus, this pigment gives various hues with metallic gloss feelings due to combined effect of light reflection and light scattering with metal dots or alloy dots and even light interference with two pairs of reflecting surfaces when the inorganic compound coating film is employed.
Inventors
- 👤 Taketoshi Minohara
- 👤 Yoshio Takagi
- 👤 Tadashi Isobe
- 👤 Keita Suzuki
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-09 09:25
CPC Classifications
C; C09; C09C; C09C1/00; C09C1/0078; C09C3/00; C09C3/06; C01; C01P; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/20; C01P2004/24; C01P2004/80; C01P2004/82; C01P2004/84
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 30
Claim 1
Independent Claim
40 words
A pigment comprising: a ceramic scaly substrate; and metal dots or metal alloy dots formed on the surfaces of said ceramic scaly substrate in a ratio of 0.05 to 95% of the total surface area of said ceramic scaly substrate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
40 words
A pigment comprising: a ceramic scaly substrate; and metal dots or metal alloy dots formed on the surfaces of said ceramic scaly substrate in a ratio of 0.05 to 95% of the total surface area of said ceramic scaly substrate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
49 words
A pigment according to claim 1, wherein said metal dots or metal alloy dots are selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), cobalt(Co), nickel-phosphorus (Ni--P) alloy, nickel-boron (Ni--B) alloy, nickel-cobalt-phosphorus (Ni--Co--P) alloy, nickel-tungsten-phosphorus (Ni--W--P) alloy, silver-gold (Ag--Au) alloy, and cobalt-phosphorus (Co--P) alloy.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
21 words
A pigment according to claim 1, wherein said ceramic scaly substrate comprises one of mica and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ).
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
32 words
A pigment according to claim 3, wherein said mica is a thin plate having the ratio of thickness to side length which falls approximately in the range of from 1/100 to 1/20.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
36 words
A pigment according to claim 3, wherein said mica is a thin plate having an average thickness of from 5×10 -2 to 10×10 -2 μm, and the average side length of from 3 to 50 μm.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
17 words
A pigment according to claim 3, wherein said mica is one of natural mica and synthetic mica.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
A pigment according to claim 6, wherein said natural mica is one of moscovite, biotite and phlogopite.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
62 words
A pigment comprising: a ceramic scaly substrate; a transparent inorganic compound coating film formed on all over the surfaces of said ceramic scaly substrate; and metal dots or metal alloy dots formed on the surfaces of said transparent inorganic compound coating film in a ratio of from 0.05 to 95% of the total surface area of said transparent inorganic compound coating film.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
62 words
A pigment comprising: a ceramic scaly substrate; a transparent inorganic compound coating film formed on all over the surfaces of said ceramic scaly substrate; and metal dots or metal alloy dots formed on the surfaces of said transparent inorganic compound coating film in a ratio of from 0.05 to 95% of the total surface area of said transparent inorganic compound coating film.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
50 words
A pigment according to claim 8, wherein said metal dots or metal alloy dots are selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), cobalt (Co), nickel-phosphorus (Ni--P) alloy, nickel-boron (Ni--B) alloy, nickel-cobalt-phosphorus (Ni--Co--P) alloy, nickel-tungsten-phosphorus (Ni--W--P) alloy, silver-gold (Ag--Au) alloy, and cobalt-phosphorus (Co--P) alloy.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
21 words
A pigment according to claim 8, wherein said ceramic scaly substrate comprises one of mica and molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ).
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A pigment according to claim 10, wherein said mica is a thin plate having a ratio of thickness to side length which falls approximately in a range of from 1/100 to 1/20.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
36 words
A pigment according to claim 10, wherein said mica is a thin plate having an average thickness of from 5×10 -2 to 10×10 -2 μm, and an average side length of from 3 to 50 μm.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
17 words
A pigment according to claim 10, wherein said mica is one of natural mica and synthetic mica.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
17 words
A pigment according to claim 13, wherein said natural mica is one of muscovite, biotite and phlogopite.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
41 words
A pigment according to claim 8, wherein said transparent inorganic compound coating film comprises at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ), and chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH) 3 ).
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
24 words
A pigment according to claim 8, wherein said transparent inorganic compound coating film has an average thickness of from 1×10 -2 to 1 μm.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
72 words
A pigment comprising: a ceramic scaly substrate; a transparent inorganic compound coating film formed on all over the surfaces of said ceramic scaly substrate; a transparent coloring film formed on all over the surfaces of said inorganic compound coating film; and metal dots or metal alloy dots formed on the surfaces of said coloring film in a ratio of from 0.05 to 95% of the total surface area of said coloring film.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
72 words
A pigment comprising: a ceramic scaly substrate; a transparent inorganic compound coating film formed on all over the surfaces of said ceramic scaly substrate; a transparent coloring film formed on all over the surfaces of said inorganic compound coating film; and metal dots or metal alloy dots formed on the surfaces of said coloring film in a ratio of from 0.05 to 95% of the total surface area of said coloring film.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
50 words
A pigment according to claim 17, wherein said metal dots or metal alloy dots are selected from the group consisting of silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), cobalt (Co), nickel-phosphorus (Ni--P) alloy, nickel-boron (Ni--B) alloy, nickel-cobalt-phosphorus (Ni--Co--P) alloy, nickel-tungsten-phosphorus (Ni--W--P) alloy, silver-gold (Ag--Au) alloy, and cobalt-phosphorus (Co--P) alloy.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
20 words
A pigment according to claim 17, wherein said ceramic scaly substrate comprises one of mica molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ).
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
32 words
A pigment according to claim 19, wherein said mica is a thin plate having a ratio of thickness to side length which falls approximately in a range of from 1/100 to 1/20.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
36 words
A pigment according to claim 19, wherein said mica is a thin plate having an average thickness of from 5×10 -2 to 10×10 -2 μm, and an average side length of from 3 to 50 μm.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
17 words
A pigment according to claim 19, wherein said mica is one of natural mica and synthetic mica.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
A pigment according to claim 22, wherein said natural mica is one of muscovite, biotite and phlogopite.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
41 words
A pigment according to claim 17, wherein said transparent inorganic compound coating film comprises at least one of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH) 3 ), and chromium hydroxide (Cr(OH) 3 ).
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
24 words
A pigment according to claim 17, wherein said transparent inorganic compound coating film has an average thickness of from 1×10 -2 to 1 μm.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
34 words
A pigment according to claim 17, wherein said transparent coloring film comprises one of chromium oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), iron blue pigment and carbon black.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
22 words
A pigment according to claim 17, wherein said transparent coloring film has an average thickness of from 1×10 -3 to 1 μm.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-09-03 | 1994-03-05 | 1994-09-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-09-03 | 1998-03-05 | 1998-09-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-09-03 | 2002-03-05 | 2002-09-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |