US4933952A — Asynchronous digital correlator and demodulators …

Claim 1

Independent Claim 302 words

An asynchronous, digital correlator to correlate a binary reference signal (REF) with a complex signal formed by a first carrier and second carrier (I, Q), modulated by a pseudo-random function and by an M-ary orthogonal encoding, said two carriers being sampled and digitized, said correlator comprising: a multiplexer to transmit, alternately, a value (I) of the first carrier, and a value (Q) of the second carrier, with a period equal to half their sampling period; a first digital filter adapted to the pseudo-random function (PN), comprising a chain of registers to store L consecutive bits of the reference signal (REF) and a chain of M correlation macro-cells receiving the sequence of multiplexed values of the first carrier and the second carrier (I and Q), each macro-cell computing the value (CPI0,..., CPI15) of a first function, called a partial correlation function, between N bits of the reference signal and N values of the first carrier (I), and then computing the value (CPQ0,..., CPQ15) of a second function, called a partial correlation function, between N bits of the reference signal and N values of the second carrier (Q), N being equal to L/M; a second digital filter adapted to at least one of the M-ary encoding codes and having computation means to determine the value of at least one linear combination of the values of the first functions of partial correlation (CPI0,... CPI15); and then to determine the value of a linear combination of the values of the second functions of partial correlation (CPQ0,..., CPQ15), the coefficients of the linear combination being unchanged and being equal to ±1; and having means to demultiplex the values of the two linear combinations (FIi, FQi), and to determine the modulus (Fi) of a vector having, as its components, the values of these two linear combinations (FIi, FQi).

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 302 words

An asynchronous, digital correlator to correlate a binary reference signal (REF) with a complex signal formed by a first carrier and second carrier (I, Q), modulated by a pseudo-random function and by an M-ary orthogonal encoding, said two carriers being sampled and digitized, said correlator comprising: a multiplexer to transmit, alternately, a value (I) of the first carrier, and a value (Q) of the second carrier, with a period equal to half their sampling period; a first digital filter adapted to the pseudo-random function (PN), comprising a chain of registers to store L consecutive bits of the reference signal (REF) and a chain of M correlation macro-cells receiving the sequence of multiplexed values of the first carrier and the second carrier (I and Q), each macro-cell computing the value (CPI0,..., CPI15) of a first function, called a partial correlation function, between N bits of the reference signal and N values of the first carrier (I), and then computing the value (CPQ0,..., CPQ15) of a second function, called a partial correlation function, between N bits of the reference signal and N values of the second carrier (Q), N being equal to L/M; a second digital filter adapted to at least one of the M-ary encoding codes and having computation means to determine the value of at least one linear combination of the values of the first functions of partial correlation (CPI0,... CPI15); and then to determine the value of a linear combination of the values of the second functions of partial correlation (CPQ0,..., CPQ15), the coefficients of the linear combination being unchanged and being equal to ±1; and having means to demultiplex the values of the two linear combinations (FIi, FQi), and to determine the modulus (Fi) of a vector having, as its components, the values of these two linear combinations (FIi, FQi).

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 214 words

A correlator according to claim 1, wherein each correlation macro-cell has a systolic structure comprising: a plurality of rows of N correlation cells, each cell receiving a bit (X0,..., X3) of multiplexed values (I, Q) and retransmitting this bit to a neighbouring cell in the same row, with a delay equal to a sampling half-period; receiving a bit (R15, R15,..., R0, R0) of the reference signal and retransmitting this bit to a homologous cell in the previous line; giving, with a delay equal to one sampling half-period, a carry-over bit (Cout) to a homologous cell in the following row; receiving a partial correlation result bit (Sin), given by the following cell in the same row; giving, with a delay equal to a sampling half-period, a partial correlation result bit (Sout), to the cell that precedes it in the same row; and wherein each row of N correlation cells further comprises: a chain of registers to delay the partial correlation result bit (SO,..., S7) that it gives, with a delay depending on the rank of the row in the macro-cell; a chain of registers to delay the bit (X0,..., X3) of the multiplexed values (I, Q) that it receives, by a delay which is a function of the rank of the row in the macro-cell.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 170 words

A correlator according to claim 2, wherein each correlation cell has: an exclusive-NOR gate, of which one input receives a bit (Xin) of a value (I, Q) of the multiplexed signals, and one input receives a bit (R) of the reference signal; a flip-flop retransmitting said bit (Xin) of a value of the multiplexed signals, under the control of a clock signal (CKS) at a frequency which is twice the sampling frequency; an adder, of which one input is connected to the output of the exclusive-NOR gate; one output receives a partial correlation result bit (Sin) given by the following cell on the same line; and one output receives a carry-over bit (Cin) given by the homologous cell in the previous line; a flip-flop retransmitting a partial correlation result bit (Sout) given by a first output of the adder, under the control of the clock signal (CKS); a flip-flop retransmitting a carry-over bit (Cout) given by a second output of the adder, under the control of the clock signal (CKS).

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 176 words

A digital demodulator to demodulate a complex signal consisting of a first carrier and a second carrier (I, Q), in quadrature, which has its spectrum spread by a pseudo-random function and which is modulated by an M-ary orthogonal encoding, according to a PSK or MSK or QPSK modulation; wherein the correlator according to any one of the claims 1 to 3, receives a reference signal (REF) formed by a pseudo-random signal (PN) identical to the one that has been used to spread the spectrum and given by a pseudo-random signal generator; and wherein the second filter has means: to compute the values (FIn, FQn) of a first linear combination and a second linear combination of functions of partial correlation, to demultiplex these two values and to compute the modulus (Fn) of a vector having, as its components, these two values, for each of the M M-ary codes; and further comprising means to determine the greatest modulus (Fj) from among these M moduli and to deduce, therefrom, that code (j) which modulates the two carriers (I, Q).

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 185 words

A digital demodulator to demodulate a complex signal formed by a first carrier and a second carrier, in quadrature, the spectrum of which is spread by a pseudo-random function, and which are modulated by an M-ary orthogonal encoding, according to a PSK or MSK or QPSK modulation; comprising: a correlator according to any one of the claims 1 to 3; a generator giving a pseudo-random, binary signal identical to the one that has been used to spread the spectrum; a generator of M-ary orthogonal codes, giving a binary signal according to one of these codes; an exclusive-OR gate to give the correlator a reference signal (REF') formed by the product of the binary signals (PN, Wi) respectively given by the two generators; and wherein the second filter of the correlator has means to compute the values (FIi, FQi) of a first linear combination and a second linear combination of functions of partial correlation, to demultiplex these two values and to compute the modulus (Fn) of a vector having, as its components, these two values, for at least one of the M M-ary codes (Wi, Wh).

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 216 words

A demodulator according to claim 5, to demodulate a complex signal formed by a first carrier and a second carrier (I, Q), in quadrature, the spectrum of which is spread by a pseudo-random function, and which are modulated by an M-ary Walsh encoding, wherein the computing means to sucessively compute the value (FIi, FQi) of a first linear combination and a second linear combination of the functions of partial correlation (CPI0',..., CPI15', CPQ0',..., CPQ15') comprise: a plurality of adders to add all the values (CPI0', CPI2',..., CPI14'; CPQ0', CPQ2', CPQ14') of the functions of partial correlation having even rank; a plurality of adders to add all the values (CPI1', CPI3',..., CPI15'; CPQ1', CPQ3', CPQ15') of the functions of partial correlation having odd rank; an adder to add the values given by these two pluralities of adders and thus successively give the value (FIi, FQi) of a first component and a second component of the function of correlation for a first Walsh code (Wi) which is the one given by the generator of codes; a subtractor to subtract, from one another, the values given by the two pluralities of adders and thus successively give the value (FIh, FQh) of a first component and a second component of the function of correlation for a second Walsh code (Wh).

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1993-06-11	1993-12-11	1994-06-12	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1997-06-11	1997-12-11	1998-06-12	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2001-06-11	2001-12-11	2002-06-12	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Asynchronous digital correlator and demodulators including a correlator of this type

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