Low float technology battery

Claim 3

The method of claim 1 wherein the cell is antimony-free.

Claim 4

The method of claim 2 wherein the cell comprises at least one plate whose grid comprises an alloy of lead and calcium.

Claim 5

The method of claim 1 wherein the cell is a wet cell.

Claim 6

The method of claim 1 wherein the cell is a recombinant cell.

Claim 7

The method of claim 3 wherein the cell contains at least one negative plate that is depolarized with platinum.

Claim 8

The method of claim 1 wherein the cell comprises at least one separator between at least one positive plate and at least one negative plate.

Claim 9

The method of claim 7 wherein the separator comprises silica-filled polyethylene.

Claim 10

The method of claim 1 wherein the cell is maintained at a positive plate polarization of about forty (40) millivolts.

Claim 11

The method of claim 1 wherein the cell is maintained at a positive plate polarization of about twenty-five (25) millivolts.

Claim 14

The method of claim 11 wherein the cell is antimony-free.

Claim 15

The method of claim 12 wherein the cell comprises at least one plate whose grid comprises an alloy of lead and calcium.

Claim 16

The method of claim 11 wherein the cell is a wet cell.

Claim 17

The method of claim 11 wherein the cell is a recombinant cell.

Claim 18

The method of claim 13 wherein the cell contains at least one negative plate that is depolarized with platinum.

Claim 19

The method of claim 1 wherein the cell comprises at least one separator between at least one positive plate and at least one negative plate.

Claim 20

The method of claim 17 wherein the separator comprises a silica-filled polyethylene.

Claim 21

The method of claim 11 wherein the cell is maintained at a positive plate polarization of about forty (40) millivolts.

Claim 22

The method of claim 11 wherein the cell is maintained at a positive plate polarization of about twenty-five (25) millivolts.

Claim 23

In a system comprising electrical apparatus and a battery for providing stand-by D.C. voltage for said apparatus in the event of interruption of conventional sixty (60) hertz A.C. public utility service electrical current said system including: A. rectification means, receiving a conventional (public utility) sixty (60) hertz A.C. voltage for converting said A.C. to D.C. voltage suitable for use by the electrical apparatus; B. an electrical apparatus, receiving said D.C. voltage and using said D.C. voltage for functioning of said apparatus; C. a battery containing lead-acid electrochemical cells connected in series; D. connection of said battery and said apparatus in parallel across output terminals of the rectification means; E. connection of said battery and said apparatus such that on interruption of D.C. voltage from the rectification means, the string would provide D.C. voltage to the apparatus in the same direction of current flow as previously provided by said rectification means; the improvement comprising said battery containing a sufficient number of cells in series so that the cells are maintained at about twenty (20) to about forty (40) millivolts positive plate polarization per cell by the D.C. voltage from said rectification means.

Claim 24

In a system comprising electrical apparatus and a battery for providing stand-by D.C. voltage for said apparatus in the event of interruption of conventional sixty (60) hertz A.C. public utility service electrical current said system including: A. rectification means, receiving a conventional (public utility) sixty (60) hertz A.C. voltage for converting said A.C. to D.C. voltage suitable for use by the electrical apparatus; B. an electrical apparatus, receiving said D.C. voltage and using said D.C. voltage for functioning of said apparatus; C. a battery containing lead-acid electrochemical cells connected in series; D. connection of said battery and said apparatus in parallel across output terminals of the rectification means; E. connection of said battery and said apparatus such that on interruption of D.C. voltage from the rectification means, the string would provide D.C. voltage to the apparatus in the same direction of current flow as previously provided by said rectification means; the improvement comprising said battery containing a sufficient number of cells in series so that the cells are maintained at about twenty (20) to about forty (40) millivolts positive plate polarization per cell by the D.C. voltage from said rectification means.

Claim 25

The system of claim 21 wherein the cells are antimony-free.

Claim 26

The system of claim 22 wherein the cells comprise at least one plate whose grid comprises an alloy of lead and calcium.

Claim 27

The system of claim 21 wherein the cells are wet cells.

Claim 28

The system of claim 21 wherein the cells are recombinant cells.

Claim 29

The system of claim 23 wherein the cells contain at least one negative plate that is depolarized with platinum.

Claim 30

The system of claim 21 wherein the cells comprise at least one separator between at least one positive plate and at least one negative plate.

Claim 31

The system of claim 27 wherein the separator comprises silica-filled polyethylene.

Claim 32

The system of claim 21 wherein the cells are maintained at a positive plate polarization of about forty (40) millivolts per cell.

Claim 33

The system of claim 21 wherein the cells are maintained at a positive plate polarization of about twenty-five (25) millivolts per cell.

Claim 34

The system of claim 21 wherein the string comprises twenty-five (25) cells in series.

Claim 35

The system of claim 21 wherein the electrical apparatus operates in a voltage range of about forty-five (45) to about 53.5 volts.

Claim 36

In a telephone switching system, including a battery for providing stand-by D.C. voltage for telephone switching apparatus connected to a telephone communications network in the event of interruption of conventional sixty (60) hertz A.C. public utility service electrical current apparatus, said switching system including: A. rectification means, receiving a conventional public utility sixty (60) hertz A.C. electrical voltage for converting said A.C. voltage to D.C. voltage of about forty-five (45) to about 53.5 volts; B. a telephone switching apparatus, receiving said D.C. voltage and using said D.C. voltage for providing telephone switching to and as required by a telephone communication network; C. a battery containing lead-acid electrochemical cells connected in series; D. connection of said battery and said apparatus in parallel across output terminals of the rectification means; E. connection of said battery and said apparatus such that, on interruption of D.C. voltage from the rectification means, the current would provide D.C. voltage to the switching apparatus in the same direction of current flow as previously provided by said rectification means; the improvement comprising said battery containing a sufficient number of cells is series so that the cells are maintained at about twenty (20) to about forty (40) millivolts positive plate polarization per cell by the D.C. voltage from the rectification means.

Claim 37

In a telephone switching system, including a battery for providing stand-by D.C. voltage for telephone switching apparatus connected to a telephone communications network in the event of interruption of conventional sixty (60) hertz A.C. public utility service electrical current apparatus, said switching system including: A. rectification means, receiving a conventional public utility sixty (60) hertz A.C. electrical voltage for converting said A.C. voltage to D.C. voltage of about forty-five (45) to about 53.5 volts; B. a telephone switching apparatus, receiving said D.C. voltage and using said D.C. voltage for providing telephone switching to and as required by a telephone communication network; C. a battery containing lead-acid electrochemical cells connected in series; D. connection of said battery and said apparatus in parallel across output terminals of the rectification means; E. connection of said battery and said apparatus such that, on interruption of D.C. voltage from the rectification means, the current would provide D.C. voltage to the switching apparatus in the same direction of current flow as previously provided by said rectification means; the improvement comprising said battery containing a sufficient number of cells is series so that the cells are maintained at about twenty (20) to about forty (40) millivolts positive plate polarization per cell by the D.C. voltage from the rectification means.

Claim 38

The system of claim 33 wherein the cells are antimony-free.

Claim 39

The system of claim 34 wherein the cells comprise at least one positive plate whose grid comprises an allow of lead and calcium.

Claim 40

The system of claim 33 wherein the cells are wet cells.

Claim 41

The system of claim 33 wherein the cells are recombinant cells.

Claim 42

The system of claim 35 wherein the cells contain at least one negative plate that is depolarized with platinum.

Claim 43

The system of claim 33 wherein the cells comprise at least one separator between at least one positive plate and at least one negative plate.

Claim 44

The system of claim 39 wherein the separator comprises silica-filled polyethylene.

Claim 45

The system of claim 33 wherein the cells are maintained at a positive plate polarization of about twenty-five (25) millivolts.

Claim 46

The system of claim 33 wherein the battery comprises twenty-five (25) cells in series.

Claim 49

In a method of providing stand-by power for use by an electrical apparatus in the event of interruption in conventional sixty (60) hertz A.C. public utility electrical current service, including: A. continuously rectifying by a rectifying means said A.C. voltage to D.C. voltage suitable for use by the electrical apparatus. B. providing said D.C. voltage resulting from continuous rectification to said electrical apparatus; C. positioning a battery containing lead-acid electrochemical cells, connected in series and said electrical apparatus in parallel across output terminals of the rectifying means; D. positioning said battery and said apparatus such that, on interruption of output from said rectifying means, the battery will provide voltage suitable for use by the electrical apparatus in the same electrical current direction as previously provided by said rectifying means; the improvement comprising E. maintaining said cells at a positive plate polarization of about twenty (20) to about forty (40) millivolts per cell while public utility electrical current is being supplied.

Claim 50

In a method of providing stand-by power for use by an electrical apparatus in the event of interruption in conventional sixty (60) hertz A.C. public utility electrical current service, including: A. continuously rectifying by a rectifying means said A.C. voltage to D.C. voltage suitable for use by the electrical apparatus. B. providing said D.C. voltage resulting from continuous rectification to said electrical apparatus; C. positioning a battery containing lead-acid electrochemical cells, connected in series and said electrical apparatus in parallel across output terminals of the rectifying means; D. positioning said battery and said apparatus such that, on interruption of output from said rectifying means, the battery will provide voltage suitable for use by the electrical apparatus in the same electrical current direction as previously provided by said rectifying means; the improvement comprising E. maintaining said cells at a positive plate polarization of about twenty (20) to about forty (40) millivolts per cell while public utility electrical current is being supplied.

Claim 51

The method of claim 44 wherein the electrical apparatus is a telephone switching apparatus.