US4891050A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Gasoline additives and gasoline containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in internal combustion engines
Assignee: Clean Diesel Technologies Inc
•
Filing: 1986-08-19
•
Granted: 1990-01-02
•
Expires: 2006-08-19
Abstract
Abstract The invention provides gasoline additive compositions comprising solutions of at least one fuel-soluble platinum group metal compound in a solvent miscible in the gasoline, the platinum group metal complex being present in an amount sufficient to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of the platinum group metal when added to a predetermined amount of gasoline. Preferred solvents are oxygenated hydrocarbons such as ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, and methyl tertiary butyl ether, and will preferably be employed in amounts of less than 5% of the weight of the gasoline to provide oxygen and the metal at a weight ratio of from 1,000:1 to 100,000:1. Especially preferred compounds are those of the formula: X M.sup.II R.sub.2 wherein X is a cyclooctadienyl ligand; M is a platinum group metal; and R is benzyl, phenyl or nitrobenzyl. The additive compositions and fuel treated therewith improve operating efficiency of internal combustion engines in terms of increased power output per unit of fuel burned and reduce the emissions of particulates and noxious gases such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide. The additives provide beneficial results upon immediate use and over long periods of continuous use.
Inventors
- 👤 Wayne E. Bowers
- 👤 Barry N. Sprague
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 13:35
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/14; C07; C07F; C07F15/00; C07F15/0006; C07F15/0086; C10L1/18; C10L1/1814; C10L1/30; C10L1/301; C10L1/305; C10L10/00; C10L10/02; C10L3/00; C10L3/003; C10L1/16; C10L1/1608; C10L1/182; C10L1/1822; C10L1/1824; C10L1/185; C10L1/1852; C10L1/1855; C10L1/1857; C10L1/22; C10L1/23; C10L1/231
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 20
Claim 1
Independent Claim
97 words
A method of reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of gasoline for powering internal combustion engines, comprising admixing with gasoline a fuel soluble organo-metallic fuel additive composition in an amount effective to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of platinum per part of fuel, said composition comprising a compound having the general formula XPtR.sub.1 R.sub.2 wherein X is a ligand containing at least one unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond with an olefinic, acetylenic or aromatic pi bond configuration and R 1 and R 2 are, independently, benzyl, phenyl, nitrobenzyl or alkyl having from 1-10 carbons.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
97 words
A method of reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of gasoline for powering internal combustion engines, comprising admixing with gasoline a fuel soluble organo-metallic fuel additive composition in an amount effective to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of platinum per part of fuel, said composition comprising a compound having the general formula XPtR.sub.1 R.sub.2 wherein X is a ligand containing at least one unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bond with an olefinic, acetylenic or aromatic pi bond configuration and R 1 and R 2 are, independently, benzyl, phenyl, nitrobenzyl or alkyl having from 1-10 carbons.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 1 wherein X is a dipyridyl or cyclooctadienyl ligand.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method of claim 1 wherein R 1 and R 2 are both methyl, phenyl or benzyl.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 1 wherein said fuel additive composition further comprises a fuel-soluble solvent for said platinum compound.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 4 wherein said platinum and said solvent are present in amounts sufficient to supply oxygen and metal at a weight ratio of from 1,000:1 to 100,000:1.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 5 wherein said solvent is an alcohol having from one to four carbon atoms and is employed at a level of from 0.25 to about 5 percent by weight of the fuel.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
40 words
The method of claim 4 wherein said alcohol is ethanol employed at a level up to about 1 percent of said composition and sad platinum is present at a level of from 0.05 to 0.5 parts per million parts fuel.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 4 wherein said solvent comprises ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tertiary butyl ether, or combinations of these.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 8 wherein R 1 and R 2 each comprise benzyl and said solvent comprises ethanol.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 8 wherein R 1 and R 2 each comprise nitrobenzyl and said solvent comprises tetrahydrofuran.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
13 words
The method of claim 8 wherein said solvent comprises methyl tertiary butyl ether.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
216 words
A method of increasing the utilizable energy of gasoline for powering internal combustion engines, comprising admixing with gasoline a fuel soluble organo-metallic fuel additive composition in an amount effective to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of platinum group metal per part of fuel, said composition comprising compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,2'-bis (N, N-dialkylamino) 1,1'-diphenyl metals of the general formula ##STR5## wherein M is platinum, palladium, rhodium or iridium; R 1 -R 4 are, independently, alkyl having from 1-10 carbons; and n is an integer from 1-5; tetrakis (alkoxy carbonyl) metal cycloalkenes of the general formula R.sub.2 MC.sub.4 (COOR.sub.1).sub.4 wherein M is a platinum, palladium, rhodium or iridium; R 1 is alkyl having from 1-5 carbons; and R 2 is cycloalkene having from 5-8 carbons and from 2-4 unsaturations in the ring structure; bis(cyclopentadiene) acetylene dipalladium compounds of the general formula (φC Cφ) (C.sub.5 φ.sub.5).sub.2 Pd.sub.2 wherein φ is phenyl; dialkyl dipyridyl metals of the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 M(C.sub.10 H.sub.8 N.sub.2) wherein R 1 and R 2 are alkyl having from 1-10 carbons; and M is platinum, palladium, rhodium or iridium; and bis (π-allyl) metals of the general formula (R--C.sub.3 H.sub.4).sub.2 M wherein M is platinum, palladium, iridium and rhodium; and R is hydrogen, aryl or alkyl having from 1-10 carbons.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
216 words
A method of increasing the utilizable energy of gasoline for powering internal combustion engines, comprising admixing with gasoline a fuel soluble organo-metallic fuel additive composition in an amount effective to supply from 0.01 to 1.0 parts per million of platinum group metal per part of fuel, said composition comprising compounds selected from the group consisting of 2,2'-bis (N, N-dialkylamino) 1,1'-diphenyl metals of the general formula ##STR5## wherein M is platinum, palladium, rhodium or iridium; R 1 -R 4 are, independently, alkyl having from 1-10 carbons; and n is an integer from 1-5; tetrakis (alkoxy carbonyl) metal cycloalkenes of the general formula R.sub.2 MC.sub.4 (COOR.sub.1).sub.4 wherein M is a platinum, palladium, rhodium or iridium; R 1 is alkyl having from 1-5 carbons; and R 2 is cycloalkene having from 5-8 carbons and from 2-4 unsaturations in the ring structure; bis(cyclopentadiene) acetylene dipalladium compounds of the general formula (φC Cφ) (C.sub.5 φ.sub.5).sub.2 Pd.sub.2 wherein φ is phenyl; dialkyl dipyridyl metals of the formula R.sub.1 R.sub.2 M(C.sub.10 H.sub.8 N.sub.2) wherein R 1 and R 2 are alkyl having from 1-10 carbons; and M is platinum, palladium, rhodium or iridium; and bis (π-allyl) metals of the general formula (R--C.sub.3 H.sub.4).sub.2 M wherein M is platinum, palladium, iridium and rhodium; and R is hydrogen, aryl or alkyl having from 1-10 carbons.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of 2,2'-bis (N,N-dimethylamino) 1,1'-diphenyl palladium; tetrakis (methoxy carbonyl) palladia cyclopentadiene; μ-diphenyl acetylene bis (η 5 -pentaphenyl cyclopentadiene) dipalladium; and bis (phenyl allyl) palladium.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 12 wherein said fuel additive composition further comprises a fuel-soluble solvent for said metal compound.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
30 words
The method of claim 14 wherein said metal and said solvent are present in amounts sufficient to supply oxygen and metal at a weight ratio of from 1,000:1 to 100,000:1.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
37 words
The method of claim 15 wherein said solvent is an alcohol having from one to four carbon atoms and is employed at a level of from 0.25 to about 5 percent of the weight of the fuel.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
40 words
The method of claim 16 wherein said alcohol is ethanol employed at a level up to about 1 percent of said composition and said metal is present at a level of from 0.05 to 0.5 parts per million parts fuel.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
The method of claim 14 wherein said solvent comprises ethanol, tetrahydrofuran, methyl tertiary butyl ether, or combinations of these.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2875223A
Cited
US4207078A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1993-01-01 | 1993-07-03 | 1994-01-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1997-01-01 | 1997-07-03 | 1998-01-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2001-01-01 | 2001-07-03 | 2002-01-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |