US4883057A
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US
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Cathodic electrochemical current arrangement with telemetric application
Assignee: Research Foundation of City University of New York
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Filing: 1986-09-09
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Granted: 1989-11-28
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Expires: 2006-09-09
Abstract
Abstract This invention relates to a method for producing a cathodic, or reduction, current used in an in vivo semidifferential, semiderivative and/or semiintegral electrochemical method for achieving routine, reliable, and reproducible measurements of the dynamics of neurochemicals and neurochemical-like materials for the purpose of medical diagnosis in the body and brain of animals and in human patients. The method of this invention also permits the detection of biological markers to delineate diseased states for purposes of preventative and therapeutic medicine. Telemetric applications and automated devices for diagnostic and monitoring purposes are also described.
Inventors
- 👤 Patricia A. Broderick
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 04:15
CPC Classifications
A; A61; A61B; A61B5/00; A61B5/145; A61B5/1468; A61B5/1473; A61B5/40; A61B5/4076; A61B5/14542; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S128/00; Y10S128/904
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
231 words
A method for measuring the rate of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo and in situ in a warm-blooded or cold-blooded animal brain or body comprising: connecting said brain or body to an electrical circuit comprising: an auxiliary electrode placed in contact with an outer layer of an organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; a reference electrode placed in contact with said outer layer of said organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; an indicator microelectrode which is packed with graphite paste and mineral oil modified with a compound selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof which is inserted into said organ or sub-organ's interior; a D.C. source and means for forming cathodic current connected between said reference electrode and said indicator electrode; said organ or sub-organ, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and indicator electrode thus forming an electrochemical cell which produces output cathodic current; means connected in series with said reference electrode for semidifferentiating the cathodic current and; processing the signal which represents the output current as the semiderivative of the linear current function; thereby producing a cathodic current which represents the rates of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals, the cathodic current enabling the detection of one or more biogenic chemicals which are reduced as well as oxidized and which therefore provides for reproducible results.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
231 words
A method for measuring the rate of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo and in situ in a warm-blooded or cold-blooded animal brain or body comprising: connecting said brain or body to an electrical circuit comprising: an auxiliary electrode placed in contact with an outer layer of an organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; a reference electrode placed in contact with said outer layer of said organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; an indicator microelectrode which is packed with graphite paste and mineral oil modified with a compound selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof which is inserted into said organ or sub-organ's interior; a D.C. source and means for forming cathodic current connected between said reference electrode and said indicator electrode; said organ or sub-organ, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and indicator electrode thus forming an electrochemical cell which produces output cathodic current; means connected in series with said reference electrode for semidifferentiating the cathodic current and; processing the signal which represents the output current as the semiderivative of the linear current function; thereby producing a cathodic current which represents the rates of release and/or reuptake of one or more biogenic chemicals, the cathodic current enabling the detection of one or more biogenic chemicals which are reduced as well as oxidized and which therefore provides for reproducible results.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said biogenic chemicals are selected from the group consisting of amines, amine metabolites, ascorbic acid, amino acids, and neuropeptides.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the presence of said biogenic chemicals are measured in the central nervous system after the peripheral administration of a drug.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said biogenic chemicals are measured after the central administration of a drug.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
16 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said cathodic current is transmitted to a receiver telemetrically.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein a chemical substance is administered to the animal after a reproducible baseline value is achieved.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
38 words
A method according to claim 6 wherein said chemical substance is a neuropsychopharmacological agent selected from the group consisting of antidepressants, neuroleptics, antianxiety agents, anti-panic agents, anti-manic/depressive agents, calcium-blocking agents, agents of addiction, enkephalins, enkephalinamides, endorphins and dynorphin.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 7 wherein said indicator microelectrode is a Teflon-coated microelectrode homogeneously packed with graphite paste and mineral oil.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 8 wherein said modifying compound is selected from the group consisting of acylglycerols, phosphoglycerides, sphingolipids and waxes.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
13 words
A method according to claim 8 wherein said modifying compound is arachadic acid.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
A method for diagnosing mental illness comprising measuring levels of biogenic chemicals according to the method of claim 1 and comparing said levels to the levels of said chemicals from healthy individuals.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method of elucidating behavioral determinants by measuring levels of biogenic chemicals using the method according to claim 1 and correlating said levels with physiological attributes.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
A method according to claim 1 comprising measuring the rates of release and reuptake of at least two biogenic chemicals having approximately identical oxidation potentials and different reduction potentials.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
46 words
A method according to claim 1 for diagnosing and studying brain reward/brain pain systems, euphoria, drug addiction, alcohol dependency, diabetes, self-administration of drugs, stereotypy, catalepsy, antianxiety or anxiety paradigms, turning behavior paradigms, reactions to environmental stimuli, conflict/avoidance paradigms, muricide, memory loss, brain injury, and cervical cancer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
A method according to claim 1, wherein semiderivative voltammetry is employed for detecting the production of one or more biogenic chemical peaks which represent neurotransmitter and neurotransmitter-like peptides.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method to claim 15 wherein the biogenic chemical peaks produced are at 150, 290, 520, 690, 790, 820 and 910 mv on a semidifferential voltammogram.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
30 words
A method according to claim 1 for detecting non-electroactive moieties and electroactive moieties which are slow to diffuse, in vivo by attaching antigens to antibodies, the antigen having electroactive moieties.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein neurochemical profiles from different brain regions are provided.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
19 words
A method according to claim 18 wherein the neurochemical profiles are employed for neurochemical mapping for diagnosis of disease.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
147 words
An electrical circuit capable of analyzing the concentration of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo comprising: an auxiliary electrode for placing in contact with an outer layer of an organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; a reference electrode for placing in contact with said outer layer of said organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; an indicator microelectrode which is packed with graphite paste and mineral oil modified with a compound selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof, for inserting into said organ or sub-organ's interior; a D.C. source and means for forming cathodic current connected between said reference electrode and said indicator electrode; whereby said organ or sub-organ, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and indicator electrode form an electrochemical cell which produces output cathodic current; and means connected in series with said reference electrode for semidifferentiating the cathodic current.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
147 words
An electrical circuit capable of analyzing the concentration of one or more biogenic chemicals in vivo comprising: an auxiliary electrode for placing in contact with an outer layer of an organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; a reference electrode for placing in contact with said outer layer of said organ or sub-organ to be analyzed; an indicator microelectrode which is packed with graphite paste and mineral oil modified with a compound selected from the group of fatty acids, fatty acid derivatives, perfluorosulfonated compounds and salts thereof, for inserting into said organ or sub-organ's interior; a D.C. source and means for forming cathodic current connected between said reference electrode and said indicator electrode; whereby said organ or sub-organ, auxiliary electrode, reference electrode and indicator electrode form an electrochemical cell which produces output cathodic current; and means connected in series with said reference electrode for semidifferentiating the cathodic current.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
26 words
The circuit of claim 20 wherein said means for semidifferentiating the cathodic current comprises a differential operational amplifier including a ladder network of resistors and capacitors.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
14 words
The circuit of claim 21 wherein said means for controlling comprises an operational amplifier.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
21 words
The circuit of claim 22 wherein the circuit further comprises a reduction amplifier connected in series with said means for semidifferentiating.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
60 words
The circuit of claim 23 wherein said means for receiving said telemetrically transmitted signals comprises a dual antenna network comprising two parallel branches, each branch comprising in series one or more radio frequency amplification stages, a mixer stage, one or more intermediate frequency stages, and a local oscillator connected to both mixer stages to provide uniformity in the intermediate frequency.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
29 words
The circuit of claim 24 further comprising means connected to outputs of said dual antenna network for providing an analog current signal, and means for visually displaying said signal.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
53 words
The circuit of claim 20 further comprising a reduction current amplifier connected in series to the output of said means for semidifferentiating the cathodic current, said reduction current amplifier having output terminals on which measurements can be made which are indicative of the instantaneous rate mechanism of said biogenic chemicals in an organism.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
19 words
The circuit of claim 26 further comprising a current measuring operational amplifier connected between said indicator electrode and ground.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
53 words
The circuit of claim 27 further comprising an operational amplifier connected between said indicator electrode and said auxiliary electrode, and another operational amplifier connected between said indicator electrode and said reduction current amplifier whereby an output which produces a linear trace on an analog recorder may be obtained from said reduction current amplifier.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
30 words
The circuit of claim 20 further comprising means for controlling the electrical potential of said auxiliary electrode, said means for controlling being connected to said auxiliary electrode and to ground.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
18 words
The circuit of claim 29 further comprising a follower operational amplifier connected between said reference electrode and ground.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
The circuit of claim 20 further comprising means for telemetrically transmitting signals proportional to said cathodic current and means for receiving said transmitted signals.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
17 words
The circuit of claim 20 wherein said means for differentiating the cathode current comprises a differential amplifier.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
13 words
The circuit of claim 20 further comprising means for automatically operating said circuit.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
29 words
The circuit of claim 33 wherein said automatically operated means comprises a transistor-transistor logic connected to said means for initiating scans and regulating the voltage level of said scans.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-11-27 | 1993-05-29 | 1993-11-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-11-27 | 1997-05-29 | 1997-11-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-11-27 | 2001-05-29 | 2001-11-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |