Analog-to-digital converter

Claim 2

An analog to digital converter comprising: a comparator having two inputs, one input coupled to an analog signal having a magnitude to be converted to a digital signal; voltage means coupled to a second input of said comparator for producing a time varying voltage at said second input to said comparator to cause a comparator output to change output state when said analog signal and the time varying voltage are the same; said voltage means comprising a positive constant current source having a current source output coupled to said second input of the comparator, a capacitor coupled between the constant current source output and a ground for producing said time varying voltage by storing charge from the constant current source, and a control switch for initiating the time varying voltage by initiating a charging of the capacitor; and a microprocessor controller having a microprocessor output coupled to the control switch to initiate the time varying voltage, a microprocessor input for sensing the output from the comparator to determine when the time varying voltage and the analog signal are equal, and a microprocessor timer for determining how long after the control switch initiates said time varying voltage it takes for the microprocessor input to change state indicating that the time varying voltage and analog signal are equal.

Claim 3

The analog to digital converter of claim 1 wherein the control switch comprises a gating transistor having a control input to turn on said gating transistor which, when turned on, provides a discharge path for the capacitor and when subsequently turned off initiates charging of the capacitor to initiate the time varying voltage.

Claim 4

The analog to digital converter of claim 1 wherein the microprocessor timer is a free running timer and the microprocessor comprises memory locations for storing a first timer count at initiation of the time varying voltage and a second timer count when the analog signal equals the time varying signal, and further comprises means for subtracting the first and second counts to provide said digital signal.

Claim 5

The analog to digital converter of claim 1 wherein the constant current source comprises a charging transistor biased by a positive constant voltage source to maintain a constant emitter-collector current for charging the capacitor.

Claim 6

The analog to digital converter of claim 1 wherein the constant current source is a regulated current source.

Claim 7

The analog to digital converter of claim 5 wherein the constant current source comprises a charging transistor biased by a constant voltage source, said voltage source receiving an input from said charging transistor, whereby the constant voltage source maintains a constant emitter-collector current for charging the capacitor.

Claim 8

The analog to digital converter of claim 1 wherein said constant current source in said voltage means includes a positive constant supply voltage coupled to a noninverting amplifier.

Claim 9

The analog to digital converter of claim 2 wherein one plate of said capacitor, a collector of said gating transistor and the output of said constant current source are connected in parallel to the second input of said comparator and also wherein a second plate of said capacitor and an emitter of said gating transistor are grounded.

Claim 10

The analog to digital converter of claim 1 wherein a disabling switch is interposed between said comparator output and said microprocessor input whereby the comparator output is decoupled from the microprocessor input and the analog to digital converter does not function while a disabling signal is sent from said microprocessor controller to said disabling switch.

Claim 11

An analog to digital converter for deriving a digital signal from an analog signal comprising: a comparator having two inputs, one input coupled to such analog signal; voltage means coupled to a second input of said comparator for producing an increasing voltage at said second input to said comparator to cause a comparator output to change output state when the increasing voltage is greater than the analog signal; said voltage means comprising a charging transistor biased by a positive constant voltage source to maintain a constant emitter-collector current for charging the capacitor, a capacitor coupled to the charging transistor for producing said increasing voltage by storing charge from the constant current source, and a control switch comprising a gating transistor having a control input for initiating the increasing voltage by initiating a charging of the capacitor; and a microprocessor controller having a microprocessor output coupled to the control switch to initiate the increasing voltage, a microprocessor input for sensing the output from the comparator to determine when the increasing voltage is less than the analog signal, a free running microprocessor timer, memory locations for storing a first timer count at initiation of the time varying voltage and a second timer count when the increasing voltage is greater than the analog signal, and an arithmetic element for subtracting the first and second timer counts to provide said digital signal.

Claim 12

An analog to digital converter for deriving a digital signal from an analog signal comprising: a comparator having two inputs, one input coupled to such analog signal; voltage means coupled to a second input of said comparator for producing an increasing voltage at said second input to said comparator to cause a comparator output to change output state when the increasing voltage is greater than the analog signal; said voltage means comprising a charging transistor biased by a positive constant voltage source to maintain a constant emitter-collector current for charging the capacitor, a capacitor coupled to the charging transistor for producing said increasing voltage by storing charge from the constant current source, and a control switch comprising a gating transistor having a control input for initiating the increasing voltage by initiating a charging of the capacitor; and a microprocessor controller having a microprocessor output coupled to the control switch to initiate the increasing voltage, a microprocessor input for sensing the output from the comparator to determine when the increasing voltage is less than the analog signal, a free running microprocessor timer, memory locations for storing a first timer count at initiation of the time varying voltage and a second timer count when the increasing voltage is greater than the analog signal, and an arithmetic element for subtracting the first and second timer counts to provide said digital signal.

Claim 13

The analog to digital converter of claim 10 wherein one plate of said capacitor, a collector of said gating transistor and the output of said constant current source are connected in parallel to the second input of said comparator and also wherein a second plate of said capacitor and an emitter of said gating transistor are grounded.

Claim 14

Apparatus for converting an analog sensor output to a digital signal comprising: a comparator having two inputs; voltage means coupled to one of said inputs for producing a time varying voltage at said one of said inputs; said voltage means comprising a constant current source, a capacitor coupled to the constant current source for producing said time varying voltage by storing charge from the constant current source and a control switch for initiating the time varying voltage by initiating a charging of the capacitor; a sensor signal switch for selectively coupling such analog sensor signal to another of the inputs to the comparator; a base voltage switch for selectively coupling a base voltage to said other of the inputs to the comparator; and a microprocessor controller having: a first microprocessor output coupled to the control switch to initiate the time varying voltage, a second microprocessor output coupled to one of said sensor signal and base voltage switch for coupling one of the analog sensor signal and base voltage to said other of the inputs to the comparator, a microprocessor input for sensing an output from the comparator to determine when the time varying voltage and the analog signal are the same, a microprocessor timer for measuring an analog sensor signal value related to how long after the control switch initiates said time varying voltage it takes for the microprocessor input to change state indicating that the time varying voltage and the analog signal are the same, and an arithmetic element for comparing the analog sensor signal value and a value related to the base voltage.

Claim 15

Apparatus for converting an analog sensor output to a digital signal comprising: a comparator having two inputs; voltage means coupled to one of said inputs for producing a time varying voltage at said one of said inputs; said voltage means comprising a constant current source, a capacitor coupled to the constant current source for producing said time varying voltage by storing charge from the constant current source and a control switch for initiating the time varying voltage by initiating a charging of the capacitor; a sensor signal switch for selectively coupling such analog sensor signal to another of the inputs to the comparator; a base voltage switch for selectively coupling a base voltage to said other of the inputs to the comparator; and a microprocessor controller having: a first microprocessor output coupled to the control switch to initiate the time varying voltage, a second microprocessor output coupled to one of said sensor signal and base voltage switch for coupling one of the analog sensor signal and base voltage to said other of the inputs to the comparator, a microprocessor input for sensing an output from the comparator to determine when the time varying voltage and the analog signal are the same, a microprocessor timer for measuring an analog sensor signal value related to how long after the control switch initiates said time varying voltage it takes for the microprocessor input to change state indicating that the time varying voltage and the analog signal are the same, and an arithmetic element for comparing the analog sensor signal value and a value related to the base voltage.