US4878440A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and plant for thermal waste disposal
Assignee: Takuma Co Ltd
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Filing: 1988-05-31
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Granted: 1989-11-07
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Expires: 2008-05-31
Abstract
Abstract A plant for thermal waste disposal includes a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and substantially non-volatile pyrolysis residue and a discharge device connected to the pyrolysis reactor. A combustion chamber operated with an oxygen excess is connected to a carbonization gas discharge fitting of the discharge device for receiving the carbonization gas. A residue sorting device is connected to the pyrolysis residue outlet of the discharge device for sorting out coarser coarse components substantially including non-combustible ingredients such as rocks, glass shards, broken porcelain, and metal parts, from combustible finer coarse components. A transport device connected to the residue sorting device transports the finer coarse components. A grinding apparatus has an inlet side connected to the transport device and a discharge side for feeding the finer coarse components to the combustion chamber after grinding. The combustion chamber maintains combustion gases produced from delivered combustible material for a sufficiently long time at a sufficient temperature level to produce molten slag. The combustion chamber has an outlet for removing the molten slag which is cooled into a glassified form downstream of the outlet of the combustion chamber. A flue gas line leads from the combustion chamber to a chimney.
Inventors
- 👤 Herbert Tratz
- 👤 Klaus Riedle
- 👤 Georg Loesel
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 07:56
CPC Classifications
F; F23; F23G; F23G5/00; F23G5/006; C; C10; C10B; C10B47/00; C10B47/28; C10B47/30; C10B53/00; F23G2201/00; F23G2201/30; F23G2201/302; F23G2201/303; F23G2201/304; F23G2202/00; F23G2202/20; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E20/00; Y02E20/12; Y02P; Y02P20/00; Y02P20/10; Y02P20/129
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 32
Claim 1
Independent Claim
222 words
Plant for thermal waste disposal, comprising a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and substantially non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a discharge device connected to said pyrolysis reactor having a non-volatile pyrolysis residue outlet and a carbonization gas discharge fitting for removal of carbonization gas, a combustion chamber operated with an oxygen excess being connected to said carbonization gas discharge fitting for receiving the carbonization gas, a residue sorting device connected to said pyrolysis residue outlet of said discharge device for sorting out coarser coarse components substantially including non-combustible ingredients such as rocks, glass shards, broken porcelain, and metal parts, from combustible finer coarse components, a transport device connected to said residue sorting device for transporting the finer coarse components, a grinding apparatus having an inlet side connected to said transport device and a discharge side for feeding the finer coarse components to said combustion chamber after grinding, said combustion chamber having means for maintaining combustion gases produced from delivered combustible material for a sufficiently long time at a sufficient temperature level to produce molten slag, said combustion chamber having an outlet for removing the molten slag, means downstream of said outlet of said combustion chamber for cooling the molten slag into a glassified form, a flue gas line leading from said combustion chamber, and a chimney connected to said flue gas line.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
222 words
Plant for thermal waste disposal, comprising a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and substantially non-volatile pyrolysis residue, a discharge device connected to said pyrolysis reactor having a non-volatile pyrolysis residue outlet and a carbonization gas discharge fitting for removal of carbonization gas, a combustion chamber operated with an oxygen excess being connected to said carbonization gas discharge fitting for receiving the carbonization gas, a residue sorting device connected to said pyrolysis residue outlet of said discharge device for sorting out coarser coarse components substantially including non-combustible ingredients such as rocks, glass shards, broken porcelain, and metal parts, from combustible finer coarse components, a transport device connected to said residue sorting device for transporting the finer coarse components, a grinding apparatus having an inlet side connected to said transport device and a discharge side for feeding the finer coarse components to said combustion chamber after grinding, said combustion chamber having means for maintaining combustion gases produced from delivered combustible material for a sufficiently long time at a sufficient temperature level to produce molten slag, said combustion chamber having an outlet for removing the molten slag, means downstream of said outlet of said combustion chamber for cooling the molten slag into a glassified form, a flue gas line leading from said combustion chamber, and a chimney connected to said flue gas line.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
Plant according to claim 1, including a waste heat steam generator system, a dust filtration system and a flue gas scrubbing system disposed in said flue gas line.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
38 words
Plant according to claim 1, wherein said residue sorting device includes means for first separating the fine components and for next separating the finer coarse components from the coarser coarse components by blowing away with an inert gas.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
Plant according to claim 1, wherein said combustion chamber includes means for withstanding wall temperatures above 1200° C. and for maintaining supplied gases at a temperature level above 1200° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
53 words
Plant according to claim 1, including a line connected between said residue sorting device and said grinding apparatus for the fine components, and an intermediate bin connected between said grinding apparatus and said combustion chamber for the temporary storage of at least one of the fine components and the ground finer coarse components.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
26 words
Plant according to claim 5, including a metering device connected between said intermediate bin and said combustion chamber for feeding intermediately stored components of the residue.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
42 words
Plant according to claim 6, including a waste heat steam generator system, a dust filtration system and a fine gas scrubbing system disposed in said flue gas line, said metering device regulating the heating output of said waste heat steam generator system.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
Plant according to claim 1, including a return line connected to said flue gas line and to said combustion chamber for returning fly ash precipitated out of flue to said combustion chamber.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
48 words
Plant according to claim 2, wherein said flue gas line includes a point downstream of said waste heat steam generator system at which a first portion of flue gases is removed, and a flue gas recirculation line returning said first portion to said combustion chamber for temperature regulation.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
40 words
Plant according to claim 9, including an inlet line through which a second portion of the flue gases is removed downstream of said waste heat steam generator system and returned to said waste heat steam generator system for temperature regulation.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
47 words
Plant according to claim 10, wherein said inlet line carries said second portion of returned flue gases in a comparatively cold state and forms a comparatively cool gas mist along walls of said waste heat steam generator system when injected in said waste heat steam generator system.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
15 words
Plant according to claim 4, wherein said combustion chamber is not connected to cooling means.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
18 words
Plant according to claim 2, wherein said waste heat steam generator system produces steam for long-distance heat production.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
15 words
Plant according to claim 2, wherein said waste heat steam generator system produces process steam.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
25 words
Plant according to claim 2, including an integrated steam power plant connected to said waste heat steam generator system for receiving steam for power generation.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
19 words
Plant according to claim 1, including a feed device introducing the waste in uncomminuted form into said pyrolysis reactor.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
Plant according to claim 1, wherein said means for cooling the molten slag are in the form of a water bath for granulation of the slag removed from said combustion chamber.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
12 words
Plant according to claim 12, wherein said combustion chamber includes heat insulation.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
24 words
Plant according to claim 18, wherein said heat insulation is in the form of a masonry lining which is not connected to cooling means.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
37 words
Plant according to claim 1, including a container, and a return line connected to said container through which fly ash precipitated out of flue gas and in particular enriched with metal oxide is removed into said container.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
163 words
Plant for thermal waste disposal, comprising: (a) a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and pyrolysis residue at substantially 300° to 600° C.; (b) a discharge device downstream of said pyrolysis reactor having a carbonization gas outlet and a pyrolysis residue outlet; (c) a combustion chamber constructed for more than 1200° C. being connected to said carbonization gas outlet, means for heating said combustion chamber to a predetermined temperature level assuring thermal destruction of organic toxic substances introduced therein with the supplied gases, said combustion chamber having an outlet for the removal of molten slag, and means for cooling the molten slag into a glassified form; and (d) a residue sorting device connected to said pyrolysis residue outlet for sorting the pyrolysis residue of said discharge device into components of larger and smaller diameters, and a grinding device connected between said residue sorting device and said combustion chamber for delivering the components of the residue having smaller diameters to said combustion chamber.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
163 words
Plant for thermal waste disposal, comprising: (a) a pyrolysis reactor converting waste into carbonization gas and pyrolysis residue at substantially 300° to 600° C.; (b) a discharge device downstream of said pyrolysis reactor having a carbonization gas outlet and a pyrolysis residue outlet; (c) a combustion chamber constructed for more than 1200° C. being connected to said carbonization gas outlet, means for heating said combustion chamber to a predetermined temperature level assuring thermal destruction of organic toxic substances introduced therein with the supplied gases, said combustion chamber having an outlet for the removal of molten slag, and means for cooling the molten slag into a glassified form; and (d) a residue sorting device connected to said pyrolysis residue outlet for sorting the pyrolysis residue of said discharge device into components of larger and smaller diameters, and a grinding device connected between said residue sorting device and said combustion chamber for delivering the components of the residue having smaller diameters to said combustion chamber.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
72 words
Method for thermal waste disposal, which comprises: (a) carbonizing waste at a relatively low temperature while largely excluding oxygen, to form carbonization gas and a pyrolysis residue; (b) sorting out the pyrolysis residue into a fine component, a finer coarse component and a coarser coarse component; (c) combusting the fine component, comminuting and then combusting the finer coarse component, producing flue gas and molten slag, and precipitating out the coarser coarse component.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
72 words
Method for thermal waste disposal, which comprises: (a) carbonizing waste at a relatively low temperature while largely excluding oxygen, to form carbonization gas and a pyrolysis residue; (b) sorting out the pyrolysis residue into a fine component, a finer coarse component and a coarser coarse component; (c) combusting the fine component, comminuting and then combusting the finer coarse component, producing flue gas and molten slag, and precipitating out the coarser coarse component.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
17 words
Method according to claim 22, which comprises combusting the finer coarse component together with the carbonization gas.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
21 words
Method according to claim 22, which comprises precipitating dust out of the flue gas, and melting the dust into the slag.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
25 words
Method according to claim 22, which comprises using thermal energy of the flue gas for at least one of heating supplied oxygen and generating steam.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
Method according to claim 22, which comprises admixing scrubbed flue gas with burning carbonization gas for temperature regulation.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
Method according to claim 22, which comprises temporarily storing at least one of the fine component and the finer coarse component prior to combustion.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
38 words
Method according to claim 22, which comprises precipitating fly ash enriched with heavy metal oxides out of the flue gas and using the fly ash with heavy metal oxides as raw materials for recycling the heavy metal oxides.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
17 words
Method according to claim 22, which comprises cooling the molten slag for later use for construction purposes.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-11-06 | 1993-05-08 | 1993-11-07 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-11-06 | 1997-05-08 | 1997-11-07 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-11-06 | 2001-05-08 | 2001-11-07 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |