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US4872270A Expired / Lapsed US ⏱️ 0.0 years remaining

Drying process

Assignee: Avery Dennison Corp
•
Filing: 1988-03-09
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Granted: 1989-10-10
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Expires: 2008-03-09
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Abstract

Abstract A latex paint containing water and one or more higher boiling organic solvents is coated on a carrier film and dried by a process which yields a dried paint layer free of bubble defects. The film is passed continuously through a series of at least three drying stages in contact with warm, moderately humid air and more than half of the heat required for evaporation is supplied to the underside of the film. Drying conditions in at least each of the first three stages are controlled to maintain a film temperature profile which causes the water to evaporate at a moderate rate but more rapidly than the organic solvents, thus achieving coalescence of the paint and avoiding the trapping of liquids in a surface-hardened paint layer.

Inventors

  • 👤 Dennis R. Fronheiser
  • 👤 Jack Hayward
  • 👤 Gerald G. Reafler
  • 👤 James R. Schuler

Bibliographic Details

Application Number —
Jurisdiction US
Data Source google_patents
Last Synchronized 2026-10-24 14:43
CPC Classifications
F; F26; F26B; F26B21/00; F26B21/30; F26B13/00; F26B13/10; F26B13/101; F26B3/00

Claims Analysis

Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim 325 words
A process for drying a coating of wet latex paint on a heat-deformable plastic film, the paint containing water, one or more higher boiling organic solvents and a colloidally dispersed, coalescable, hardenable, elastomeric film-forming polymer to obtain a smooth, stretchable dried paint layer substantially free of bubble defects, which comprises passing continuously through a series of drying stages a heat-deformable plastic carrier film having an upper and an under surface and having on its upper surface a coating of the wet latex paint, introducing a flow of heated, moderately humid air to each stage to supply heat and cause evaporation of water and organic solvent, the air flow in at least the first three stages being so directed that more than half of the heat required for evaporation is supplied to the film through its under surface, in a first stage of at least 30 seconds duration, controlling the evaporation conditions, including the flow rate, humidity and temperature of the air to maintain the temperature of the paint layer within about 10 degrees C below and 5 degrees C above its initial temperature, in a second stage of at least 30 seconds duration maintaining conditions which heat the paint layer to a temperature higher than in said first stage but no higher than 10 degrees C above its initial temperature, in a third stage of at least 30 seconds duration maintaining conditions which heat the paint layer to a temperature higher than in said second stage but no higher than 25 degrees C above its initial temperature; thereafter in a final stage maintaining conditions which heat the paint layer to a maximum temperature at least 30 degrees C higher than the highest temperature in the third stage and at least 50 degrees C higher than its initial temperature for sufficient time to evaporate remaining water and organic solvent and harden the paint layer, the temperature being below the heat deformation temperature of the carrier film.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim 325 words
A process for drying a coating of wet latex paint on a heat-deformable plastic film, the paint containing water, one or more higher boiling organic solvents and a colloidally dispersed, coalescable, hardenable, elastomeric film-forming polymer to obtain a smooth, stretchable dried paint layer substantially free of bubble defects, which comprises passing continuously through a series of drying stages a heat-deformable plastic carrier film having an upper and an under surface and having on its upper surface a coating of the wet latex paint, introducing a flow of heated, moderately humid air to each stage to supply heat and cause evaporation of water and organic solvent, the air flow in at least the first three stages being so directed that more than half of the heat required for evaporation is supplied to the film through its under surface, in a first stage of at least 30 seconds duration, controlling the evaporation conditions, including the flow rate, humidity and temperature of the air to maintain the temperature of the paint layer within about 10 degrees C below and 5 degrees C above its initial temperature, in a second stage of at least 30 seconds duration maintaining conditions which heat the paint layer to a temperature higher than in said first stage but no higher than 10 degrees C above its initial temperature, in a third stage of at least 30 seconds duration maintaining conditions which heat the paint layer to a temperature higher than in said second stage but no higher than 25 degrees C above its initial temperature; thereafter in a final stage maintaining conditions which heat the paint layer to a maximum temperature at least 30 degrees C higher than the highest temperature in the third stage and at least 50 degrees C higher than its initial temperature for sufficient time to evaporate remaining water and organic solvent and harden the paint layer, the temperature being below the heat deformation temperature of the carrier film.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim 20 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the water is evaporated at a more rapid rate than the organic solvent.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim 25 words
A process according to claim 2 wherein the water content of the paint is reduced sufficiently before the final stage to cause it to coalesce.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim 24 words
A process according to claim 3 wherein the paint contains at least 50 weight percent water and at least 10 weight percent organic solvent.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim 29 words
A process according to claim 4 wherein at least 60 percent of the heat supplied to the film in the first three stages is supplied through its under surface.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim 21 words
A process according to claim 5 wherein the air humidity in the first stage is from 5 to 50 percent RH.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim 27 words
A process according to claim 6 wherein heat is supplied to the underside of the film by heat exchange contact with warm, heat conductive film supporting means.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim 14 words
A process according to claim 7 wherein the film supporting means includes warm rollers.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim 32 words
A process according to claim 8 wherein said paint contains at least 50 weight percent water, at least 5 weight percent higher boiling organic solvent and at least 20 weight percent solids.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim 20 words
A process according to claim 9 wherein the thickness of the dried paint layer is from 0.020 to 0.060 mm.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim 12 words
A process according to claim 10 wherein the paint contains metallic flake.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim 20 words
A process according to claim 10 wherein the film-forming polymer comprises a urethane resin and the organic solvent comprises N-methylpyrrolidone.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim 61 words
A process according to claim 12 wherein the paint layer temperatures are maintained at 20 to 25 degrees C in the first stage, at 26 to 33 degrees C in the second stage, at 38 to 43 degrees C in the fourth stage and from 65 degrees C to below the heat deformation temperature of the film in the final stage.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim 29 words
A process according to claim 1 wherein the wet paint on the plastic film is a uniform, smooth layer which is coated on the film by laminar flow coating.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim 34 words
A process according to claim 13 wherein the wet paint layer is coated on the film by extrusion through a narrow slot immediately before the coated film is passed through the first drying stage.

References Cited (Backward Citations)

US2681294A Cited
US3151950A Cited
US3231985A Cited
US4051278A Cited
GB2091859A Cited
US4365423A Cited
US4719132A Cited
AU6719687A Cited
EP0230364A2 Cited
EP0251546B1 Cited
EP0261815B1 Cited

USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows

Annuity Stage Window Opens Payment Deadline Surcharge Period Until Estimated Fee Status
3.5 Years (Year 4) 1992-10-09 1993-04-10 1993-10-10 $2000.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8) 1996-10-09 1997-04-10 1997-10-10 $3760.00 Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12) 2000-10-09 2001-04-10 2001-10-10 $7700.00 Window Closed / Lapsed

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