US4857119A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Case-Hardened plate armor and method of making
Assignee: General Dynamics Land Systems Inc
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Filing: 1988-03-01
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Granted: 1989-08-15
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Expires: 2008-03-01
Abstract
Abstract Case-hardened plate armor disclosed includes a steel plate (14,18) that is heat treated to provide carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core, with the carbonitride surfaces having a toughness of at least 66, and preferably at least 67, on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration, and with the tough, ductile core being softer than the carbonitride surfaces to prevent brittle fracture. The steel plate (14,18) may be made from either rolled homogenous armor which has a final core hardness in the range of 45 to 50 on the Rockwell C scale, or from high-hard armor which has a final core hardness in the range of 52 to 54 on the Rockwell C scale. The steel plate may be made with holes or may be imperforate depending upon weight requirements. The case-hardening of the steel plate is performed by heating in an atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon, quenching of the heated steel plate, thereafter tempering the quenched steel plate, deep freezing of the tempered steel plate, and subsequently again tempering the steel plate after the deep freezing to provide the hard carbonitride surfaces and the softer but tougher and more ductile core.
Inventors
- 👤 David A. Karst
- 👤 Felix R. Pawlowski
- 👤 William A. Potrafke
- 👤 Harold E. Schuneman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 15:07
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C8/00; C23C8/06; C23C8/28; C23C8/30; C23C8/32; C21; C21D; C21D9/00; C21D9/42; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S148/00; Y10S148/902; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12361; Y10T428/12458
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
126 words
Case-hardened plate armor comprising: a steel plate having holes formed therethrough prior to a subsequent heat treatment that provides carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core; said carbonitride surfaces having a hardness after the heat treatment of at least 67 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration; and the steel plate being selected from the group consisting of: (a) rolled homogenous armor and having a core hardness after the heat treatment in the range of 45 to 50 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the steel plate, and (b) high-hard armor and having a core hardness after the heat treatment in the range of 52 to 54 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the steel plate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
126 words
Case-hardened plate armor comprising: a steel plate having holes formed therethrough prior to a subsequent heat treatment that provides carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core; said carbonitride surfaces having a hardness after the heat treatment of at least 67 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration; and the steel plate being selected from the group consisting of: (a) rolled homogenous armor and having a core hardness after the heat treatment in the range of 45 to 50 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the steel plate, and (b) high-hard armor and having a core hardness after the heat treatment in the range of 52 to 54 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the steel plate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
24 words
Plate armor as in claim 1 wherein the steel plate has a thickness in the range of about 0.15 to 0.5 of an inch.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
Plate armor as in claim 1 wherein holes have the same size and shape as each other and are arranged in a repeating pattern.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
107 words
Case-hardened plate armor comprising: a steel plate of rolled homogenous armor that is heat treated to provide carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core; said carbonitride surfaces having a hardness after the heat treatment of at least 67 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration; the tough, ductile core having a hardness after the heat treatment in the range of about 45 to 50 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the steel plate; and the steel plate having holes of the same size and shape formed therethrough in a repeating pattern prior to the case-hardening of the surfaces and the core.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
107 words
Case-hardened plate armor comprising: a steel plate of rolled homogenous armor that is heat treated to provide carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core; said carbonitride surfaces having a hardness after the heat treatment of at least 67 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration; the tough, ductile core having a hardness after the heat treatment in the range of about 45 to 50 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the steel plate; and the steel plate having holes of the same size and shape formed therethrough in a repeating pattern prior to the case-hardening of the surfaces and the core.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
97 words
Case-hardened plate armor comprising: a steel plate of high-hard armor that is heat treated to provide carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core; said carbonitride surfaces having a hardness of at least 67 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration; the tough, ductile core having a hardness in the range of about 52 to 54 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the plate; and the steel plate having holes of the same size and shape formed therethrough in a repeating pattern prior to the case-hardening of the surfaces and the core.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
97 words
Case-hardened plate armor comprising: a steel plate of high-hard armor that is heat treated to provide carbonitride surfaces and a tough, ductile core; said carbonitride surfaces having a hardness of at least 67 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent surface penetration; the tough, ductile core having a hardness in the range of about 52 to 54 on the Rockwell C scale to prevent brittle fracture of the plate; and the steel plate having holes of the same size and shape formed therethrough in a repeating pattern prior to the case-hardening of the surfaces and the core.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
145 words
A method for case-hardening a steel plate to provide plate armor, said method comprising: a) heating the steel plate in an atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of 1300° F. to 1550° F.; (b) quenching the heated steel plate; (c) initially tempering the quenched steel plate for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F.; (d) deep freezing the tempered steel plate for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of -50° F. to -150° F.; and (e) subsequently again tempering the steel plate after the deep freezing to provide hard carbonitride surfaces and a softer but tougher and more ductile core, said subsequent tempering being performed for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F..
Claim 10
Independent Claim
145 words
A method for case-hardening a steel plate to provide plate armor, said method comprising: a) heating the steel plate in an atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of 1300° F. to 1550° F.; (b) quenching the heated steel plate; (c) initially tempering the quenched steel plate for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F.; (d) deep freezing the tempered steel plate for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of -50° F. to -150° F.; and (e) subsequently again tempering the steel plate after the deep freezing to provide hard carbonitride surfaces and a softer but tougher and more ductile core, said subsequent tempering being performed for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F..
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
A method as in claim 6 wherein the steel plate is heated in an atmosphere of cracked ammonia and methane which provide the nitrogen and carbon.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method as in claim 6 wherein the quenching is performed by an oil quench.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as in claim 6 wherein the initially tempered steel plate is air cooled to ambient temperature before the deep freezing.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
29 words
A method as in any one of claims 6, wherein the steel plate is formed with holes prior to the initial heating in the atmosphere of nitrogen and carbon.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
141 words
A method for case-hardening a steel plate to provide plate armor, said method comprising: (a) heating the steel plate in an atmosphere of cracked ammonia and methane for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of 1300° F. to 1550° F.; (b) oil quenching the heated steel plate; (c) tempering the quenched steel plate for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F.; (d) deep freezing the tempered steel plate for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of -50° F. to -150° F.; and e) subsequently again tempering the steel plate after the deep freezing for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F. to provide hard carbonitride surfaces and a softer but tougher and more ductile core.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
141 words
A method for case-hardening a steel plate to provide plate armor, said method comprising: (a) heating the steel plate in an atmosphere of cracked ammonia and methane for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of 1300° F. to 1550° F.; (b) oil quenching the heated steel plate; (c) tempering the quenched steel plate for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F.; (d) deep freezing the tempered steel plate for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of -50° F. to -150° F.; and e) subsequently again tempering the steel plate after the deep freezing for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F. to provide hard carbonitride surfaces and a softer but tougher and more ductile core.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
158 words
A method for making a case-hardened, webbed steel plate, the method comprising: (a) forming holes in a steel plate to provide webs between the holes; (b) heating the webbed steel plate in an atmosphere of cracked ammonia and methane for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of 1300° F. to 1550° F.; (c) oil quenching the heated steel plate; (d) tempering the quenched steel plate for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F.; (e) deep freezing the tempered steel plate for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of -50° F. to -150° F.; and (f) subsequently again tempering the steel plate after the deep freezing for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F. to provide the webbed steel plate with hard carbonitride surfaces and a softer but tougher and more ductile core.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
158 words
A method for making a case-hardened, webbed steel plate, the method comprising: (a) forming holes in a steel plate to provide webs between the holes; (b) heating the webbed steel plate in an atmosphere of cracked ammonia and methane for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of 1300° F. to 1550° F.; (c) oil quenching the heated steel plate; (d) tempering the quenched steel plate for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F.; (e) deep freezing the tempered steel plate for 1 to 3 hours at a temperature in the range of -50° F. to -150° F.; and (f) subsequently again tempering the steel plate after the deep freezing for 1/2 to 2 hours at a temperature in the range of 275° F. to 325° F. to provide the webbed steel plate with hard carbonitride surfaces and a softer but tougher and more ductile core.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-08-14 | 1993-02-13 | 1993-08-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-08-14 | 1997-02-13 | 1997-08-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-08-14 | 2001-02-13 | 2001-08-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |