US4852454A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and apparatus for delivering electric currents to remote targets
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1987-11-10
•
Granted: 1989-08-01
•
Expires: 2007-11-10
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides a nonlethal weapon for delivering an electrical current to a remote biological target for the purpose of incapacitating the target. The weapon includes a reservoir of metallic or metallic alloy material which is solid at ambient temperatures but which is maintained in molten or liquid form by a heater within the weapon. The molten metal or metallic alloy is ejected from the housing of the weapon by a trigger which applies hydraulic pressure to the material within the weapon. The hydraulic pressure propels two separate and isolated liquid streams of the molten material at the target through suitably provided nozzles. The streams, which solidify as a result of ambient temperature after ejection from the housing, provide electrical conductors which couple the weapon to the target. A source of electrical potential within the weapon is applied to the ejected conductive streams to complete a circuit between the weapon and the target for causing an incapacitating electric current to flow through the target.
Inventors
- 👤 J. Samuel Batchelder
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 20:37
CPC Classifications
F; F41; F41H; F41H13/00; F41H13/0012; F41H13/0037; F41B; F41B9/00; F41B9/0003; F41B9/0031; F41B9/0037; H; H05; H05C; H05C1/00; H05C1/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
140 words
A non-lethal weapon for delivering an electric current to a living target, said weapon comprising: a housing defining at least first and second separated storage areas electrically isolated from each other for storing an electrically conductive material, means for ejecting said electrically conductive material from said weapon in two separated liquid streams, one of said liquid streams being ejected from said first storage area and the other of said liquid streams being ejected from said second storage area, means for applying a voltage across said conductive material stored within said first and second storage areas for creating a potential difference across said two separated ejected streams of conductive material; said conductive material existing in solid form at ambient temperatures such that said two separated liquid streams are caused to solidify after ejection from said weapon and exposure to ambient temperature.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
140 words
A non-lethal weapon for delivering an electric current to a living target, said weapon comprising: a housing defining at least first and second separated storage areas electrically isolated from each other for storing an electrically conductive material, means for ejecting said electrically conductive material from said weapon in two separated liquid streams, one of said liquid streams being ejected from said first storage area and the other of said liquid streams being ejected from said second storage area, means for applying a voltage across said conductive material stored within said first and second storage areas for creating a potential difference across said two separated ejected streams of conductive material; said conductive material existing in solid form at ambient temperatures such that said two separated liquid streams are caused to solidify after ejection from said weapon and exposure to ambient temperature.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
52 words
The weapon of claim 1 wherein each of said storage areas defines a nozzle adapted to eject each of said two separated liquid streams in a beam having a diameter in a range of between 13 microns and 1.2 millimeters such that said two separated ejected streams solidify into fine conductive wires.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
11 words
The weapon of claim 1 wherein said conductive material is metallic.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
13 words
The weapon of claim 1 wherein said conductive material is a metal alloy.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
13 words
The weapon of claim 4 wherein said alloy is a bismuth based alloy.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
13 words
The weapon of claim 4 wherein said alloy is an indium-gallium based alloy.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
61 words
The weapon of claim 1 further including means for heating said first and second storage areas above the melting point of said conductive material stored therein such that said conductive material can be stored in said first and second storage areas in solid form and thereafter heated to molten form for ejection from said housing in said two separated liquid streams.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
39 words
The weapon of claim 7 further including temperature monitoring and control means operatively associated with said conductive material and said heating means for reading and adjusting the temperature of said conductive material in said first and second storage areas.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
30 words
The weapon of claim 1 further including means for adjusting the potential difference of the voltage applied to said conductive material to adjust the electrical current delivered to said target.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
The weapon of claim 1 wherein each of said first and second storage compartments terminates in a nozzle.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
31 words
The weapon of claim 10 wherein each of said first and second storage areas is inwardly tapered in a direction towards said nozzle, and a filter is mounted behind said nozzle.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
The weapon of claim 1 wherein said means for ejecting said conductive material simultaneously ejects said conductive material from each of said storage areas at substantially the same initial velocity.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
36 words
The weapon of claim 1 further including means for cooling the liquid streams of conductive material ejected from said first and second storage areas to decrease time required for solidification of said two separated liquid streams.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
44 words
The weapon of claim 12 wherein said means for ejecting said conductive material comprise a movable member disposed in each of said storage areas and means for selectively moving said movable member against said conductive material for applying a force on said conductive material.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
83 words
A non-lethal weapon for delivering an electric current to a living target, said weapon comprising: a housing for storing electrically conductive material, means for ejecting said electrically conductive material from said housing in two separated liquid streams electrically isolated from each other, means for applying an electrical potential difference across said two ejected streams of conductive material, said conductive material existing in solid form at ambient temperatures such that said liquid streams solidify after ejection from said housing and exposure to ambient temperatures.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
83 words
A non-lethal weapon for delivering an electric current to a living target, said weapon comprising: a housing for storing electrically conductive material, means for ejecting said electrically conductive material from said housing in two separated liquid streams electrically isolated from each other, means for applying an electrical potential difference across said two ejected streams of conductive material, said conductive material existing in solid form at ambient temperatures such that said liquid streams solidify after ejection from said housing and exposure to ambient temperatures.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
33 words
The weapon of claim 15 further including means for heating said electrically conductive material stored within said housing to a temperature at least equal to the melting temperature of said electrically conductive material.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
61 words
A method of delivering an electric current to a living target including the steps of: propelling an electrically conductive material in two separate liquid streams electrically isolated from each other, solidifying said two propelled liquid streams into two wires in flight towards said target, and applying a potential difference across said two wires to deliver an electric current to said target.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
61 words
A method of delivering an electric current to a living target including the steps of: propelling an electrically conductive material in two separate liquid streams electrically isolated from each other, solidifying said two propelled liquid streams into two wires in flight towards said target, and applying a potential difference across said two wires to deliver an electric current to said target.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 17 wherein said electrically conductive material is solid at ambient temperatures.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method of claim 18 including the step of heating said electrically conductive material to a temperature at least equal to the melting point of said electrically conductive material before said electrically conductive material is propelled.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 17 wherein said electrically conductive material includes at least one metal.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2976590A
Cited
US3374708A
Cited
US3523538A
Cited
DE1933054A1
Cited
US3780153A
Cited
US3752211A
Cited
US3803463A
Cited
US3971292A
Cited
DE2551668A1
Cited
US4006390A
Cited
US4076637A
Cited
US4178985A
Cited
US4453196A
Cited
JPS60166144A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-07-31 | 1993-01-30 | 1993-08-01 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-07-31 | 1997-01-30 | 1997-08-01 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-07-31 | 2001-01-30 | 2001-08-01 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |