US4851318A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Process for encapsulated toner compositions with oligomeric surfactant emulsifiers
Assignee: Xerox Corp
•
Filing: 1988-06-24
•
Granted: 1989-07-25
•
Expires: 2008-06-24
Abstract
Abstract An improved process for the preparation of encapsulated toner compositions which comprises mixing core monomer(s), an initiator, or initiators, pigment particles, and oil soluble shell monomer(s); homogenizing the aforementioned mixture into an aqueous surfactant solution resulting in an oil-in-water suspension; thereafter adding water soluble shell monomer(s) to the oil-in-water suspension enabling an interfacial polymerization reaction between the oil soluble and the water soluble shell monomer(s); subsequently adding a low molecular weight polyethylene oxide surfactant protective colloid; and thereafter affecting a free-radical polymerization of the core monomer(s) by heating.
Inventors
- 👤 Bing R. Hsieh
- 👤 Robert J. Gruber
- 👤 Richard F. Koehler
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-25 00:04
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/093; G03G9/09392; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2989
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
88 words
An improved process for the preparation of encapsulated toner compositions which comprises mixing core monomer(s), an initiator, or initiators, pigment particles, and oil soluble shell monomer(s); homogenizing the aforementioned mixture into an aqueous surfactant solution resulting in an oil-in-water suspension; thereafter adding water soluble shell monomer(s) to the oil-in-water suspension enabling an interfacial polymerization reaction between the oil soluble and the water soluble shell monomer(s); subsequently adding a low molecular weight polyethylene oxide surfactant protective colloid; and thereafter affecting a free-radical polymerization of the core monomer(s) by heating.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
88 words
An improved process for the preparation of encapsulated toner compositions which comprises mixing core monomer(s), an initiator, or initiators, pigment particles, and oil soluble shell monomer(s); homogenizing the aforementioned mixture into an aqueous surfactant solution resulting in an oil-in-water suspension; thereafter adding water soluble shell monomer(s) to the oil-in-water suspension enabling an interfacial polymerization reaction between the oil soluble and the water soluble shell monomer(s); subsequently adding a low molecular weight polyethylene oxide surfactant protective colloid; and thereafter affecting a free-radical polymerization of the core monomer(s) by heating.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
90 words
An improved process for the preparation of encapsulated toner compositions which comprises mixing core monomer(s), initiators, pigment particles, and oil soluble shell monomer(s) resulting in an organic pigment dispersion; adding the aforementioned organic pigment dispersion to an aqueous surfactant solution resulting in an oil-in-water suspension; thereafter adding water soluble shell monomer(s) to the oil-in-water suspension enabling an interfacial polymerization reaction between the oil soluble and the water soluble shell monomer(s); subsequently adding a polyethylene oxide surfactant protective colloid; and thereafter affecting a free-radical polymerization of the core monomer(s) by heating.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
90 words
An improved process for the preparation of encapsulated toner compositions which comprises mixing core monomer(s), initiators, pigment particles, and oil soluble shell monomer(s) resulting in an organic pigment dispersion; adding the aforementioned organic pigment dispersion to an aqueous surfactant solution resulting in an oil-in-water suspension; thereafter adding water soluble shell monomer(s) to the oil-in-water suspension enabling an interfacial polymerization reaction between the oil soluble and the water soluble shell monomer(s); subsequently adding a polyethylene oxide surfactant protective colloid; and thereafter affecting a free-radical polymerization of the core monomer(s) by heating.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein heating is accomplished at a temperature of from about 70° to about 85° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the surfactant solution is comprised of a high molecular weight polyethylene oxide and water.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 4 wherein the weight average molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide is from about 10,000 to about 25,000.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the number average molecular weight of the polyethylene oxide protective colloid is from about 1,000 to about 10,000.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polyethylene oxide surfactant is of a weight average molecular weight of from about 10,000 to about 25,000.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the polyethylene oxide protective colloid is of a number average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
31 words
A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the free radical polymerization of the core monomers is accomplished by heating at a temperature of from about 70° to about 85° C.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
57 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core monomer(s) are selected in an amount of from about 40 to about 70 percent, the shell monomer(s) are selected in an amount of from about 5 to about 20 percent, and the pigment particles are selected in an amount of from about 5 to about 15 percent.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
23 words
A process in accordance with claim 6 wherein the free radical polymerization is accomplished by inducing initiator decomposition in the core by heating.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core monomer is selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylates, alkyl methacrylates, styrene, and styrene derivatives.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
60 words
A process in accordance with claim 12 wherein the core monomer is selected from the group consisting of butyl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, hexyl methacrylate, propyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, pentyl acrylate, hexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, ethoxy propyl acrylate, heptyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, methyl butyl acrylate, m-tolyl acrylate, dodecyl styrene, hexyl methyl styrene, nonyl styrene, tetradecyl styrene, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the initiator is an azo or epoxide compound.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are selected from the group consisting of carbon black, magnetites, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, and mixtures thereof.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
16 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the shell is polyurea, polyester, polyurethane, or polyamide.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
48 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the free-radical polymerization is accomplished, subsequent to the interfacial shell polymerization, by thermal decomposition of a core resident free radical chemical initiator, and subsequent reaction and addition polymerization with a core resident vinyl monomer in the presence of pigment particles.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the surfactants are polyethylene oxides selected from the group consisting of Pluronics, Tetronics, Pluronic R, and Tetronic R.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
26 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein surfactants are polyethylene oxides selected from alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, and polyoxyethylene derivatives of sorbitan fatty acid esters.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
14 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the core contains about 5 monomers.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
17 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the toner is free of coagulation during core polymerization.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resulting toner is insensitive to relative humidities of from about 20 to about 80 percent.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
19 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resulting toner particle surfaces are substantially free of surfactant adsorption.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
18 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are completely embedded within the toner core.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
24 words
A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resulting toner particle shells possess a thickness of from about 0.1 to about 1 micron.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4307169A
Cited
US4407922A
Cited
US4476210A
Cited
US4758506A
Cited
US4727011A
Cited
JPS63121837A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-07-24 | 1993-01-23 | 1993-07-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-07-24 | 1997-01-23 | 1997-07-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-07-24 | 2001-01-23 | 2001-07-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |