US4837383A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Glass enamel
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1988-10-11
•
Granted: 1989-06-06
•
Expires: 2008-10-11
Abstract
Abstract A glass enamel composition that may be fired upon a glass substrate to paint an opaques ceramic color. The glass enamel composition is of special utility in the formation of back windows of automobiles in which an electrically conductive heating grid is also to be formed. The glass enamel composition is comprised of lead or lead-free glass flux material, pigment, a printing vehicle, and a aluminum and/or lithium oxide. The aluminum and/or lithium oxide prevents sliding of the ceramic color to fibrous mold surfaces during hot forming the glass substrate. The aluminum and/or lithium oxide functions a migration preventor to prevent the migration of ions of the electrically conductive material to the glass which would, in the absence of the migration preventor, stain the glass.
Inventors
- 👤 Ray Andrews
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 06:41
CPC Classifications
C; C03; C03C; C03C17/00; C03C17/34; C03C2217/00; C03C2217/40; C03C2217/43; C03C2217/44; C03C2217/45; C03C2217/452; C03C2217/46; C03C2217/47; C03C2217/475; C03C2217/479
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 42
Claim 1
Independent Claim
122 words
A method of decorating a glass substrate said method including the steps of: applying to said glass substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle which forms reducing conditions when the glass enamel is fired to prevent rapid oxidation of aluminum, 5 to 25 percent by weight glass coloring agents, 1 to 25 percent by weight aluminum and the remainder being lead glass flux, drying or curing the glass enamel composition, applying a silver containing coating which includes finely divided electrically conductive silver and a glass binder, firing the substrate bearing the glass enamel composition and the silver containing coating onto the substrate whereby said aluminum prevents migration of silver in said silver containing coating in the fired glass enamel.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
122 words
A method of decorating a glass substrate said method including the steps of: applying to said glass substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle which forms reducing conditions when the glass enamel is fired to prevent rapid oxidation of aluminum, 5 to 25 percent by weight glass coloring agents, 1 to 25 percent by weight aluminum and the remainder being lead glass flux, drying or curing the glass enamel composition, applying a silver containing coating which includes finely divided electrically conductive silver and a glass binder, firing the substrate bearing the glass enamel composition and the silver containing coating onto the substrate whereby said aluminum prevents migration of silver in said silver containing coating in the fired glass enamel.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said firing is carried at a temperature of between 800 degrees Fahrenheit and 1300 degrees Fahrenheit to produce said reducing condition whereby rapid oxidation of said aluminum is prevented.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 2 including the further step of selecting glass enamel composition having a mixture of soft lead glass, frit and glazes.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method according to claim 1 including the further step of selecting a glass enamel composition selected from the group consisting of soft lead glasses, frit and glazes.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said aluminum is finely divided aluminum having an average particle size to pass a 325 mesh screen.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said aluminum is present in an amount up to at least 10 percent by weight.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said aluminum is present in the form of aluminum flakes.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said aluminum is present in an amount greater than 10 percent by weight to give a silver gray to the glass enamel after firing.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method according to claim 1 wherein said printing vehicle is selected from the group containing one or more of the following reducing agents: hydrogenated methyl ester of wood rosin; methyl ester of wood rosin; dehydo abietyl amine; hydrogenated wood rosin; dimerized wood rosin and abietic acid, linseed oil, bodied linseed oil and thermoplastic rosin.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of hot forming a glass substrate said method including the steps of: applying to said glass substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle which forms reducing conditions when the glass enamel is fired to prevent rapid oxidation of aluminum, 5 to 25 percent by weight glass coloring agents, 1 to 25 percent by weight aluminum and the remainder being lead glass flux; drying or curing the glass enamel composition; heating the substrate bearing the glass enamel composition to a desired elevated temperature; using the molten glass enamel to prevent sticking to a fibrous refractory facing of a mold facing when hot forming the substrate to a desired shape in the mold.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
116 words
A method of hot forming a glass substrate said method including the steps of: applying to said glass substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle which forms reducing conditions when the glass enamel is fired to prevent rapid oxidation of aluminum, 5 to 25 percent by weight glass coloring agents, 1 to 25 percent by weight aluminum and the remainder being lead glass flux; drying or curing the glass enamel composition; heating the substrate bearing the glass enamel composition to a desired elevated temperature; using the molten glass enamel to prevent sticking to a fibrous refractory facing of a mold facing when hot forming the substrate to a desired shape in the mold.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method according to claim 10 wherein said heating is carried at a temperature of between 800 degrees F. and 1300 degrees F. to produce said reducing condition whereby rapid oxidation of said aluminum is prevented.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method according to claim 10 including the further step of selecting a glass enamel composition from the group consisting of soft lead glasses, frit, and glazes.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method according to claim 10 including the further step of selecting a glass enamel composition including a mixture of soft lead glass, frit and glaze.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method according to claim 10 wherein said aluminum is finely divided aluminum having an average particle size to pass a 325 mesh screen.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method according to claim 10 wherein said aluminum is present in an amount up to at least 10 percent by weight.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 10 wherein said aluminum is present in the form of aluminum flakes.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method according to claim 10 wherein said aluminum is present in an amount greater than 10 percent by weight to give a silver gray to the glass enamel after firing.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
76 words
The method according to claim 18 wherein said printing vehicle is selected from the group containing one or more of the following rosins or plasticizers which provide a reducing condition in the pre-heat zone of the kiln, before fusion of the lead glass flux occurs: hydrogenated methyl ester of wood rosin; methyl ester of wood rosin; dehydo abietyl amine; hydrogenated wood rosin; dimerized wood rosin and abietic acid, linseed oil, bodied linseed oil and thermoplastic rosin.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
96 words
A method of decorating a substrate, said method including the steps of: applying to said substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle, a glass coloring agent, a flux material and a migration preventor selected from the group consisting of aluminum or lithium oxide; drying or curing the glass enamel composition; applying a coating includes finely divided particles capable of migration in glass enamel; firing the substrate bearing said glass enamel composition and said coating onto the substrate whereby said migration preventor prevents migration of particle in said coating in the fired glass enamel.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
96 words
A method of decorating a substrate, said method including the steps of: applying to said substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle, a glass coloring agent, a flux material and a migration preventor selected from the group consisting of aluminum or lithium oxide; drying or curing the glass enamel composition; applying a coating includes finely divided particles capable of migration in glass enamel; firing the substrate bearing said glass enamel composition and said coating onto the substrate whereby said migration preventor prevents migration of particle in said coating in the fired glass enamel.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method according to claim 19 wherein said migration preventor is aluminum and wherein said printing vehicle forms reducing conditions when said glass enamel is fired to prevent rapid oxidation of the aluminum.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 19 including the further step of selecting glass enamel composition having a mixture of soft lead glass, frit and glazes.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method according to claim 19 including the further step of selecting a glass enamel composition having lead free flux.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method according to claim 22 wherein said lead-free flux is composed of zinc oxide, silica, boric oxide, calcium fluoride, zircon, titanium dioxide, and an oxide selected from the group consisting of sodium oxide, potassium oxide or lithium oxide.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method according to claim 19 wherein said aluminum is aluminum flakes.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method according to claim 24 wherein said aluminum flakes have an average particle size of 17 microns.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 19 wherein said aluminum is present in the form of aluminum powder.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method according to claim 26 wherein said aluminum powder has a average particle size of 4.5 to 6.5 microns.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method according to claim 19 wherein said printing vehicle is selected from the group containing one or more of the following reducing agents: hydrogenated methyl ester of wood rosin; methyl ester of wood rosin; dehydo abietyl amine; hydrogenated wood rosin; dimerized wood rosin and abietic acid, linseed oil, bodied linseed oil and thermoplastic rosin.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method according to claim 19 including the further step of: using the glass enamel on the substrate to prevent sticking to a refractory lining of a fibrous mold facing when hot forming the substrate to a desired shape in a mold.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
97 words
A method of hot forming a glass substrate said method including the steps of: applying to said glass substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle, a glass coloring agent, glass flux, and an enamel release agent selected from the group consisting of aluminum and lithium oxide. drying or curing the glass enamel composition, heating the substrate bearing the glass enamel composition to a desired elevated temperature, using the molten glass enamel to prevent sticking to a fibrous refractory facing of a mold when hot forming the substrate to a desired shape in the mold.
Claim 34
Independent Claim
97 words
A method of hot forming a glass substrate said method including the steps of: applying to said glass substrate a glass enamel composition which includes a printing vehicle, a glass coloring agent, glass flux, and an enamel release agent selected from the group consisting of aluminum and lithium oxide. drying or curing the glass enamel composition, heating the substrate bearing the glass enamel composition to a desired elevated temperature, using the molten glass enamel to prevent sticking to a fibrous refractory facing of a mold when hot forming the substrate to a desired shape in the mold.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
25 words
The method according to claim 30 including the further step of selecting glass enamel composition having a mixture of soft lead glass, frit and glazes.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method according to claim 30 including the further step of selecting a glass enamel composition having lead free flux.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
39 words
The method according to claim 32 wherein said lead-free flux is composed of zinc oxide, silica, boric oxide, calcium fluoride, zircon, titanium dioxide, and an oxide selected from the group consisting of sodium oxide, potassium oxide or lithium oxide.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
12 words
The method according to claim 30 wherein said aluminum is aluminum flakes.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method according to claim 34 wherein said aluminum flakes have an average particle size of 17 microns.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
17 words
The method according to claim 30 wherein said aluminum is present in the form of aluminum powder.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
20 words
The method according to claim 36 wherein said aluminum powder has a average particle size of 4.5 to 6.5 microns.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
55 words
The method according to claim 30 wherein said printing vehicle is selected from the group containing one or more of the following reducing agents: hydrogenated methyl ester of wood rosin; methyl ester of wood rosin; dehydo abietyl amine; hydrogenated wood rosin; dimerized wood rosin and abietic acid, linseed oil, bodied linseed oil and thermoplastic rosin.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-06-05 | 1992-12-05 | 1993-06-06 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-06-05 | 1996-12-05 | 1997-06-06 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-06-05 | 2000-12-05 | 2001-06-06 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |