US4824598A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Synthetic laser medium
Assignee: United States Department of Energy
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Filing: 1987-10-20
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Granted: 1989-04-25
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Expires: 2007-10-20
Abstract
Abstract A laser medium is particularly useful in high average power solid state lasers. The laser medium includes a chormium dopant and preferably neodymium ions as codopant, and is primarily a gadolinium scandium gallium garnet, or an analog thereof. Divalent cations inhibit spiral morphology as large boules from which the laser medium is derived are grown, and a source of ions convertible between a trivalent state and a tetravalent state at a low ionization energy are in the laser medium to reduce an absorption coefficient at about one micron wavelength otherwise caused by the divalent cations. These divalent cations and convertible ions are dispersed in the laser medium. Preferred convertible ions are provided from titanium or cerium sources.
Inventors
- 👤 Stanley E. Stokowski
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-06 16:13
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01S; H01S3/00; H01S3/14; H01S3/16; C; C30; C30B; C30B15/00; C30B29/00; C30B29/10; C30B29/16; C30B29/22; C30B29/28
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 10
Claim 1
Independent Claim
201 words
A synthetic laser medium comprising: a body having a primary composition and a secondary composition, the body's absorption coefficient at about one micron wavelength being less than about 0.01 cm -1 , the primary composition being J.sub.3-x-y L.sub.2+x Q.sub.3+y O.sub.12-z wherein J is gadolinium or yttrium, L is scandium, gallium or aluminum, Q is gallium or aluminum, x is from about -0.20 to about 0, y is from about -0.20 to about 0.5, and z is from about 0 to about 1; the secondary composition having ionic species dispersed in the primary composition, the ionic species including a chromium dopant in an amount of at least 0.1×10 20 ions/cc of the body to absorb broad energy bands and a neodymium codopant in an amount effective to actively lase, divalent cations in an amount at least about 25 ppm with respect to the body and being Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ or Co2+, and convertible cations in an amount effective to reduce the absorption coefficient of the body at about one micron wavelength, the convertible cations being Ti, Ce or Tb in the trivalent state, tetravalent state or mixtures thereof.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
201 words
A synthetic laser medium comprising: a body having a primary composition and a secondary composition, the body's absorption coefficient at about one micron wavelength being less than about 0.01 cm -1 , the primary composition being J.sub.3-x-y L.sub.2+x Q.sub.3+y O.sub.12-z wherein J is gadolinium or yttrium, L is scandium, gallium or aluminum, Q is gallium or aluminum, x is from about -0.20 to about 0, y is from about -0.20 to about 0.5, and z is from about 0 to about 1; the secondary composition having ionic species dispersed in the primary composition, the ionic species including a chromium dopant in an amount of at least 0.1×10 20 ions/cc of the body to absorb broad energy bands and a neodymium codopant in an amount effective to actively lase, divalent cations in an amount at least about 25 ppm with respect to the body and being Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ or Co2+, and convertible cations in an amount effective to reduce the absorption coefficient of the body at about one micron wavelength, the convertible cations being Ti, Ce or Tb in the trivalent state, tetravalent state or mixtures thereof.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
26 words
The medium as in claim 1 wherein the chromium dopant is in an amount from about 0.1×10 20 to about 4×10 20 ions/cc of the body.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
The medium as in claim 3 wherein the convertible cations are in a weight ratio with respect to the divalent cations of from about 2:1 to about 6:1.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
25 words
The medium as in claim 1 wherein the body has a side greater than about 2.5 cm or a diameter greater than about 2.5 cm.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
48 words
The medium as in claim 4 wherein the chromium and neodymium codopants together total from about 0.6×10 20 to about 8×10 20 ions/cc of the body and the convertible cations are in a weight ratio with respect to the divalent cations of from about 2:1 to about 6:1.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
178 words
In a method for preparing a laser medium having a primary composition J 3-x-y L 2+x Q 3+y O 12-z wherein J is gadolinium or yttrium, L is scandium, gallium or aluminum, Q is gallium or aluminum, x is from about -0.20 to about 0, y is from about -0.20 to about 0.5, and z is from about 0 to about 1, being doped with chromium ions and with neodymium ions from a crystallizable melt by the Czochralski growth techniques, the improvement comprising: incorporating divalent cations and convertible cations into the crystallizable melt and forming a boule therefrom, the divalent cations are in an amount at least about 25 ppm with respect to the boule and being Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ , or Co 2+ , the convertible cations consisting of titanium, cerium or terbium in the trivalent state, tetravalent state or mixtures thereof, the convertible cations being in a weight ratio with respect to the divalent cations of from about 2:1 to about 6:1.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
178 words
In a method for preparing a laser medium having a primary composition J 3-x-y L 2+x Q 3+y O 12-z wherein J is gadolinium or yttrium, L is scandium, gallium or aluminum, Q is gallium or aluminum, x is from about -0.20 to about 0, y is from about -0.20 to about 0.5, and z is from about 0 to about 1, being doped with chromium ions and with neodymium ions from a crystallizable melt by the Czochralski growth techniques, the improvement comprising: incorporating divalent cations and convertible cations into the crystallizable melt and forming a boule therefrom, the divalent cations are in an amount at least about 25 ppm with respect to the boule and being Mg 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ba 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ca 2+ , Ni 2+ , or Co 2+ , the convertible cations consisting of titanium, cerium or terbium in the trivalent state, tetravalent state or mixtures thereof, the convertible cations being in a weight ratio with respect to the divalent cations of from about 2:1 to about 6:1.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
The method as in claim 6 further comprising: heating the boule in a reducing atmosphere at a temperature effective to reduce the absorption coefficient of the boule at about one micron wavelength.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method as in claim 6 further comprising: cooling the boule in an inert atmosphere.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-04-24 | 1992-10-24 | 1993-04-25 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-04-24 | 1996-10-24 | 1997-04-25 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-04-24 | 2000-10-24 | 2001-04-25 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |