US4823115A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Detection of lightning, storms and the like
Assignee: Individual
•
Filing: 1987-11-27
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Granted: 1989-04-18
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Expires: 2007-11-27
Abstract
Abstract Detection of lightning, storms, or the like via detecting means connected between an external antenna and ground, plus alerting means operatively connected to the detection means. An unpowered cascaded emitter-follower arrangement of at least a Darlington pair triggers a powered alerting circuit via an intervening gate opened when a fluctuation in ambient electric field causes the first transistor in such pair to conduct. A meter indicates such conduction even if the alerting means is not switched on, and alerting indicators in the alerting means may be tested in the absence of any detected field fluctuation.
Inventors
- 👤 James A. McCallie
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 15:28
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01R; G01R29/00; G01R29/08; G01R29/0807; G01R29/0814; G01R29/0842; G01W; G01W1/00; G01W1/16
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
49 words
In apparatus adapted to detect lightning, storms, or like electrostatic phenomena via an exterior antenna and a ground wire, the improvement comprising unpowered bipolar junction sensing means connected between the antenna and ground, and responsive to fluctuating ambient electric field strength; and alerting means actuated by such sensing means.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
49 words
In apparatus adapted to detect lightning, storms, or like electrostatic phenomena via an exterior antenna and a ground wire, the improvement comprising unpowered bipolar junction sensing means connected between the antenna and ground, and responsive to fluctuating ambient electric field strength; and alerting means actuated by such sensing means.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
9 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 1, including a milli-ammeter.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
25 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the alerting means includes indicator means, and gate means interposed between the sensing means and the indicator means.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the alerting means includes also an electric power source, and the indicator means includes one or more audible or visible indicators powered by such power source.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the sensing means includes a plurality of bipolar transistors in a cascaded emitter-follower arrangement.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
63 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the first transistor therein has its base connected to the antenna, and its emitter connected to ground; and including also a gate transistor with its base connected to the emitter of an intervening transistor in such arrangement, and with its emitter and collector connected across indicator means in series with a battery powering such indicator means.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
Detection arrangement according to claim 5, wherein such indicator means includes both audible and visible indicators.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
77 words
In apparatus including both an exterior antenna and a ground connection, for detecting fluctuating electric fields propagated by lightning, storms, or like electrostatic phenomena the combination of an arrangement of bipolar transistors including an unpowered Darlington pair, with the base of the first transistor in such pair connected to the antenna, and with the emitter of such transistor connected to ground; being thereby conductive when such first transistor senses such a fluctuation in ambient electric field strength.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
77 words
In apparatus including both an exterior antenna and a ground connection, for detecting fluctuating electric fields propagated by lightning, storms, or like electrostatic phenomena the combination of an arrangement of bipolar transistors including an unpowered Darlington pair, with the base of the first transistor in such pair connected to the antenna, and with the emitter of such transistor connected to ground; being thereby conductive when such first transistor senses such a fluctuation in ambient electric field strength.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
29 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the detected fluctuations have a frequency of at most about 4 kHz. and the range of detection is upwards of 50 miles.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
44 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 8, including a gate transistor arranged to conduct whenever such first transistor conducts, and indicator means and a power source connected in series so as to actuate the indicator means whenever such gate transistor conduction closes such series circuit.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
30 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 10, including an on/off switch in such series circuit and adapted to open such circuit and thereby inactivate such indicator means in the off position.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
Detection apparatus according to claim 10, including an operating/test switch paralleling such gate transistor and adapted to close such circuit in the test position even though such transistor is not conducting.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
81 words
In a method for detecting fluctuating electric fields propagated by lightning, storms, or like electrostatic phenomena, including using both an exterior antenna and a ground connection, the steps of arranging a plurality of bipolar transistors in an unpowered emitter-follower arrangement, with the base of the first such transistor connected to the antenna, and with the emitter of such transistor connected to ground; whereby conduction occurs in such arrangement when such first transistor senses such a fluctuation in ambient electric field strength.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
81 words
In a method for detecting fluctuating electric fields propagated by lightning, storms, or like electrostatic phenomena, including using both an exterior antenna and a ground connection, the steps of arranging a plurality of bipolar transistors in an unpowered emitter-follower arrangement, with the base of the first such transistor connected to the antenna, and with the emitter of such transistor connected to ground; whereby conduction occurs in such arrangement when such first transistor senses such a fluctuation in ambient electric field strength.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
37 words
Detection method according to claim 13, including connecting an electrical power supply and indicating means between the emitter and collector of the last transistor in such arrangement, and thereby actuating such indicating means when such conduction occurs.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
51 words
Electronic lightning-detection apparatus comprising unpowered bipolar transistor means adapted to sense lightning as far away as about 20 to 50 miles, and powered indicator means triggerable by the transistor means and adapted to indicate the distance of sensed lightning audibly or visually, or both, by an observable characteristic of such indications.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
51 words
Electronic lightning-detection apparatus comprising unpowered bipolar transistor means adapted to sense lightning as far away as about 20 to 50 miles, and powered indicator means triggerable by the transistor means and adapted to indicate the distance of sensed lightning audibly or visually, or both, by an observable characteristic of such indications.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
39 words
Lightning-detection method utilizing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the observable indication is greater in intensity, the closer the lightning, including the step of observing such intensity and interpreting it as an indicator of the closeness of the lighting.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
36 words
Lightning-detection method utilizing apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the observable indication is longer in duration, the closer the lightning, including observing such duration and interpreting it as an indicator of the closeness of the lightning.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-04-17 | 1992-10-17 | 1993-04-18 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-04-17 | 1996-10-17 | 1997-04-18 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-04-17 | 2000-10-17 | 2001-04-18 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |