US4822744A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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System and method for detecting contaminants in a steam power generating system
Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Filing: 1987-05-01
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Granted: 1989-04-18
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Expires: 2007-05-01
Abstract
Abstract Method for monitoring changes in contaminant concentration levels between a feedwater inlet and a steam outlet in a steam generating system and system for detecting sources of contaminants in a steam generating system. The method includes a reliable means for detecting organic contaminants, chlorides, sulfides and nitrides. The invention also includes a method for determining whether the organic compounds are chlorinated, sulfinated or nitrogenated. The method is based on monitoring of ion concentration levels and cation exchanged conductivities in samples of feedwater and steam.
Inventors
- 👤 James C. Bellows
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 15:17
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N27/00; G01N27/26; G01N33/00; G01N33/18; G01N33/1826; G01N27/416; G01N27/4166; Y; Y02; Y02A; Y02A20/00; Y02A20/20; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/17; Y10T436/173076; Y10T436/18; Y10T436/19; Y10T436/193333; Y10T436/196666
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
205 words
A method for detecting chlorinated organic compounds in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a steam sample; (c) determining whether the chloride ion concentration in the steam sample is substantially greater than the chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in chloride ion concentration indicating the breakdown of chlorinated compounds; (d) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (e) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; (f) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating the formation of carboxylic acids from organic compounds; and (g) determining whether hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample has increased relative to the feedwater sample without chloride ion concentration in the steam sample being substantially greater than chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, whereby nonchlorinated organic compounds in the steam generating system are indicated.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
205 words
A method for detecting chlorinated organic compounds in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a steam sample; (c) determining whether the chloride ion concentration in the steam sample is substantially greater than the chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in chloride ion concentration indicating the breakdown of chlorinated compounds; (d) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (e) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; (f) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating the formation of carboxylic acids from organic compounds; and (g) determining whether hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample has increased relative to the feedwater sample without chloride ion concentration in the steam sample being substantially greater than chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, whereby nonchlorinated organic compounds in the steam generating system are indicated.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity is monitored on a relative basis and chloride ion concentration is monitored on a relative basis between the feedwater sample and the steam sample.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
189 words
A method for detecting chlorinated organic compounds in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a steam sample; (c) determining whether the chloride ion concentration in the steam sample is substantially greater than chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in chloride ion concentration indicating a breakdown of chlorinated compounds; (d) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (e) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; (f) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating the formation of carboxylic acids from organic compounds; and (g) determining whether both hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity and chloride ion concentration in the steam are substantially greater than in the feedwater, whereby halogenated organic compounds in the steam generating system are indicated.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
189 words
A method for detecting chlorinated organic compounds in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a steam sample; (c) determining whether the chloride ion concentration in the steam sample is substantially greater than chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in chloride ion concentration indicating a breakdown of chlorinated compounds; (d) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (e) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; (f) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating the formation of carboxylic acids from organic compounds; and (g) determining whether both hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity and chloride ion concentration in the steam are substantially greater than in the feedwater, whereby halogenated organic compounds in the steam generating system are indicated.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
35 words
The method of claim 3 wherein the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity is monitored on a relative basis and chloride ion concentration is monitored on a relative basis between the feedwater sample and the steam sample.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for detecting increases in chloride ion concentration in a water heating system comprising a water heater which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides high temperature fluid through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a high temperature fluid sample; and (c) determining whether the chloride ion concentration in the high temperature fluid sample is greater than the chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in chloride ion concentration indicating a breakdown of chlorinated compounds.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for detecting increases in chloride ion concentration in a water heating system comprising a water heater which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides high temperature fluid through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring chloride ion concentration in a high temperature fluid sample; and (c) determining whether the chloride ion concentration in the high temperature fluid sample is greater than the chloride ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in chloride ion concentration indicating a breakdown of chlorinated compounds.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the chloride ion concentration of each of the feedwater sample and the high temperature fluid sample are monitored relative to one another.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
The method of claim 5 wherein the chloride ion concentration is monitored on the basis of each of the feedwater sample and the high temperature fluid sample specific ion electrode measurements.
Claim 11
Independent Claim
115 words
A method for detecting a presence of organic compounds and a formation of carboxylic acids in a steam generating system comprising a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; and (c) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the cation conductivity of the feedwater sample, wherein an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity is indicative of carboxylic acid formation from organic compounds.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
115 words
A method for detecting a presence of organic compounds and a formation of carboxylic acids in a steam generating system comprising a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; and (c) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the cation conductivity of the feedwater sample, wherein an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity is indicative of carboxylic acid formation from organic compounds.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 8 wherein the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of each of the feedwater sample and the steam sample are measured relative to one another.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
143 words
In a steam generating system comprising a steam generator, at least one inlet pipe for providing feedwater to the generator and at least one outlet pipe for providing steam from the generator, a system for detecting the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the steam generating system the improvement comprising: (a) first means adjacent the at least one inlet pipe for monitoring chloride ion concentration in the feedwater; (b) second means adjacent the at least one outlet pipe for monitoring chloride concentrations in the steam; (c) first means adjacent the at least one inlet pipe for monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in the feedwater; (d) second means adjacent the at least one outlet pipe for monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in the steam; and (e) means for comparing data from each of the monitoring means for identifying chlorinated hydrocarbons in the steam generating system.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
143 words
In a steam generating system comprising a steam generator, at least one inlet pipe for providing feedwater to the generator and at least one outlet pipe for providing steam from the generator, a system for detecting the presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the steam generating system the improvement comprising: (a) first means adjacent the at least one inlet pipe for monitoring chloride ion concentration in the feedwater; (b) second means adjacent the at least one outlet pipe for monitoring chloride concentrations in the steam; (c) first means adjacent the at least one inlet pipe for monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in the feedwater; (d) second means adjacent the at least one outlet pipe for monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in the steam; and (e) means for comparing data from each of the monitoring means for identifying chlorinated hydrocarbons in the steam generating system.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
97 words
A method for detecting increases in halogen ion concentration in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a steam sample; and (c) determining whether the halogen ion concentration in the steam sample is greater than the halogen ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in halogen ion concentration indicating a breakdown of halogenated compounds.
Claim 17
Independent Claim
97 words
A method for detecting increases in halogen ion concentration in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a steam sample; and (c) determining whether the halogen ion concentration in the steam sample is greater than the halogen ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in halogen ion concentration indicating a breakdown of halogenated compounds.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the halogen ion concentration of each of the feedwater sample and the steam sample are compared relative to one another.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
38 words
The method of claim 11 wherein the halogen ion concentration is monitored on the basis of ion chromatography in an on-line batch system to provide analysis of the halogen ion concentration in a parts per billion concentration range.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
211 words
A method for detecting halogenated organic compounds in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a steam sample; (c) determining whether the halogen ion concentration in the steam sample is substantially greater than the halogen ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in halogen ion concentration indicating a breakdown of halogenated compounds; (d) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (e) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; (f) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating a formation of carboxylic acids from organic compounds; and (g) determining whether hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample has increased relative to the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample without halogen ion concentration in the steam sample being substantially greater than halogen ion concentration in the feedwater sample, whereby nonhalogenated organic compounds in the steam generating system are indicated.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
211 words
A method for detecting halogenated organic compounds in a steam generating system comprising a steam generator which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides steam through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a sample of feedwater; (b) monitoring halogen ion concentration in a steam sample; (c) determining whether the halogen ion concentration in the steam sample is substantially greater than the halogen ion concentration in the feedwater sample, an increase in halogen ion concentration indicating a breakdown of halogenated compounds; (d) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (e) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a steam sample; (f) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating a formation of carboxylic acids from organic compounds; and (g) determining whether hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the steam sample has increased relative to the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample without halogen ion concentration in the steam sample being substantially greater than halogen ion concentration in the feedwater sample, whereby nonhalogenated organic compounds in the steam generating system are indicated.
Claim 22
Independent Claim
203 words
A method for detecting organic compounds in a heating system which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides high temperature fluid through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) identifying a presence of anions selected from the group consisting of fluoride, iodide, bromide, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate and phosphite, by: (i) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (ii) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a high temperature fluid sample; (iii) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the fluid sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating a formation of acids from organic compounds; and (b) identifying the source of such anions in the system by: (i) analyzing a sample of feedwater using ion chromatography; (ii) analyzing a high temperature fluid sample using ion chromatography; (iii) determining whether a concentration of anions of a particular type in the fluid sample is substantially different than the concentration of the same type of anions in the feedwater sample, whereby a breakdown of compounds of fluorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, sulfonate or phosphates corresponding to the anions is indicated.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
203 words
A method for detecting organic compounds in a heating system which receives feedwater from at least one inlet pipe and which provides high temperature fluid through at least one outlet pipe, the method comprising the steps of: (a) identifying a presence of anions selected from the group consisting of fluoride, iodide, bromide, nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate and phosphite, by: (i) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a sample of feedwater; (ii) monitoring hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity in a high temperature fluid sample; (iii) determining whether the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the fluid sample is greater than the hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity of the feedwater sample, an increase in hydrogen cation exchanged conductivity indicating a formation of acids from organic compounds; and (b) identifying the source of such anions in the system by: (i) analyzing a sample of feedwater using ion chromatography; (ii) analyzing a high temperature fluid sample using ion chromatography; (iii) determining whether a concentration of anions of a particular type in the fluid sample is substantially different than the concentration of the same type of anions in the feedwater sample, whereby a breakdown of compounds of fluorine, bromine, iodine, nitrogen, sulfonate or phosphates corresponding to the anions is indicated.
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