US4818930A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Method and apparatus for thin layer monitoring
Assignee: United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
•
Filing: 1987-10-05
•
Granted: 1989-04-04
•
Expires: 2007-10-05
Abstract
Abstract An apparatus and a method are provided for measuring the thickness (d) of a thin layer (12) of a non-metallic material on the surface of another medium (14). A transmitter (16) causes a beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface (15) at an angle of incidence greater than 30 DEG , and at least one fixed detector (18) monitors a component of the reflected microwave beam polarized in an appropriate plane. In one case the angle of incidence is equal to the Brewster angle (B) for the lower medium, which is water, and the detector monitors the amplitude of the vertically plane polarized component, which is a rapidly varying function of the thickness. In another case the angle of incidence is about 45 DEG , and the monitored component is cross-polarized relative to the incident beam. The apparatus is suitable for detecting layers less than 1 mm thick of pollutants such as oil or kerosene on water before such water is discharged into the environment.
Inventors
- 👤 Michael A. Flemming
- 👤 Graham N. Plested
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 21:18
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01B; G01B15/00; G01B15/02
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
108 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another non-metallic medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component, and the angle of incidence being approximately equal to the Brewster angle for the other medium, and monitoring only one component of the reflected beam, said monitored component being the vertically plane-polarized component.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
108 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another non-metallic medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component, and the angle of incidence being approximately equal to the Brewster angle for the other medium, and monitoring only one component of the reflected beam, said monitored component being the vertically plane-polarized component.
Claim 3
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component and a non-zero horizontally plane-polarized component, and, if the other medium is non-metallic, the angle of incidence differing from the Brewster angle for the other medium by at least 5°, and monitoring only one component of the reflected beam, said monitored component being that component cross-polarized with respect to the incident beam.
Claim 4
Independent Claim
126 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component and a non-zero horizontally plane-polarized component, and, if the other medium is non-metallic, the angle of incidence differing from the Brewster angle for the other medium by at least 5°, and monitoring only one component of the reflected beam, said monitored component being that component cross-polarized with respect to the incident beam.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
119 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another non-metallic medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component and a non-zero horizontally plane-polarized component, and the angle of incidence being approximately equal to the Brewster angle for the other medium, monitoring both the vertically and the horizontally plane-polarized components of the reflected beam and determining only the ratio of the monitored components.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
119 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another non-metallic medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component and a non-zero horizontally plane-polarized component, and the angle of incidence being approximately equal to the Brewster angle for the other medium, monitoring both the vertically and the horizontally plane-polarized components of the reflected beam and determining only the ratio of the monitored components.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component and a non-zero horizontally plane-polarized component, monitoring both the vertically and the horizontally plane-polarized components of the reflected beam, and determining only the phase difference between the monitored components.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
103 words
A method for monitoring a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 25 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another medium, the method comprising causing a polarized beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component and a non-zero horizontally plane-polarized component, monitoring both the vertically and the horizontally plane-polarized components of the reflected beam, and determining only the phase difference between the monitored components.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the incident beam is plane-polarized at 45° to plane containing the incident beam and the normal to the surface.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 wherein the angle of incidence is between about 45° and 70°.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 1 also comprising modulating the microwave frequency to resolve any ambiguity in the monitored layer thickness.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 2 also comprising modulating the microwave frequency to resolve any ambiguity in the monitored layer thickness.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 3 also comprising modulating the microwave frequency to resolve any ambiguity in the monitored layer thickness.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method as claimed in claim 4 also comprising modulating the microwave frequency to resolve any ambiguity in the monitored layer thickness.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
208 words
An instrument for monitoring the thickness of a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 20 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another medium, the apparatus comprising means for causing a beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component, and means for monitoring at least one component of the reflected microwave beam polarized in a preset appropriate plane, and for determining therefrom the thickness of the layer, the monitored components and the parameter determined from them being predetermined in accordance with the nature of the other medium and the incident beam as set out in the following table: ______________________________________
Non-zero
horizontally
plane- Monitored
polarized plane-
Other Angle of incident polarized
Medium Incidence component component(s)
Determine
______________________________________
non- Brewster Only Only
metallic vertical amplitude
non- Brewster Yes Both Only ratio
metallic vertical
and
horizontal
non- differ from
Yes Only cross-
Only
metallic
Brewster polarized
amplitude
by at least
5°
Metallic
any angle Yes Only cross-
Only
polarized
amplitude
Any Any Yes Both Only the
vertical and
phase
horizontal
difference
______________________________________
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
208 words
An instrument for monitoring the thickness of a continuous layer of a non-metallic material of thickness greater than about 20 micrometers and less than about 10 mm on a surface of another medium, the apparatus comprising means for causing a beam of microwaves to be incident on the exposed surface of the layer and so to be reflected from it at an angle of incidence greater than about 30°, the incident beam having a non-zero vertically plane-polarized component, and means for monitoring at least one component of the reflected microwave beam polarized in a preset appropriate plane, and for determining therefrom the thickness of the layer, the monitored components and the parameter determined from them being predetermined in accordance with the nature of the other medium and the incident beam as set out in the following table: ______________________________________
Non-zero
horizontally
plane- Monitored
polarized plane-
Other Angle of incident polarized
Medium Incidence component component(s)
Determine
______________________________________
non- Brewster Only Only
metallic vertical amplitude
non- Brewster Yes Both Only ratio
metallic vertical
and
horizontal
non- differ from
Yes Only cross-
Only
metallic
Brewster polarized
amplitude
by at least
5°
Metallic
any angle Yes Only cross-
Only
polarized
amplitude
Any Any Yes Both Only the
vertical and
phase
horizontal
difference
______________________________________
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4052666A
Cited
US4707652A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-10-03 | 1993-04-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-04-03 | 1996-10-03 | 1997-04-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-04-03 | 2000-10-03 | 2001-04-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |