US4818607A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Small hollow particles with conductive coating
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corp
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Filing: 1987-05-08
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Granted: 1989-04-04
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Expires: 2007-05-08
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides an electrically conductive material (10) comprising a substantially spherical refractory particle (12) having an exterior surface (14) and having a diameter of no more than about 5 millimeters. An electrically conducting coating (22) substantially equally covers the entire exterior surface (14), the coating (22) having at least about 70 atomic percent carbon and being from about 10 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms thick. A plurality of such particles (12) are useful as filler materials. Also, such particles (12) are useful as flowing electrodes. Objects containing the particles (12) have desirable electrical properties.
Inventors
- 👤 Steven F. Rickborn
- 👤 Donald Z. Rogers
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-02 13:01
CPC Classifications
C; C04; C04B; C04B41/00; C04B41/45; C04B41/4584; C23; C23C; C23C16/00; C23C16/22; C23C16/26; C23C16/44; C23C16/442; C23C24/00; C23C24/08; C23C24/082; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/25; Y10T428/259; Y10T428/29; Y10T428/2982; Y10T428/2991; Y10T428/2993; Y10T428/2996
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
48 words
An electrically conducting material, comprising: a small hollow refractory generally spherical particle having an exterior surface; and an electrically conducting coating substantially equally covering said exterior surface, said coating having at least about 70 atomic percent carbon and being from about 10 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms thick.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
48 words
An electrically conducting material, comprising: a small hollow refractory generally spherical particle having an exterior surface; and an electrically conducting coating substantially equally covering said exterior surface, said coating having at least about 70 atomic percent carbon and being from about 10 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms thick.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
17 words
A material as set forth in claim 1, wherein there are a plurality of such coated particles.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A material as set forth in claim 2, wherein said coated particles are embedded in a matrix.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A material as set forth in claim 1, wherein said particle has a greatest dimension of no more than about 5 millimeters.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A material as set forth in claim 1, wherein said exterior surface is substantially completely encapsulated within said coating.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
29 words
A material as set forth in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said refractory particles have, in bulk, a resistance of between about 500 Kohm and about 1 ohm.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
22 words
A material as set forth in claim 1, wherein said coating comprises no more than about 10 weight percent of said particle.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
23 words
A material as set forth in claim 1, wherein said coating comprises from about 0.001 to about 12 weight percent of said particle.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
43 words
A material as set forth in claim 1, wherein said coating is formed by contacting a carbon-containing precursor with substantially said entire exterior surface, said particles being at a temperature which lies between about 700° C. and about 1200° C. during such contacting.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
49 words
An electrode comprising a plurality of small hollow substantially spherical refractory particles each having an exterior surface; and an electrically conducting coating substantially equally covering said exterior surface, said coating having at least about 70 atomic percent carbon and being from about 10 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms thick.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
49 words
An electrode comprising a plurality of small hollow substantially spherical refractory particles each having an exterior surface; and an electrically conducting coating substantially equally covering said exterior surface, said coating having at least about 70 atomic percent carbon and being from about 10 Angstroms to about 500 Angstroms thick.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
22 words
An electrode as set forth in claim 10 wherein said particles each have a diameter of no more than about 5 millimeters.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
An electrode as set forth in claim 11, wherein said exterior surface is substantially completely encapsulated within said coating.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
A material as set forth in claim 12, wherein said coating comprises from about 0.001 to about 12 weight percent of said particle.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
26 words
A material as set forth in claim 13, wherein said particles have, in bulk, a resistance of between about 500 K ohm and about 1 ohm.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-10-03 | 1993-04-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-04-03 | 1996-10-03 | 1997-04-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-04-03 | 2000-10-03 | 2001-04-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |