US4818251A
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Removal of water haze from distillate fuel
Assignee: Dow Silicones UK Ltd
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Filing: 1988-04-28
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Granted: 1989-04-04
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Expires: 2008-04-28
Abstract
Abstract The specification discloses a method of de-hazing distillate fuel which comprises adding to the fuel an organosiloxane having at least one quaternary ammonium substituted siloxane unit having the general formula R.sub.a ZSiO.sub.(3-a)/2 (i) in which a has the value of 1 or 2, each R represents a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group of up to 10 carbon atoms provided that one of the Rs may be a hydroxyl group when a has the value 2, Z represents a quaternary ammonium group R'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X.sup.- (ii) linked to the silicon atom of the siloxane unit, R' represents a divalent hydrocarbon group linking the silicon and nitrogen atoms, each R 2 represents an alkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms and X - represents a halogen ion. Preferred organosiloxanes also comprise siloxane units according to the general formula R.sub.b SiO.sub.(4-b)/2 (iii) in which each R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group of up to 10 carbon atoms and b has the value 1, 2, or 3 and may be according to the average general formula R.sub.3 SiO(R.sub.2 SiO).sub.x (RSiOR'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X - ) y SiR 3 (iv) in which x has a value in the range 1 to 150, y has a value in the range 1 to 10 and the ratio of x+y/y lies in the range 2 to 25. In preferred organosiloxanes two of the groups R 2 have 1 to 5 carbon atoms and one of the groups R 2 has a chain of 10 to 15 carbon atoms.
Inventors
- 👤 Thomas Easton
- 👤 Bryan Thomas
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 16:19
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/14; C10L1/28; C10L1/285
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 21
Claim 1
Independent Claim
145 words
A method of dehazing distillate fuel which comprises adding to the fuel an organosiloxane having at least one quaternary ammonium substituted siloxane unit having the general formula R.sub.a ZSiO.sub.(3-a)/2 (i) in which a has the value 1 or 2, each R is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups having up to 10 carbon atoms, provided that one R may be a hydroxyl group when a has the value 2, Z represents a quaternary ammonum group having the formula R'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X.sup.- (ii) linked to the siilcon atom of the siloxane unit, in which R' represents a divalent hydrocarbon group linking the silicon and nitrogen atoms, each R 2 represents an alkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms and X - represents a halogen ion, said distillate fuel containing up to about 0.1 percent by weight of water dispersed therein.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
145 words
A method of dehazing distillate fuel which comprises adding to the fuel an organosiloxane having at least one quaternary ammonium substituted siloxane unit having the general formula R.sub.a ZSiO.sub.(3-a)/2 (i) in which a has the value 1 or 2, each R is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted hydrocarbon groups having up to 10 carbon atoms, provided that one R may be a hydroxyl group when a has the value 2, Z represents a quaternary ammonum group having the formula R'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X.sup.- (ii) linked to the siilcon atom of the siloxane unit, in which R' represents a divalent hydrocarbon group linking the silicon and nitrogen atoms, each R 2 represents an alkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms and X - represents a halogen ion, said distillate fuel containing up to about 0.1 percent by weight of water dispersed therein.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the organosiloxane is composed exclusively of units (i).
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
54 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the organosiloxane is a polydiorganosiloxane composed of siloxane units (i) and siloxane units according to the general formula R.sub.b SiO.sub.(4-b)/2 (iii) in which each R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group of up to 10 carbon atoms and b has the value 1, 2, or 3.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
60 words
A method according to claim 3 wherein the organosiloxane is a polydiorganosiloxane according to the average general formula R.sub.3 SiO(R.sub.2 SiO).sub.x (RSiOR'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X.sup.-).sub.y SiR.sub.3 (iv) in which x has a value in the range 1 to 150, y has a value in the range 1 to 10 and the ratio of x+y/y lies in the range 2 to 25.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein not less than 80% of the groups R are methyl.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
34 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the group R' is an alkylene group according to the formula --(CH 2 ) n -- where n has a value in the range 2 to 10.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein two of the groups R 2 have 1 to 5 carbon atoms and one of the groups R 2 has a chain of 10 to 15 carbon atoms.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein the halogen ion X - is an iodide or chloride ion.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
12 words
A distillate fuel when treated by a method according to claim 1.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
A distillate fuel according to claim 9 wherein the distillate fuel is a diesel fuel.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
149 words
A mixture consisting essentially of: (I) a distillate fuel; (II) up to about 0.1 percent by weight of water based on the weight of said distillate fuel; and (III) a de-hazing amount of an organosiloxane having at least one quaternary ammonium substituted siloxane unit having the general formula R.sub.a ZSiO.sub.(3-a)/2 (i) in which a has the value 1 or 2, each R is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted hydrcarbon groups having up to 10 carbon atoms, provided that one R may be a hydroxyl group when a has the value 2, Z represents ammonium group having the formula R'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X.sup.- (ii) linked to the silicon atom of the siloxane unit, in which R' represents a divalent hydrocarbon group linking the silicon and nitrogen atoms, each R 2 represents an alkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms and X - represents a halogen ion.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
149 words
A mixture consisting essentially of: (I) a distillate fuel; (II) up to about 0.1 percent by weight of water based on the weight of said distillate fuel; and (III) a de-hazing amount of an organosiloxane having at least one quaternary ammonium substituted siloxane unit having the general formula R.sub.a ZSiO.sub.(3-a)/2 (i) in which a has the value 1 or 2, each R is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted hydrcarbon groups having up to 10 carbon atoms, provided that one R may be a hydroxyl group when a has the value 2, Z represents ammonium group having the formula R'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X.sup.- (ii) linked to the silicon atom of the siloxane unit, in which R' represents a divalent hydrocarbon group linking the silicon and nitrogen atoms, each R 2 represents an alkyl group having up to 20 carbon atoms and X - represents a halogen ion.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
A fuel according to claim 11 wherein the organosiloxane is composed exclusively of units (i).
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
54 words
A fuel according to claim 11 wherein the organosiloxane is a polydiorganosiloxane composed of siloxane units (i) and siloxane units according to the general formula R.sub.b SiO.sub.(4-b)/2 (iii) in which each R is a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group of up to 10 carbon atoms and b has the value 1, 2, or 3.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
60 words
A fuel according to claim 11 wherein the organosiloxane is a polydiorganosiloxane according to the average general formula R.sub.3 SiO(R.sub.2 SiO).sub.x (RSiOR'N.sup.+ (R.sup.2).sub.3 X.sup.-).sub.y SiR.sub.3 (iv) in which x has a value in the range 1 to 150, y has a value in the range 1 to 10 and the ratio of x+y/y lies in the range 2 to 25.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
A fuel according to claim 14 wherein not less than 80% of the groups R are methyl.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
34 words
A fuel according to claim 11 wherein the group R' is an alkylene group according to the formula --(CH 2 ) n -- where n has a value in the range 2 to 10.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
35 words
A fuel according to claim 11 wherein two of the groups R 2 have 1 to 5 carbon atoms and one of the groups R 2 has a chain of 10 to 15 carbon atoms.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
18 words
A fuel according to claim 11 wherein the halogen ion X - is an iodide or chloride ion.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
13 words
A fuel according to claim 11 wherein the fuel is a diesel fuel.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-04-03 | 1992-10-03 | 1993-04-04 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-04-03 | 1996-10-03 | 1997-04-04 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-04-03 | 2000-10-03 | 2001-04-04 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |