Digital speech coder having improved vector excitation source

Claim 3

The method according to claim 1, wherein said codebook vector generating step includes the steps of: (i) multiplying said set of X basis vectors by said plurality of interim data signals to produce a plurality of interim vectors; and (ii) summing said plurality of interim vectors to produce said codebook vectors.

Claim 4

The method according to claim 1, wherein each of said selector codewords can be represented in bits, and wherein said interim data signals are based upon the value of each bit of each selector codeword.

Claim 5

The method according to claim 1, wherein Y≧2 X .

Claim 6

A means for generating a set of 2 M codebook vectors for a vector quantizer, said codebook vector generating means comprising: means for converting a set of selector codewords into a plurality of interim data signals; means for inputting a set of M basis vectors; multiplying said set of basis vectors by said plurality of interim data signals to produce a plurality of interim vectors; and means for summing said plurality of interim vectors to produce said set of codebook vectors.

Claim 7

A means for generating a set of 2 M codebook vectors for a vector quantizer, said codebook vector generating means comprising: means for converting a set of selector codewords into a plurality of interim data signals; means for inputting a set of M basis vectors; multiplying said set of basis vectors by said plurality of interim data signals to produce a plurality of interim vectors; and means for summing said plurality of interim vectors to produce said set of codebook vectors.

Claim 8

The generating means according to claim 5, wherein said converting means produces said plurality of interim data signals θ im by identifying the state of each bit of each selector codeword i, where 0≦i≦2 M -1, and where 1≦m≦M, such that θ im has a first value if bit m of codeword i is of a first state, and such that θ im has a second value if bit m of codeword i is of a second state.

Claim 9

The generating means according to claim 5, wherein said basis vector inputting means includes memory means for storing said basis vectors.

Claim 14

The method according to claim 9, wherein said set of basis vectors is stored in memory.

Claim 15

The method according to claim 9, wherein said signal processing step includes linear filtering of said excitation signal.

Claim 16

The method according to claim 9, wherein said defining step produces said plurality of interim data signals θ im by identifying the state of each bit of said particular codeword i, where 0≦i≦2 M -1, and where 1≦m≦M, such that θ im has a first value if bit m of codeword i is of a first state, and such that θ im has a second value if bit m of codeword i is of a second state.

Claim 19

The method according to claim 13, wherein Y≧2 X .

Claim 20

The method according to claim 13, wherein said set of basis vectors is stored in memory.

Claim 21

The method according to claim 13, wherein said signal processing step includes linear filtering of said excitation vector.

Claim 22

The method according to claim 13, wherein a particular error signal meets said predetermined error criteria if said particular error signal has the least energy of all error signals.

Claim 23

The method according to claim 13, wherein each of said test excitation vectors is generated by: (i) multiplying said set of basis vectors by said plurality of interim data signals to produce a plurality of interim vectors; and (ii) summing said plurality of interim vectors to produce a single test excitation vector.

Claim 26

The method according to claim 19, wherein the number of calculations performed by said calculating step for each codeword is linear in X.

Claim 27

The method according to claim 19, wherein said calculating step sequences from the current codeword to the next codeword by changing only one bit of the codeword at a time in accordance with a predetermined sequencing technique.

Claim 28

The method according to claim 21, wherein said calculating step calculates parameters for the next codeword by updating parameters from the current codeword based upon said predetermined sequencing technique.

Claim 29

The method according to claim 19, wherein said comparison signals include a cross-correlation between said processed vectors and said input vector.

Claim 30

The method according to claim 19, wherein said comparison signals include a cross-correlation between each of said processed vectors and each other processed vector.

Claim 31

The method according to claim 19, wherein said set of basis vectors is stored in memory, and wherein said set of possible codebook vectors is not stored in memory.

Claim 32

The method according to claim 19, wherein Y≧2X.

Claim 33

The method according to claim 19, wherein said processed vector generating step includes linear filtering of said basis vectors.

Claim 34

The method according to claim 19, further including the step of generating said particular excitation vector by: (i) defining a plurality of interim data signals based upon said single excitation codeword; (ii) generating said particular excitation vector by performing linear transformations on said basis vectors, said linear transformations defined by said interim data signals.

Claim 35

The method according to claim 28, wherein said excitation vector generating step includes the steps of: (i) multiplying said set of basis vectors by said plurality of interim data signals to produce a plurality of interim vectors; and (ii) summing said plurality of interim vectors to produce said particular excitation vector.

Claim 36

A codebook search controller for a code-excited signal coder, said codebook search controller capable of selecting a particular codeword from a set of codewords, said particular codeword corresponding to a desired code vector, said desired code vector being one of at least 2 M possible code vectors, said particular codeword selected according to similarity characteristics between a given input signal and a reconstructed signal derived from said desired code vector, said codebook search controller comprising: means for generating a set of processed vectors from a set of M basis vectors; means for generating an input vector corresponding to said input signal; means for producing comparison signals based upon said processed vectors and said input vector; means for calculating parameters for each codeword corresponding to each of said 2 M possible code vectors, said parameters based upon said comparison signals; and means for selecting a particular codeword having calculated parameters which meet predetermined criteria, without generating said 2 M possible code vectors.

Claim 37

A codebook search controller for a code-excited signal coder, said codebook search controller capable of selecting a particular codeword from a set of codewords, said particular codeword corresponding to a desired code vector, said desired code vector being one of at least 2 M possible code vectors, said particular codeword selected according to similarity characteristics between a given input signal and a reconstructed signal derived from said desired code vector, said codebook search controller comprising: means for generating a set of processed vectors from a set of M basis vectors; means for generating an input vector corresponding to said input signal; means for producing comparison signals based upon said processed vectors and said input vector; means for calculating parameters for each codeword corresponding to each of said 2 M possible code vectors, said parameters based upon said comparison signals; and means for selecting a particular codeword having calculated parameters which meet predetermined criteria, without generating said 2 M possible code vectors.

Claim 38

The codebook search controller according to claim 30, wherein the number of calculations performed b said codebook search controller for each codeword is linear in M.

Claim 39

The codebook search controller according to claim 30, further comprising memory means for storing said set of M basis vectors.

Claim 40

The codebook search controller according to claim 32, wherein the size of said memory means is linear in M, and wherein said 2 M possible code vectors are not stored in said signal coder.

Claim 41

The codebook search controller according to claim 30, wherein said calculating means sequences from the current codeword to the next codeword by changing only one bit of the codeword at a time in accordance with a predetermined sequencing technique.

Claim 42

The codebook search controller according to claim 34, wherein said calculating means calculates parameters for the next codeword by updating parameters from the current codeword based upon said predetermined sequencing technique.

Claim 43

The codebook search controller according to claim 30, wherein said comparison signals include a crosscorrelation between said processed vectors and said input vector.

Claim 44

The codebook search controller according to claim 30, wherein said processed vector generating means includes means for linearly filtering said basis vectors.

Claim 45

The codebook search controller according to claim 30, further including means for generating said desired code vector including: means for defining a plurality of interim data signals based upon said particular codeword; and means for performing linear transformations on said basis vectors, said linear transformations defined by said interim data signals.

Claim 46

The codebook search controller according to claim 38, wherein said desired code vector generating means includes: means for multiplying said set of basis vectors by said plurality of interim data signals to produce a plurality of interim vectors; and means for summing said plurality of interim vectors to produce said desired code vector.

Claim 47

In a code-excited signal coder, a method of selecting a particular excitation codeword I from a set of Y excitation codewords, said particular excitation codeword representative of a desired excitation vector u I (n) capable of coding a portion of a given input signal, said input signal portion divided into a plurality of N signal samples, said selecting method comprising the steps of: (a) generating an input vector y(n) from said input signal portion, where 1≦n≦N; (b) compensating said input vector y(n) for previous filter states, thereby providing compensated vector p(n); (c) inputting a set of M basis vectors v m (n), where 1≦m≦M<Y; (d) filtering said basis vectors to produce zero-state response vectors q m (n) for each of said M basis vectors; (e) generating correlation signals from said zero-state response vectors q m (n) and said compensated vector p(n); (f) identifying a test codeword i from said set of Y excitation codewords; (g) calculating parameters for said test codeword i based upon said correlation signals; and (h) repeating only steps (f) and (g) identifying different test codewords i from said set of Y excitation codewords, and selecting the particular excitation codeword I having calculated parameters which meet predetermined criteria.

Claim 48

In a code-excited signal coder, a method of selecting a particular excitation codeword I from a set of Y excitation codewords, said particular excitation codeword representative of a desired excitation vector u I (n) capable of coding a portion of a given input signal, said input signal portion divided into a plurality of N signal samples, said selecting method comprising the steps of: (a) generating an input vector y(n) from said input signal portion, where 1≦n≦N; (b) compensating said input vector y(n) for previous filter states, thereby providing compensated vector p(n); (c) inputting a set of M basis vectors v m (n), where 1≦m≦M<Y; (d) filtering said basis vectors to produce zero-state response vectors q m (n) for each of said M basis vectors; (e) generating correlation signals from said zero-state response vectors q m (n) and said compensated vector p(n); (f) identifying a test codeword i from said set of Y excitation codewords; (g) calculating parameters for said test codeword i based upon said correlation signals; and (h) repeating only steps (f) and (g) identifying different test codewords i from said set of Y excitation codewords, and selecting the particular excitation codeword I having calculated parameters which meet predetermined criteria.

Claim 49

The method according to claim 40, wherein said codeword selecting method performs a maximum number of multiply-accumulate operations for selecting each codeword which is linear in M.

Claim 50

The method according to claim 40, wherein said calculating step sequences from the current codeword to the next codeword by changing only one bit of the codeword at a time in accordance with a predetermined sequencing technique.

Claim 51

The method according to claim 42, wherein said calculating step calculates parameters for the next codeword by updating parameters from the current codeword based upon said predetermined sequencing technique.

Claim 52

The method according to claim 42, wherein said predetermined sequencing technique is a Gray code.

Claim 53

The method according to claim 40, wherein said correlation signals include cross-correlation R m according to the equation: ##EQU30## where 1≦m≦M.

Claim 54

The method according to claim 40, wherein said correlation signals include cross-correlation D mj according to the equation: ##EQU31## where 1≦m≦j≦M.

Claim 55

The method according to claim 40, further including the step of generating said desired excitation vector u I (n) by: (i) identifying a signal θ Im for each bit of codeword I, such that θ Im has a first value if bit m of codeword I is of a first state, and such that θ Im has a second value if bit m of codeword I is of a second state; and (ii) calculating u I (n) according to the equation: ##EQU32## where 1≦n≦N.

Claim 56

The method according to claim 40, wherein Y=2 M .

Claim 59

A speech coder comprising: input means for providing an input vector corresponding to a segment of input speech; means for providing a set of codewords corresponding to a set of Y possible excitation vectors; a first signal path including: means for filtering excitation vectors; a second signal path including: means for providing X basis vectors, where X<Y; means for filtering said basis vectors; means for comparing said filtered basis vectors to said input vector, thereby providing comparison signals; controller means for evaluating said set of codewords and said comparison signals, and for providing a particular codeword representative of a single excitation vector which, when passed through said first signal path, most closely resembles said input vector; and generator means for generating said single excitation vector by performing a linear transformation on said basis vectors as defined by said particular codeword, whereby the evaluation of said set of Y possible excitation vectors is simulated without passing each of said Y possible excitation vectors through said first signal path.

Claim 60

A speech coder comprising: input means for providing an input vector corresponding to a segment of input speech; means for providing a set of codewords corresponding to a set of Y possible excitation vectors; a first signal path including: means for filtering excitation vectors; a second signal path including: means for providing X basis vectors, where X<Y; means for filtering said basis vectors; means for comparing said filtered basis vectors to said input vector, thereby providing comparison signals; controller means for evaluating said set of codewords and said comparison signals, and for providing a particular codeword representative of a single excitation vector which, when passed through said first signal path, most closely resembles said input vector; and generator means for generating said single excitation vector by performing a linear transformation on said basis vectors as defined by said particular codeword, whereby the evaluation of said set of Y possible excitation vectors is simulated without passing each of said Y possible excitation vectors through said first signal path.

Claim 61

The speech coder according to claim 50, wherein said generator means includes: means for defining a plurality of interim data signals based upon said particular codeword; means for multiplying said basis interim data signals to produce a plurality of interim vectors; and means for summing said plurality of interim vectors to produce said single excitation vector.

Claim 62

The speech coder according to claim 50, wherein said first signal path includes means for scaling said excitation vectors by a gain factor, said gain factor provided by said controller means.

Claim 63

The speech coder according to claim 50, wherein the number of calculations performed in simulating the evaluation of each of said possible excitation vectors is linear in X.