US4816414A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Methods and apparatus for detecting an analyte of interest capable of being converted into a carbonyl-containing composition
Assignee: Arthur D Little Inc
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Filing: 1987-10-02
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Granted: 1989-03-28
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Expires: 2007-10-02
Abstract
Abstract The present invention provides unique methods and apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample by selective oxidation of the analyte into a carbonyl-containing compound followed by the controlled formation and growth of optically visible crystals as a qualitative and quantitative measure of the analyte. Epoxides, alcohols, olefins, arylalkanes and alkyl halides are among the many different classes or chemical entities which can be selectively detected in the concomittant presence or absence of other substances within the test sample.
Inventors
- 👤 Martin Koocher
- 👤 Nathan O. Siemers
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-10 02:35
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N31/00; G01N31/005; G01N25/00; G01N25/14; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T436/00; Y10T436/20; Y10T436/200833
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 48
Claim 1
Independent Claim
132 words
A rapid method for detecting the presence of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said method comprising the steps of: reacting the fluid sample with an oxidizing agent selectively reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; and optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
132 words
A rapid method for detecting the presence of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said method comprising the steps of: reacting the fluid sample with an oxidizing agent selectively reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; and optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
137 words
A rapid method for detecting the presence of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said method comprising the steps of: reacting the fluid sample in the ambient environment with a solid oxidizing agent reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with a derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; and optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
137 words
A rapid method for detecting the presence of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said method comprising the steps of: reacting the fluid sample in the ambient environment with a solid oxidizing agent reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with a derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; and optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 5
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for converting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample into a carbonyl-containing composition in the presence of at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of: combining the fluid sample with a cleansing agent which selectively reacts with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; and reacting said cleansed sample with a selective oxidizing agent reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
99 words
A method for converting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample into a carbonyl-containing composition in the presence of at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of: combining the fluid sample with a cleansing agent which selectively reacts with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; and reacting said cleansed sample with a selective oxidizing agent reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
100 words
A method for converting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample into a carbonyl-containing composition in the presence of at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of: combining the fluid sample with a cleansing agent which selectively reacts with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; and reacting said cleansed sample with a solid oxidizing agent reactive with the the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction.
Claim 8
Independent Claim
100 words
A method for converting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample into a carbonyl-containing composition in the presence of at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of: combining the fluid sample with a cleansing agent which selectively reacts with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; and reacting said cleansed sample with a solid oxidizing agent reactive with the the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
173 words
A rapid method for detecting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of; combining the mixed fluid sample with a cleansing agent which reacts selectively with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interaest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; reacting said cleansed sample with an oxidizing agent selectively reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with a derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; and optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
173 words
A rapid method for detecting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of; combining the mixed fluid sample with a cleansing agent which reacts selectively with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interaest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; reacting said cleansed sample with an oxidizing agent selectively reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with a derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; and optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
172 words
A rapid method for detecting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of: combining the mixed fluid sample with a cleansing agent which reacts selectively with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; reacting said cleansed sample with a solid oxidizing agent reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with a derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
172 words
A rapid method for detecting an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said method comprising the steps of: combining the mixed fluid sample with a cleansing agent which reacts selectively with the other substance and is substantially unreactive with the analyte of interest to yield a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance; reacting said cleansed sample with a solid oxidizing agent reactive with the analyte of interest to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; combining said oxidized product with a derivatizing agent in the presence of a solid support to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ, said nucleating sites being immobilized on the surface of a solid substrate; reacting said immobilized nucleating sites with a metastable supersaturated solution such that a plurality of optically detectable crystals are formed; optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method as recited in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 wherein the analyte of interest is an entity selected from the group consisting of epoxides, alcohols, olefins, aryl alkanes and primary alkyl halides.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
42 words
The method as recited in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 wherein said oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of periodic acid, manganese dioxide, 3-carboxypyridinium dichromate, potassium permanganate, ceric ammonium nitrate, palladium chloride and cupric chloride, and 4-dimethylaminopyridinen-N-oxide.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as recited in claim 3, 4, 5, or 6 wherein the other substance is an entity selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and ketones.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
28 words
The method as recited in claim 9 wherein said cleansing agent is selected from the group consisting of nicotinic acid hydrazide, 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine, salicylhyrazide, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as recited in claim 3, 4, 5, or 6 wherein the other substance is an entity selected from the group consisting of organic acids and inorganic acids.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
The method as recited in claim 11 wherein said cleansing agent is selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method as recited in claim 3, 4, 5, or 6 wherein the other substance is an entity selected from the group consisting of ammonia and amines.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method as recited in claim 13 wherein said cleansing agent is an organic acid.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
18 words
The method as recited in claim 3, 4, 5, or 6 wherein the other substance is a cyanide.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
The method as recited in claim 15 wherein said cleansing agent is an entity selected from the group consisting of silver salts, nickel salts, copper salts and iron salts.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
77 words
The method as recited in claim 1, 2, 5, or 6 wherein said derivatizing agent is selected from the group consisting of adipic dihydrazide; benzoylhydrazine; isonicotinic acid hydrazide; nicotinic acid hydrazide; oxalyl dihydrazide; oxamic hydrazide; salicylhydrazide; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine; semicarbazide; dimethone or dimedone; p-nitrophenylhydrazine; phenylhydrazine; thiosemicarbazide; bromobenzohydrazine o,m,p); 2,4-dinitromethyphenylhydrazine; p-carboxphenylhydrazine; nitrobenzenesulfonhydrazine; p-nitrobenzohydrazine; diphenylhydrazine; 2-naphthylhydrazine; p-chlorobenzohydrazine; m-chlorobenzohydrazine; nitroguanylhydrazine; alpha-(alpha 4-nitrophenyl)-alpha-methyl-hydrazine; xenylsemicarbazide; tolylsemicarbazide (o,m,p); phenylsemicarbazide; 1-naphthylsemicarbazide; 2-naththylsemicarbazide; 3,5-dinitrophenylsemicarbazide; dibromomethone; benzothiazole; benzothiazoline; aminomorpholines; hydrazinobenzoic acid; 5-(1-phenylmethyl)semioxazide 1,3-cyclohexadione; 1,2-bis(p-methoxybenzylamino)ethane or p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
75 words
The method as recited in claim 1, 2, 5, or 6 wherein said metastable supersaturated solution is a carbonyl-reaction product of adipic dihydrazide; benzoylhydrazine; isonicotinic acid hydrazide; nicotinic acid hydrazide; oxalyl dihydrazide; oxamic hydrazide; salicylhydrazide; 2,4-dinitrophenylnydrazine; semicarbazide; dimethone or dimedone; p-nitrophenylhydrazine; phenylhydrazine; thiosemicarbazide; bromobenzohydrazine o,m,p); 2,4-dinitromethylphenylhydrazine; p-carboxphenylhydrazine; nitrobenzenesulfonhydrazine; p-nitrobenzohydrazine; diphenylhydrazine; 2-naphthylhydrazine; p-chlorobenzohydrazine; m-chlorobenzohydrazine; nitroguanylhydrazine; alpha-(alpha,4-nitrophenyl)-alpha-methyl-hydrazine; xenylsemicarbazide; tolylsemicarbazide (o,m,p); phenylsemicarbazide; 1-naphthylsemicarbazide; 2-naththylsemicarbazide; 3,5-dinitrophenylsemicarbazide; dibromomethone; benzothiazole; benzothiazoline; aminomorpholines; hydrazinobenzoic acid; 5-(1-phenylmethyl)semioxazide 1,3-cyclohexadione; 1,2-bis(p-methoxybenzylamino)ethane or p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
36 words
The method as recited in claim 1, 2, 5, or 6 wherein said metastable supersaturated solution comprises a selective composition which is identical to said reaction product formed by said oxidized product with said derivatizing agent.
Claim 26
Independent Claim
188 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and means for entry of the fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; oxidizing reagent means within said chamber for selective reaction with the analyte of interest in the sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said selective oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within the interior of said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of immobilized nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 27
Independent Claim
188 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and means for entry of the fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; oxidizing reagent means within said chamber for selective reaction with the analyte of interest in the sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said selective oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within the interior of said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of immobilized nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 28
Independent Claim
188 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and means for entry of the fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; solid oxidizing reagent means within said chamber for reaction with the analyte of interest in the sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said solid oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within the interior of said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of immobilized nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 29
Independent Claim
188 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a fluid sample, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and means for entry of the fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; solid oxidizing reagent means within said chamber for reaction with the analyte of interest in the sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said solid oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within the interior of said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of immobilized nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 30
Independent Claim
247 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and a means for entry of the mixed fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; cleansing reagent means within said chamber for selectively reacting with the other substance in the sample and substantially avoiding reaction with the analyte of interest such that a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance is obtained; oxidizing reagent means within said chamber adjacent to said dry cleansing reagent means, said oxidizing reagent means selectively oxidizing the analyte of interest in said cleansed sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said dry oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution to said solid substrate such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the mixed sample.
Claim 31
Independent Claim
247 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and a means for entry of the mixed fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; cleansing reagent means within said chamber for selectively reacting with the other substance in the sample and substantially avoiding reaction with the analyte of interest such that a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance is obtained; oxidizing reagent means within said chamber adjacent to said dry cleansing reagent means, said oxidizing reagent means selectively oxidizing the analyte of interest in said cleansed sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said dry oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution to said solid substrate such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said formed crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the mixed sample.
Claim 32
Independent Claim
236 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and means for entry of the mixed fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; solid cleansing reagent means within said chamber for selectively reacting with the other substance and substantially avoiding reaction with the analyte of interest such that a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance is obtained; solid oxidizing reagent means within said chamber adjacent to said solid cleansing reagent means for oxidizing the analyte of interest in said cleansed sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said solid oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of immobilized nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 33
Independent Claim
236 words
An apparatus for the detection of an analyte of interest in a mixed fluid sample containing at least one other substance, said apparatus comprising: a chamber having a closed interior volume and means for entry of the mixed fluid sample into the interior of said chamber; solid cleansing reagent means within said chamber for selectively reacting with the other substance and substantially avoiding reaction with the analyte of interest such that a cleansed sample substantially free of the other substance is obtained; solid oxidizing reagent means within said chamber adjacent to said solid cleansing reagent means for oxidizing the analyte of interest in said cleansed sample to yield at least one oxidized product having at least one carbonyl group available for reaction; a solid substrate within said chamber adjacent to said solid oxidizing reagent means, a surface of said solid substrate supporting a derivatizing agent able to react with such oxidized product as is present within said chamber to yield a reaction product formed as a plurality of immobilized nucleating sites in-situ on the surface of said solid substrate; means for treating said solid substrate with a metastable supersaturated solution such that said nucleating sites on the surface of said substrate form a plurality of optically detectable crystals; and means for optically detecting the presence of said crystals on the surface of said solid substrate as a measure of the analyte of interest in the sample.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 20, 21, 22, or 23 wherein said oxidizing reagent means comprises a porous material containing an oxidizing agent.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
22 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 22 or 23 wherein said cleansing reagent means comprises a porous material containing a cleansing agent.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
20 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 20, 21, 22, or 23 wherein said chamber is composed of optically transparent material.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
24 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 20, 21, 22, or 23 wherein a quantitative scale is disposed upon said chamber to provide quantitative measurement.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
35 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 20, 21, 22, or 23 wherein said metastable supersaturated solution comprises a selective composition which is identical to said reaction formed by said oxidized product with said derivatizing agent.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 22 or 23 wherein the other substance is an entity selected from the group consisting of aldehydes and ketones.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
29 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 29 wherein said cleansing reagent means is selected from the group consisting of nicotinic acid hydrazide, 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine, salicylhydrazide, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 22 or 23 wherein the other substance is an entity selected from the group consisting of organic acids and inorganic acids.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
27 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 31 wherein said cleansing reagent means is selected from the group consisting of alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides, carbonates and bicarbonates.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
25 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 22 or 23 wherein the other substance is an entity selected from the group consisting of ammonia and amines.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 33 wherein said cleansing reagent means is an organic acid.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
16 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 22 or 23 wherein the other substance is a cyanide.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
28 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 35 wherein said cleansing reagent means is selected from the group consisting of silver salts, nickel salts, copper salts, and iron salts.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
39 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 20, 21, 22, or 23 wherein said oxidizing reagent means is selected from the group consisting of periodic acid, manganese dioxide, 3-carboxy pyridinium dichromate, potassium permanganate, palladium chloride and cupric chloride, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine-N-oxide.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
76 words
The apparatus as recited in claim 20, 21, 22, or 23 wherein said derivatizing agent is selected from the group consisting of adipic dihydrazide; benzoylhydrazine; isonicotinic acid hydrazide; nicotinic acid hydrazide; oxalyl dihydrazide; oxamic hydrazide; salicylhydrazide; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine; semicarbazide; dimethone or dimedone; p-nitrophenylhydrazine; phenylhydrazine; thiosemicarbazide; bromobenzohydrazine o,m,p); 2,4-dinitromethylphenylhydrazine; p-carboxphenylhydrazine; nitrobenzenesulfonhydrazine; p-nitrobenzohydrazine; diphenylhydrazine; 2-naphthylhydrazine; p-chlorobenzohydrazine; m-chlorobenzohydrazine; nitroguanylhydrazine; alpha-(alpha,4-nitrophenyl)-alpha-methylhydrazine; xenylsemicarbazide; tolylsemicarbazide (o,m,p); phenylsemicarbazide; 1-naphthylsemicarbazide; 2-naththylsemicarbazide; 3,5-dinitrophenylsemicarbazide; dibromomethone; benzothiazole; benzothiazoline; aminomorpholines; hydrazinobenzoic acid; 5-(1-phenylmethyl)semioxazide 1,3-cyclohexadione; 1,2-bis(p-methoxybenzylamino)ethane or p-hydroxybenzoic acid hydrazide.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-03-27 | 1992-09-26 | 1993-03-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-03-27 | 1996-09-26 | 1997-03-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 2000-03-27 | 2000-09-26 | 2001-03-28 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |