US4812146A — Liquid fuels of high octane values

Claim 1

Independent Claim 37 words

An unleaded fuel composition havng an octane rating of about 100 or more, said fuel comprising toluene and alkylate and at least two further components selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 37 words

An unleaded fuel composition havng an octane rating of about 100 or more, said fuel comprising toluene and alkylate and at least two further components selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 45 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 comprising the components shown in the following table in the concentration ranges indicated: ______________________________________ Toluene 46 to 60 vol. % Isopentane 7 to 15 vol. % Alkylate 15 to 35 vol. % MTBE 5 to 10 vol. % ______________________________________

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 51 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 comprising the components shown in the following table in the concentration ranges indicated: ______________________________________ Toluene 48 to 60 vol. % Isopentane 2 to 8 vol. % Alkylate 20 to 35 vol. % MTBE 5 to 10 vol. % n-butane 1 to 5 vol. % ______________________________________

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 60 words

A fuel composition comprising a volatility trimming agent selected from the group consisting of isobutylene and isobutane blended with the fuel of claim 1, with the blend conforming to the formula: X+Y=100, where X is the volumetric percent of volatility trimming agent and Y is the volumetric percent of fuel composition, with X being at least about 1 volume percent.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 24 words

The fuel composition of claim 4 being essentially free of any component other than isopentane, n-butane, toluene, alkylate, methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isobutane, and isobutylene.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 23 words

The fuel composition of claim 5 wherein the volumetric concentration of the volatility trimming agent is no greater than about 9 volume percent.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 11 words

The fuel composition of claim 6 containing isobutane but no isobutylene.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 23 words

The fuel composition of claim 5 wherein the volumetric concentration of the volatility trimming agent is no greater than about 6 volume percent.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 11 words

The fuel composition of claim 8 containing isobutylene but no isobutane.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 88 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the fuel components of toluene, alkylate, isopentane, n-butane, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether concentrations, when inserted into the following equation yield a value for OV of 99 or more: ##EQU2## where OV is the octane value, B is the concentration of butane in volume percent, I is the concentration of isopentane in volume percent, A is the concentration of alkylate in volume percent, T is the concentration of toluene in volume percent, and M is the concentration of MTBE in volume percent.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 27 words

The fuel composition of claim 10 wherein said fuel components are present in concentrations such that the OV value calculated by the equation is 100 or more.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 11 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 10 psi max. Dist. 10% 149° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-245° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 10 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 9 psi max. Dist. 10% 158° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-250° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 27 words

The fuel composition of claim 10 wherein said fuel components are present in concentrations such that the OV value calculated by the equation is 101 or more.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 57 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the n-butane concentration is no more than about 5 volume percent, the isopentane no more than about 15 volume percent, the alkylate no more than about 90 volume percent, the toluene no more than about 60 volume percent, and the methyl tertiary-butyl ether no more than about 10 volume percent.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 33 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein isopentane is present in at least a concentration of 2 volume percent, toluene at least 46 volume percent, and alkylate is at least 15 volume percent.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 19 words

The fuel composition of claim 16 wherein n-butane is present in at least a concentration of 1 volume percent.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 21 words

The fuel composition of claim 17 wherein methyl tertiary-butyl ether is present in at least a concentration of 5 volume percent.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 21 words

The fuel composition of claim 16 wherein methyl tertiary-butyl ether is present in at least a concentration of 5 volume percent.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 9 psi max. Dist. 10% 158° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-250° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of a least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 10 psi max. Dist. 10% 149° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-245° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 11.5 psi max. Dist. 10% 140° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-240° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 13 psi max. Dist. 10% 131° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-234° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the octane rating of the fuel composition is at least 100.5.

Claim 26

Dependent Claim 26 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 containing no more than 1.0 volume percent of any component other than isopentane, n-butane, toluene, alkylate, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether.

Claim 27

Dependent Claim 24 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the alkylate has a motor octane value and a research octane value each of at least 95.

Claim 28

Dependent Claim 29 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 free of any ingredient or combination of ingredients which increases or decreases the octane value of the fuel by more than 1.0 unit.

Claim 29

Dependent Claim 29 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 free of any ingredient or combination of ingredients which increases or decreases the octane value of the fuel by more than 0.5 unit.

Claim 30

Dependent Claim 29 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 free of any ingredient or combination of ingredients which increases or decreases the octane value of the fuel by more than 0.2 unit.

Claim 31

Dependent Claim 36 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein at least 99% by volume of said fuel composition is a mixture of toluene and alkylate and at least two components consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 32

Dependent Claim 36 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein at least 95% by volume of said fuel composition is a mixture of toluene and alkylate and at least two components consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 33

Dependent Claim 36 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein at least 90% by volume of said fuel composition is a mixture of toluene and alkylate and at least two components consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 34

Dependent Claim 36 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein at least 85% by volume of said fuel composition is a mixture of toluene and alkylate and at least two components consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 35

Dependent Claim 22 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein said alkylate has both a research octane and motor octane rating of at least 100.

Claim 36

Dependent Claim 22 words

The fuel composition of claim 1 wherein said alkylate has both a research octane and motor octane rating of at least 98.

Claim 37

Dependent Claim 37 words

A fuel composition having an octane rating of about 100 or more and consisting essentially of toluene and alkylate, and at least two further components selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 38

Dependent Claim 37 words

A fuel composition having an octane rating of about 100 or more and consisting essentially of toluene and alkylate, and at least two further components selected from the group consisting of methyl tertiary-butyl ether, isopentane, and n-butane.

Claim 39

Dependent Claim 49 words

The fuel composition of claim 36 consisting essentially of the components shown in the following table in the concentration ranges indicated: TABLE 7 ______________________________________ Toluene 46 to 60 vol. % Isopentane 7 to 15 vol. % Alkylate 15 to 35 vol. % MTBE 5 to 10 vol. % ______________________________________

Claim 40

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 37 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 9 psi max. Dist. 10% 158° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-250° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 41

Dependent Claim 53 words

The fuel composition of claim 36 consisting essentially of the components shown in the following table in the concentration ranges indicated: ______________________________________ Toluene 48 to 60 vol. % Isopentane 2 to 8 vol. % Alkylate 20 to 35 vol. % MTBE 5 to 10 vol. % n-butane 1 to 5 vol. % ______________________________________

Claim 42

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 39 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 9 psi max. Dist. 10% 158° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-250° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 43

Dependent Claim 38 words

The fuel composition of claim 36 consisting essentially of about 4 to 6 volume percent n-butane, about 5.4 to 7.4 volume percent isopentane, about 59 to 61 volume percent toluene, and about 27.6 to 29.6 volume percent alkylate.

Claim 44

Dependent Claim 57 words

The fuel composition of claim 36 wherein the n-butane concentration is no more than about 5 volume percent, the isopentane no more than about 15 volume percent, the alkylate no more than about 90 volume percent, the toluene no more than about 60 volume percent, and the methyl tertiary-butyl ether no more than about 10 volume percent.

Claim 45

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 wherein the octane rating of the fuel composition is at least 100.5.

Claim 46

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 9 psi max. Dist. 10% 158° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-250° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 47

Dependent Claim 19 words

The fuel composition of claim 44 wherein the V/L ratio at 145° F. is no greater than about 8.5.

Claim 48

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 13 psi max. Dist. 10% 131° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-234° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 49

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 10 psi max. Dist. 10% 149° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-245° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 50

Dependent Claim 13 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 wherein said fuel composition is a gasoline.

Claim 51

Dependent Claim 38 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 wherein said alkylate consists essentially of a mixture of hydrocarbons, at least 90% of which by volume are branched chain paraffins, said alkylate boiling in the range of 75° to 400° F.

Claim 52

Dependent Claim 13 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 wherein the alkylate consists essentially of isooctane.

Claim 53

Dependent Claim 88 words

The fuel composition of claim 42 wherein the fuel components of toluene, alkylate, isopentane, n-butane, and methyl tertiary-butyl ether concentrations, when inserted into the following equation yield a value for OV of 99 or more: ##EQU3## where OV is the octane value, B is the concentration of butane in volume percent, I is the concentration of isopentane in volume percent, A is the concentration of alkylate in volume percent, T is the concentration of toluene in volume percent, and M is the concentration of MTBE in volume percent.

Claim 54

Dependent Claim 27 words

The fuel composition of claim 51 wherein said fuel components are present in concentrations such that the OV value calculated by the equation is 101 or more.

Claim 55

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 51 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 11.5 psi max. Dist. 10% 140° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-240° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 56

Dependent Claim 21 words

The fuel composition of claim 51 wherein said fuel components are present in concentrations yielding an OV of 99.5 or more.

Claim 57

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 51 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 13 psi max. Dist. 10% 131° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-234° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 58

Dependent Claim 21 words

The fuel composition of claim 51 wherein said fuel components are present in concentrations yielding an OV of 99.7 or more.

Claim 59

Dependent Claim 27 words

The fuel composition of claim 51 wherein said fuel components are present in concentrations such that the OV value calculated by the equation is 100.5 or more.

Claim 60

Dependent Claim 27 words

The fuel composition of claim 51 wherein said fuel components are present in concentrations such that the OV value calculated by the equation is 100 or more.

Claim 61

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 wherein said alkylate boils in the range of 240° to 300° F.

Claim 62

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 wherein said alkylate boils in the range of 300° to 350° F.

Claim 63

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 wherein said alkylate boils in the range of 355° to 410° F.

Claim 64

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 13 psi max. Dist. 10% 131° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-234° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 65

Dependent Claim 19 words

The fuel composition of claim 62 wherein the V/L ratio at 145° F. is no greater than about 8.5.

Claim 66

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 wherein at least 75 percent by volume of the alkylate is isooctane.

Claim 67

Dependent Claim 32 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 wherein at least 90 percent of said alkylate is branched chain paraffins, at least 50% of which is isooctane, the remainder consisting essentially of organic compounds.

Claim 68

Dependent Claim 23 words

The fuel composition of claim 65 wherein said alkylate consists essentially of hydrocarbons and boils in the range of 75° to 400° F.

Claim 69

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 9 psi max. Dist. 10% 158° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-250° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 70

Dependent Claim 19 words

The fuel composition of claim 67 wherein the V/L ratio at 145° F. is no greater than about 8.5.

Claim 71

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 68 wherein the octane rating of the fuel composition is at least 100.5.

Claim 72

Dependent Claim 44 words

The fuel composition of claim 69 wherein said alkylate consists essentially of hydrocarbons, with at least 90 percent of said alkylate being branched chain paraffins, at least 50% of which paraffins is isooctane, said alkylate boiling in the range of 90° to 375° F.

Claim 73

Dependent Claim 44 words

The fuel composition of claim 68 wherein said alkylate consists essentially of hydrocarbons, with at least 90 percent of said alkylate being branched chain paraffins, at least 50% of which paraffins is isooctane, said alkylate boiling in the range of 90° to 375° F.

Claim 74

Dependent Claim 33 words

The fuel composition of claim 58 wherein isopentane is present in at least a concentration of 2 volume percent, toluene at least 46 volume percent, and alkylate concentration at least 15 volume percent.

Claim 75

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 72 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 11.5 psi max. Dist. 10% 140° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-240° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 76

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 72 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 13 psi max. Dist. 10% 131° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-234° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 77

Dependent Claim 19 words

The fuel composition of claim 72 wherein n-butane is present in at least a concentration of 1 volume percent.

Claim 78

Dependent Claim 21 words

The fuel composition of claim 75 wherein methyl tertiary-butyl ether is present in at least a concentration of 5 volume percent.

Claim 79

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 76 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 10 psi max. Dist. 10% 149° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-245° F. Dist. 90% 374° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 80

Dependent Claim 21 words

The fuel composition of claim 72 wherein methyl tertiary-butyl ether is present in at least a concentration of 5 volume percent.

Claim 81

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 78 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 11.5 psi max. Dist. 10% 140° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-240° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 82

Dependent Claim 46 words

The fuel composition of claim 78 being an unleaded gasoline of octane rating of at least 100, said gasoline conforming to the following specifications: ______________________________________ Reid Vapor Pressure 13 psi max. Dist. 10% 131° F. max. Dist. 50% 170°-234° F. Dist. 90% 365° F. max. ______________________________________

Claim 83

Dependent Claim 19 words

The fuel composition of claim 80 wherein the V/L ratio at 145° F. is no greater than about 8.5.

Claim 84

Dependent Claim 18 words

The fuel composition of claim 81 wherein the octane rating of the fuel composition is at least 100.5.

Claim 85

Dependent Claim 44 words

The fuel composition of claim 81 wherein said alkylate consists essentially of hydrocarbons, with at least 90 percent of said alkylate being branched chain paraffins, at least 50% of which paraffins is isooctane, said alkylate boiling in the range of 90° to 375° F.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1992-03-13	1992-09-12	1993-03-14	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1996-03-13	1996-09-12	1997-03-14	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2000-03-13	2000-09-12	2001-03-14	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Liquid fuels of high octane values

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