US4808500A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Stabilizing hydrophilic gelatin holograms having improved resistance to swelling
Assignee: Dai Nippon Printing Co Ltd
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Filing: 1987-11-20
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Granted: 1989-02-28
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Expires: 2007-11-20
Abstract
Abstract A method for treating photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin holograms to reduce swelling when the gelatin is exposed to moisture. Two reactants which are capable of forming solid reaction products are migrated into the interstitial voids within the gelatin to form a filled gelatin which is resistant to both swelling and shrinkage due to moisture variations. Embodiments are disclosed in which the reactants are migrated simultaneously and sequentially into the gelatin. Examples of a first reactant are silane, chloronated silanes (trichlorosilane and tetrachlorosilane, fluorosilane) and a second reactant oxygen, ammonia, water vapor and suitable gaseous sources of oxygen.
Inventors
- 👤 John E. Wreede
- 👤 Edward T. Knobbe
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-03 23:39
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03H; G03H1/00; G03H1/04; G03H1/18; G03C; G03C5/00; G03C5/26
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 33
Claim 1
Independent Claim
116 words
In a hologram comprising a layer of photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin on at least a portion of a substrate, said gelatin having interstitial spaces dispersed throughout said gelatin layer, said gelatin layer being susceptible to swelling when said gelatin is exposed to moisture, said swelling resulting in changes in the optical characteristics by said hologram, wherein the improvement comprises: migrating a first reactant into the interstitial spaces within said gelatin layer; and migrating a second reactant into the interstitial spaces within said gelatin layer wherein said first and second reactants react to form a solid reaction product within said interstitial spaces to thereby form a filled gelatin zone having increased resistance to swelling when exposed to moisture.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
116 words
In a hologram comprising a layer of photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin on at least a portion of a substrate, said gelatin having interstitial spaces dispersed throughout said gelatin layer, said gelatin layer being susceptible to swelling when said gelatin is exposed to moisture, said swelling resulting in changes in the optical characteristics by said hologram, wherein the improvement comprises: migrating a first reactant into the interstitial spaces within said gelatin layer; and migrating a second reactant into the interstitial spaces within said gelatin layer wherein said first and second reactants react to form a solid reaction product within said interstitial spaces to thereby form a filled gelatin zone having increased resistance to swelling when exposed to moisture.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
21 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said first reactant is selected from the group consisting of silane, chlorosilane and fluorosilane.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
17 words
A method according to claim 1 wherein said first reactant is an organometallic containing titanium or aluminum.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ammonia and water vapor.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
26 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said photosensitive hydrophilic gelatin is selected from the group consisting of dichromated gelatin, diazo gelatin and silver halide emulsions.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said first reactant is silane and said second reactant is oxygen.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improyement according to claim 1 wherein said first reactant is tetrachlorosilane and said second reactant is oxygen.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
29 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said substrate is a plastic selected from the group consisting of silicone rubbers, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic, polyethylene, polyesters, and cellulose acetate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
64 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said layer of photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin is on a first side of said hologram and said substrate is on a second side of said hologram and said substrate is gas permeable, wherein said first reactant is migrated into said hologram from said first side and said second reactant is migrated into said hologram from said second side.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
21 words
The improvement according to claim 9 wherein said first reactant is selected from the group consisting of silane, chlorosilane and fluorosilane.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
22 words
The improvement according to claim 9 wherein said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ammonia and water vapor.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
26 words
The improvement according to claim 9 wherein said photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin is selected from the group consisting of dichromated gelatin, diazo gelatin and silver halide emulsions.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
31 words
The improvement according to claim 9 wherein said substrate is a gas permeable plastic selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic, polyethylene, polyesters, and cellulose acetate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
18 words
The improvement according to claim 9 wherein said first reactant is silane and said second reactant is oxygen.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
21 words
The improvement according to claim 9 wherein said layer of photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin is between about 5 to 20 microns thick.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
11 words
The improvement according to claim 14 wherein said substrate is polycarbonate.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
34 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein said first reactant is migrated into said layer of photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin and then said second reactant is subsequently migrated into said layer of photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
The improvement according to claim 17 wherein said first reactant is selected from the group consisting of silane, chlorosilane and fluorosilane.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
22 words
The improvement according to claim 17 wherein said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ammonia and water vapor.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
29 words
The improvement according to claim 17 wherein said substrate is a plastic selected from the group consisting of silicone rubber, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic, polyethylene, polyesters, and cellulose acetate.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
26 words
The improvement according to claim 17 wherein said photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin is selected from the group consisting of dichromated gelatin, diazo gelatin and silver halide emulsions.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
The improvement according to claim 16 wherein said layer of photosensitive, hydrophilic gelatin is between about 5 to 20 microns thick.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
12 words
The improvement according to claim 17 wherein said first reactant is oxygen.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
12 words
The improvement according to claim 17 wherein said second reactant is silane.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
14 words
A moisture resistant hologram having a filled gelatin layer forme according to claim 1.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
14 words
A moisture resistant hologram having a filled gelatin layer formed according to claim 9.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
14 words
A moisture resistant hologram having a filled gelatin layer formed according to claim 17.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
17 words
The improvement according to claim 23 wherein said first reactant is an organometallic containing titanium or aluminum.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
44 words
The improvement according to claim 2 wherein said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ammonia and water vapor except that when said first reactant is silane, then said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and ammonia.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
44 words
The improvement according to claim 10 wherein said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ammonia and water vapor except that when said first reactant is silane then said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and ammonia.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
44 words
The improvement according to claim 18 wherein said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, ammonia and water vapor except that when said first reactant is silane, then said second reactant is selected from the group consisting of oxygen and ammonia.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
27 words
The improvement according to claim 1 wherein the steps of migrating said first and second reactants into said interstitial spaces is conducted after development of said hologram.
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1992-02-28 | 1992-08-29 | 1993-02-28 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1996-02-28 | 1996-08-29 | 1997-02-28 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
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