US4802371A — Multi-component dynamometers

Claim 1

Independent Claim 153 words

A multi-component dynamometer for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least one piezoelectric transducer element arranged between a pair of force introduction plates, the transducer element including at least two piezoelectric elements each having a predetermined crystallographical orientation and a flat alignment edge parallel to a crystal axis, and said two piezoelectric elements being joined to an insulating carrier plate therebetween with their flat alignment edge parallel with an alignment edge of said carrier plate whereby the piezoelectric elements are pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to a coordinate system provided by the carrier plate, and the carrier plate is oriented in relation to a coordinate system of said force introducing plates, a first piezoelectric element being sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to a plane of the force introduction plates and a second piezoelectric element being sensitive to shear essentially in the plane of the force introduction plates.

Claim 2

Dependent Claim 153 words

A multi-component dynamometer for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least one piezoelectric transducer element arranged between a pair of force introduction plates, the transducer element including at least two piezoelectric elements each having a predetermined crystallographical orientation and a flat alignment edge parallel to a crystal axis, and said two piezoelectric elements being joined to an insulating carrier plate therebetween with their flat alignment edge parallel with an alignment edge of said carrier plate whereby the piezoelectric elements are pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to a coordinate system provided by the carrier plate, and the carrier plate is oriented in relation to a coordinate system of said force introducing plates, a first piezoelectric element being sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to a plane of the force introduction plates and a second piezoelectric element being sensitive to shear essentially in the plane of the force introduction plates.

Claim 3

Dependent Claim 60 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, which comprises at least two piezoelectric transducer elements, of which the second piezoelectric element of a first transducer element responds to shear forces in a direction essentially parallel to one edge of the force introduction plates and the second piezoelectric element of a second transducer element responds to shear forces in a direction plates.

Claim 4

Dependent Claim 40 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, wherein the crystallographically pre-oriented transducer element as a whole is oriented in relation to a coordinate system given by a normal to the force introduction plates and the edges of the force introduction plates.

Claim 5

Dependent Claim 23 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, wherein a respective transducer element consists of a carrier plate and no more than two piezoelectric elements.

Claim 6

Dependent Claim 17 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, wherein the carrier plate of the pre-oriented transducer element is rectangular.

Claim 7

Dependent Claim 21 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, further comprising substitute elements between the force introduction plates in addition to the transducer element.

Claim 8

Dependent Claim 19 words

A dynamometer according to claim 6, wherein an individual transducer and/or substitute element is provided with a central hole.

Claim 9

Dependent Claim 29 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, wherein the force introduction plates are clamped together by preloading screws led through central holes in the transducer element and/or in the plates.

Claim 10

Dependent Claim 32 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, with two force introduction plates and a transducer element therebetween, and wherein the direction of shear sensitivity is marked on one of the force introduction plates.

Claim 11

Dependent Claim 24 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, wherein the dynamometer is sealed against the surrounding parts and/or fixed in its position by an encapsulation compound.

Claim 12

Dependent Claim 21 words

A dynamometer according to claim 1, wherein the transducer element is joined to the force introduction plates devoid of any housing.

Claim 13

Dependent Claim 23 words

A piezoelectric transducer element according to claim 1, wherein said flat alignment edge is coplanar with said alignment edge of said carrier plate.

Claim 14

Dependent Claim 32 words

A piezoelectric transducer element according to claim 1, wherein said carrier plate is rectangular and extends laterally beyond said two piezoelectric elements on at least two sides to expose its coordinate system.

Claim 15

Dependent Claim 194 words

A multi-component dynamometers for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least one piezoelectric transducer element between a pair of force introduction plates, each transducer element having three or more piezoelectric elements separated from each other by insulating carrier plates therebetween, each piezoelectric element having a predetermined crystallographic orientation and a flat alignment edge parallel to a crystal axis, and said piezoelectric elements being rigidly joined to said carrier plates with their flat alignment edge parallel with an alignment edge of said carrier plates whereby the piezoelectric elements are pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to a coordinate system given by the carrier plates and the carrier plates are oriented in relation to a coordinate system of said force introduction plates so that at least one of the piezoelectric elements is sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to the plane of the force introduction plates, and at least two other piezoelectric elements are sensitive to shear essentially in the plane of the force introduction plates in directions essentially normal to each other, whereby one of the shear-sensitive piezoelectric elements is oriented essentially parallel to one edge of the force introduction plates.

Claim 16

Dependent Claim 194 words

A multi-component dynamometers for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least one piezoelectric transducer element between a pair of force introduction plates, each transducer element having three or more piezoelectric elements separated from each other by insulating carrier plates therebetween, each piezoelectric element having a predetermined crystallographic orientation and a flat alignment edge parallel to a crystal axis, and said piezoelectric elements being rigidly joined to said carrier plates with their flat alignment edge parallel with an alignment edge of said carrier plates whereby the piezoelectric elements are pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to a coordinate system given by the carrier plates and the carrier plates are oriented in relation to a coordinate system of said force introduction plates so that at least one of the piezoelectric elements is sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to the plane of the force introduction plates, and at least two other piezoelectric elements are sensitive to shear essentially in the plane of the force introduction plates in directions essentially normal to each other, whereby one of the shear-sensitive piezoelectric elements is oriented essentially parallel to one edge of the force introduction plates.

Claim 17

Dependent Claim 30 words

A dynamometer according to claim 14, wherein the piezoelectric elements are joined to conductive layers of the carrier plates and/or to the force introduction plates by an electrically conductive adhesive.

Claim 18

Dependent Claim 44 words

A dynamometer according to claim 14, further comprising an insulator plate or a film with electrical printed wiring conductors between a plurality of transducer elements, whereby signal transmission from the transducer elements to the printed wiring conductors takes places by way of connecting surfaces.

Claim 19

Dependent Claim 20 words

A dynamometer according to claim 16, wherein the outer ends of the printed wiring conductors are provided with soldering eyelets.

Claim 20

Dependent Claim 83 words

A dynamometer according to claim 14, in which four transducer elements are positioned at the corners of a rectangle with two sides parallel to the X direction of the force introduction system and two sides parallel to its Y direction and oriented in such a manner that they are sensitive to pressure normal to the force introduction plates and each pair of them is sensitive to shear in one of the directions parallel to the two pairs of the sides of the rectangle.

Claim 21

Dependent Claim 40 words

A dynamometer according to claim 14, wherein the crystallographically pre-oriented transducer elements as a whole are oriented in relation to the coordinate system given by a normal to the force introduction plates and the edges of the force introduction plates.

Claim 22

Dependent Claim 129 words

A multi-component dynamometer for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least two piezoelectric transducer elements arranged between a pair of force introduction plates, each transducer element including at least two piezoelectric elements joined to an insulating carrier plate therebetween, the piezoelectric elements being pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to a coordinate system provided by the carrier plate, one of the piezoelectric element being sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to a plane of the force introduction plates and the other being sensitive to shear essentially in said plane of the force introduction plates, an insulator plate or a film with electrical printed wiring conductors between the transducer elements, whereby signal transmission from the transducer elements to the printed wiring conductors is by connecting surfaces.

Claim 23

Dependent Claim 129 words

A multi-component dynamometer for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least two piezoelectric transducer elements arranged between a pair of force introduction plates, each transducer element including at least two piezoelectric elements joined to an insulating carrier plate therebetween, the piezoelectric elements being pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to a coordinate system provided by the carrier plate, one of the piezoelectric element being sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to a plane of the force introduction plates and the other being sensitive to shear essentially in said plane of the force introduction plates, an insulator plate or a film with electrical printed wiring conductors between the transducer elements, whereby signal transmission from the transducer elements to the printed wiring conductors is by connecting surfaces.

Claim 24

Dependent Claim 171 words

A multi-component dynamometer for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least four piezoelectric transducer elements arranged between a pair of force introduction plates at the corners of a rectangle with two sides parallel to the X direction of the force introduction system and two sides parallel to its Y direction, each transducer element including at least two piezoelectric elements joined to an insulating carrier plate therebetween, the piezoelectric elements being pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to coordinate system provided by the carrier plate, one of the piezoelectric elements being sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to a plane of the force introduction plates and the other being sensitive to shear essentially in said plane of the force introduction plates, the four transducer elements being oriented in such a manner that they are sensitive to pressure normal to the force introduction plates and each pair of them is sensitive to shear in one of the directions parallel to the two pairs of the sides of the rectangle.

Claim 25

Dependent Claim 171 words

A multi-component dynamometer for measuring forces and torques, especially in metal-cutting operations, comprising at least four piezoelectric transducer elements arranged between a pair of force introduction plates at the corners of a rectangle with two sides parallel to the X direction of the force introduction system and two sides parallel to its Y direction, each transducer element including at least two piezoelectric elements joined to an insulating carrier plate therebetween, the piezoelectric elements being pre-oriented crystallographically in relation to coordinate system provided by the carrier plate, one of the piezoelectric elements being sensitive to pressure in a direction essentially normal to a plane of the force introduction plates and the other being sensitive to shear essentially in said plane of the force introduction plates, the four transducer elements being oriented in such a manner that they are sensitive to pressure normal to the force introduction plates and each pair of them is sensitive to shear in one of the directions parallel to the two pairs of the sides of the rectangle.

Annuity Stage	Window Opens	Payment Deadline	Surcharge Period Until	Estimated Fee	Status
3.5 Years (Year 4)	1992-02-07	1992-08-08	1993-02-07	$2000.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
7.5 Years (Year 8)	1996-02-07	1996-08-08	1997-02-07	$3760.00	Window Closed / Lapsed
11.5 Years (Year 12)	2000-02-07	2000-08-08	2001-02-07	$7700.00	Window Closed / Lapsed

Multi-component dynamometers

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