Hydrogen separation and electricity generation using novel electrolyte membrane

Claim 1

Apparatus for performing an electrochemical process involving a gaseous mixture having a component which is capable, in the presence of a catalytic agent, of dissociating to yield hydrogen ions or of combining with hydrogen ions, comprising: (a) a thin film macroscopically homogeneous polymer blend membrane possessing a high protonic conductivity and which is formed by removing the solvent from a solution of a phosphoric acid and an organic polymer, wherein said phosphoric acid is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 10% to about 70% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of hypophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid, and wherein said organic polymer is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 90% to about 30% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl fluoride), polyethylenimine, poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose acetate, poly(ethyloxazoline), poly(vinyl sulfonic acid), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), polyimide, poly(acrylamide), poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), and copolymers having as repeat units the monomer units used in the polymers of said group. (b) a membrane housing comprising a first gas chamber and a second gas chamber separated by a partition comprising said membrane, said membrane having a first surface in common with the first gas chamber and a second surface in common with the second gas chamber; (c) two separate portions of catalytic agent effective to promote dissociation and combination, a first portion in contact with said first surface and a second portion in contact with said second surface of said membrane; and (d) means for forming electrical connection in operative contact with said catalytic agent at said first surface and with said catalytic agent at said second surface.

Claim 13

A method for accomplishing an electrochemical process involving a gaseous mixture having a component which is capable, in the presence of a catalytic agent, of dissociating to yield hydrogen ions, such method comprising contacting said gaseous mixture with a first surface of a thin film polymer blend membrane and forming an electrical connection between two separate portions of catalytic agent effective to promote dissociation and combination, wherein a first portion of catalytic agent is in contact with said first surface and a second portion of catalytic agent is in contact with a second surface of said membrane, which membrane isolates said gaseous mixture from a second gas comprising hydrogen compounds formed at said second portion of catalyst, and which membrane has said second surface exposed to the second gas, said membrane comprising a thin film macroscopically homogeneous polymer blend membrane possessing a high protonic conductivity and which is formed by removing the solvent from a solution of a phosphoric acid and an organic polymer, wherein said phosphoric acid is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 10% to about 70% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of hypophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid, and wherein said organic polymer is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 90% to about 30% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl fluoride), polyethylenimine, poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose acetate, poly(ethyloxazoline), poly(vinyl sulfonic acid), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), polyimide, poly(acrylamide), poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), and copolymers having as repeat units the monomer units used in the polymers of said group.

Claim 14

A method for accomplishing an electrochemical process involving a gaseous mixture having a component which is capable, in the presence of a catalytic agent, of dissociating to yield hydrogen ions, such method comprising contacting said gaseous mixture with a first surface of a thin film polymer blend membrane and forming an electrical connection between two separate portions of catalytic agent effective to promote dissociation and combination, wherein a first portion of catalytic agent is in contact with said first surface and a second portion of catalytic agent is in contact with a second surface of said membrane, which membrane isolates said gaseous mixture from a second gas comprising hydrogen compounds formed at said second portion of catalyst, and which membrane has said second surface exposed to the second gas, said membrane comprising a thin film macroscopically homogeneous polymer blend membrane possessing a high protonic conductivity and which is formed by removing the solvent from a solution of a phosphoric acid and an organic polymer, wherein said phosphoric acid is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 10% to about 70% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of hypophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid, and wherein said organic polymer is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 90% to about 30% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl fluoride), polyethylenimine, poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose acetate, poly(ethyloxazoline), poly(vinyl sulfonic acid), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), polyimide, poly(acrylamide), poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), and copolymers having as repeat units the monomer units used in the polymers of said group.

Claim 21

A method for separation of hydrogen from a gaseous mixture having a component which is capable, in the presence of a catalytic agent, of dissociating to yield hydrogen ions, such method comprising contacting said gaseous mixture with a first surface of a thin film polymer blend membrane and recovering hydrogen formed at a second surface of said membrane, said membrane having a multiplicity of electrically conductive particles contained in and forming a portion of it, each particle having a first particle surface in common with said first membrane surface and a second particle surface in common with a second surface of said membrane, two portions of catalytic agent effective to promote dissociation and combination are associated with each particle, one portion of catalytic agent in contact with the first particle surface and one portion of catalytic agent in contact with the second particle surface, which membrane isolates said gaseous mixture from a pure gas comprising hydrogen separated from the gaseous mixture, and which membrane has said second surface exposed to the pure gas, said membrane consisting of a thin film macroscopically homogeneous polymer blend membrane possessing a high protonic conductivity and which is formed by removing the solvent from a solution of a phosphoric acid and an organic polymer, wherein said phosphoric acid is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 10% to about 70% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of hypophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid, and wherein said organic polymer is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 90% to about 30% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl fluoride), polyethylenimine, poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose acetate, poly(ethyloxazoline), poly(vinyl sulfonic acid), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl pyrrolidine), polyimide, poly(acrylamide), poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), and copolymers having as repeat units the monomer units used in the polymers of said group.

Claim 22

A method for separation of hydrogen from a gaseous mixture having a component which is capable, in the presence of a catalytic agent, of dissociating to yield hydrogen ions, such method comprising contacting said gaseous mixture with a first surface of a thin film polymer blend membrane and recovering hydrogen formed at a second surface of said membrane, said membrane having a multiplicity of electrically conductive particles contained in and forming a portion of it, each particle having a first particle surface in common with said first membrane surface and a second particle surface in common with a second surface of said membrane, two portions of catalytic agent effective to promote dissociation and combination are associated with each particle, one portion of catalytic agent in contact with the first particle surface and one portion of catalytic agent in contact with the second particle surface, which membrane isolates said gaseous mixture from a pure gas comprising hydrogen separated from the gaseous mixture, and which membrane has said second surface exposed to the pure gas, said membrane consisting of a thin film macroscopically homogeneous polymer blend membrane possessing a high protonic conductivity and which is formed by removing the solvent from a solution of a phosphoric acid and an organic polymer, wherein said phosphoric acid is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 10% to about 70% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of hypophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, and polyphosphoric acid, and wherein said organic polymer is present in the blend in an amount in the range of about 90% to about 30% by weight of the blend and is selected from a group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl fluoride), polyethylenimine, poly(ethylene glycol), cellulose acetate, poly(ethyloxazoline), poly(vinyl sulfonic acid), poly(vinyl pyridine), poly(vinyl pyrrolidine), polyimide, poly(acrylamide), poly(acrylic acid), poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide), poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide), and copolymers having as repeat units the monomer units used in the polymers of said group.