US4794651A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Toner for use in compositions for developing latent electrostatic images, method of making the same, and liquid composition using the improved toner
Assignee: HP Indigo BV
•
Filing: 1988-02-10
•
Granted: 1988-12-27
•
Expires: 2008-02-10
Abstract
Abstract A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images comprising toner particles associated with a pigment dispersed in a nonpolar liquid. The salient feature of the invention is that the toner particles are formed with a plurality of fibers or tendrils from a thermoplastic polymer and carry a charge of a polarity opposite to the polarity of the latent electrostatic image. The polymer is insoluble or insolvatable in the dispersant liquid at room temperature. The toner particles are formed by plasticizing the polymer and pigment at elevated temperature and then either permitting a sponge to form and wet-grinding pieces of the sponge or diluting the plasticized polymer-pigment while cooling and constantly stirring to prevent the forming of a sponge while cooling. When cool, the diluted composition will have a concentration of toner particles formed with a plurality of fibers.
Inventors
- 👤 Benzion Landa
- 👤 Peretz Ben-Auraham
- 👤 Joseph Hall
- 👤 George A. Gibson
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 22:48
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 18
Claim 1
Independent Claim
63 words
A toner constituent utilizable with a nonpolar liquid for developing latent electrostatic images by electrophoretic movement through said liquid including in combination a particle of thermoplastic polymer formed with a plurality of integral fibers extending therefrom, said fibers being adapted to mat with like fibers of other like particles during development, and means for imparting a charge of predetermined polarity to said particles.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
63 words
A toner constituent utilizable with a nonpolar liquid for developing latent electrostatic images by electrophoretic movement through said liquid including in combination a particle of thermoplastic polymer formed with a plurality of integral fibers extending therefrom, said fibers being adapted to mat with like fibers of other like particles during development, and means for imparting a charge of predetermined polarity to said particles.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner constituent as in claim 1 having a pigment dispersed by said polymer.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner constitutent as in claim 1 in which said thermoplastic polymer particle has a diameter of between 0.1 micron and 5 microns.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner constituent as in claim 1 in which said polymer is insoluble in said nonpolar liquid at temperatures below 40° C.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
33 words
A toner constituent as in claim 1 in which said polymer is insoluble in said nonpolar liquid at tempertures below 40° C. and solvatable in said nonpolar liquid at temperatues above 50° C.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner constituent as in claim 1 in which said polymer is an ethylene copolymer resin.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
24 words
A toner constituent as in claim 1 in which said polymer is an ethyl vinyl acetate copolymer and a pigment associated with said copolymer.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
79 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of a nonpolar, nontoxic liquid having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; a minor amount of thermoplastic polymer particles, each formed with a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
79 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of a nonpolar, nontoxic liquid having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; a minor amount of thermoplastic polymer particles, each formed with a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
102 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of a nonpolar liquid having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; from 20 percent to 0.2 percent by weight in respect of the weight of said nonpolar liquid of ethylene copolymer resin particles, said resin particles being formed with a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; a pigment associated with said resin; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
102 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of a nonpolar liquid having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; from 20 percent to 0.2 percent by weight in respect of the weight of said nonpolar liquid of ethylene copolymer resin particles, said resin particles being formed with a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; a pigment associated with said resin; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
82 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of nonpolar, nontoxic liquids having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below, 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; a minor amount of toner particles comprising a thermoplastic polymer, said toner particles having a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said particles.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
82 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of nonpolar, nontoxic liquids having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below, 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; a minor amount of toner particles comprising a thermoplastic polymer, said toner particles having a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said particles.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
101 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of nonpolar liquid having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; from 20 percent to 0.2 percent by weight in respect of the weight of said nonpolar liquid, toner particles comprising ethylene copolymer resin, said toner particles having a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; a pigment associated with said toner particles; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
101 words
A liquid composition for developing latent electrostatic images including in combination a major amount of nonpolar liquid having a volume resistivity in excess of 10 9 ohm centimeters, a dielectric constant below 3.0, and a vapor pressure of less than 10 millimeters of mercury at 25° C.; from 20 percent to 0.2 percent by weight in respect of the weight of said nonpolar liquid, toner particles comprising ethylene copolymer resin, said toner particles having a plurality of fibers integrally extending therefrom; a pigment associated with said toner particles; and means for imparting an electrostatic charge of predetermined polarity to said polymer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
64 words
A toner constituent utilizable with a nonpolar liquid for developing latent electrostatic images by electrophoretic movements through said liquid including in combination a toner particle comprising thermoplastic polymer formed with a plurality of integral fibers extending therefrom, said fibers being adapted to mat with like fibers of other like particles during development, and means for imparting a charge of predetermined polarity to said particles
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
64 words
A toner constituent utilizable with a nonpolar liquid for developing latent electrostatic images by electrophoretic movements through said liquid including in combination a toner particle comprising thermoplastic polymer formed with a plurality of integral fibers extending therefrom, said fibers being adapted to mat with like fibers of other like particles during development, and means for imparting a charge of predetermined polarity to said particles
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2965573A
Cited
US3234017A
Cited
US3278439A
Cited
US3586654A
Cited
JPS57158655A
Cited
JPS57207259A
Cited
US4526851A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-12-27 | 1992-06-27 | 1992-12-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-12-27 | 1996-06-27 | 1996-12-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-12-27 | 2000-06-27 | 2000-12-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |