US4786567A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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All-vanadium redox battery
Assignee: VRB Power Systems Inc Canada
•
Filing: 1988-01-12
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Granted: 1988-11-22
•
Expires: 2008-01-12
Abstract
Abstract Charged and uncharged all-vanadium redox batteries are disclosed. Also described are a process for charging the uncharged battery and a process for producing electricity from the charged battery. A process for recharging an all-vanadium redox battery which has been at least partially discharged is also disclosed.
Inventors
- 👤 Maria Skyllas-Kazacos
- 👤 Miron Rychick
- 👤 Robert Robins
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 19:43
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M8/00; H01M8/18; H01M8/184; H01M8/188; H01M4/00; H01M4/86; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/50
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 128
Claim 1
Independent Claim
127 words
An uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
127 words
An uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VOSO 4 .
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 3 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 2.0M.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 3 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 2.5M.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
58 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said electrolyte is 0.01M to 5.0M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
79 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are selected from dimensionally stabilized anodes including TiO 2 , RuO 2 or IrO 2 or combinations thereof on titanium, RuO 2 , TiO 2 , IrO 2 , Pt, Au, Pd, conductive polymer coatings, graphite, glassy carbon, non-woven carbon fibre material or cellulose, carbon knit, and said ionically conducting separator is selected from a sulfonated polyethylene membrane or a polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein at least one of said negative compartment and said positive compartment is sealed air-tight and said catholyte is de-aerated.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 3 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.5M to 2.25M.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 3 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 1.0M to 2M.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 3 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 1.5M to 2M.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
42 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said anolyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said anolyte includes from 0.25M to 2.5M of a salt of the formula VOSO 4 in from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
40 words
The battery as defined in claim 1 wherein said anolyte and said catholyte include a salt of the formula VOSO 4 in a concentration from 0.25M to 3.5M and said electrolyte is 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
17 words
The battery as defined in claim 14 wherein said negative and positive compartments are sealed air tight.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
15 words
The battery as defined in claim 14 wherein said negative and positive compartments are deaerated.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
127 words
An uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
127 words
An uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 18 wherein y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 18 wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VOSO 4 .
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 20 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 2.0M in 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 20 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 2.5M in 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
58 words
The battery as defined in claim 18 wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 18 wherein said electrolyte is 0.01M to 5.0M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
79 words
The battery as defined in claim 18 wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are selected from dimensionally stabilized anodes including TiO 2 , RuO 2 or IrO 2 or combinations thereof on titanium, RuO 2 , TiO 2 , IrO 2 , Pt, Au, Pd, conductive polymer coatings, graphite, glassy carbon, non-woven carbon fiber material or cellulose, carbon knit, and said ionically conducting separator is selected from a sulfonated polyethylene membrane or a polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 18 wherein at least one of said negative compartment and said positive compartment is sealed air-tight and said catholyte is deaerated.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 20 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.5M to 2.25M.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 20 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 1.0M to 2M.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 20 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 1.5M to 2M.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 27 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 28 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 29 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
17 words
The battery as defined in claim 31 wherein said negative and positive compartments are sealed air tight.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
15 words
The battery as defined in claim 32 wherein said negative and positive compartment are deaerated.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
78 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
78 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.25M to 2.0M.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.25M to 2.5M.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
58 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein said electrolyte is 0.01M to 5.0M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
79 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are selected from dimensionally stabilized anodes including TiO 2 , RuO 2 or IrO 2 or combinations thereof on titanium, RuO 2 , TiO 2 , IrO 2 , Pt, Au, Pd, conductive polymer coatings, graphite, glassy carbon, non-woven carbon fiber material or cellulose, carbon knit, and said ionically conducting separator is selected from a sulfonated polyethylene membrane or a polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein at least one of said negative compartment and said positive compartment is sealed air-tight and said catholyte is deaerated.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 39 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.5M to 2.25M.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 39 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 1.0M to 2M.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 39 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 1.5M to 2M.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 42 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 43 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 44 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
16 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein said negative and positive compartments are sealed air-tight.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
15 words
The battery as defined in claim 35 wherein said negative and positive compartments are deaerated.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
78 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween.
Claim 54
Dependent Claim
78 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween.
Claim 55
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.25M to 2.0M.
Claim 56
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.25M to 2.5M.
Claim 57
Dependent Claim
58 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof.
Claim 58
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein said electrolyte is 0.01M to 5.0M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 59
Dependent Claim
79 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are selected from dimensionally stabilized anodes including TiO 2 , RuO 2 or IrO 2 or combinations thereof on titanium RuO 2 , TiO 2 , IrO 2 , Pt, Au, Pd, conductive polymer coatings, grahite, glassy carbon, non-woven carbon fiber material or cellulose, carbon knit, and said ionically conducting separator is selected from a sulfonated polyethylene membrane or a polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 60
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein at least one of said negative compartment and said positive compartment is sealed air-tight and said catholyte is deaerated.
Claim 61
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 54 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.5M to 2.25M.
Claim 62
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 54 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 1.0M to 2M.
Claim 63
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 54 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 1.5M to 2M.
Claim 64
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 57 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 65
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 58 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 66
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 59 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 67
Dependent Claim
17 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein said negative and positive compartments are sealed air tight.
Claim 68
Dependent Claim
15 words
The battery as defined in claim 50 wherein said negative and positive compartments are deaerated.
Claim 69
Dependent Claim
126 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divanlent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M.
Claim 70
Dependent Claim
126 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divanlent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M.
Claim 71
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O.
Claim 72
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VOSO 4 .
Claim 73
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 2.0M.
Claim 74
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 2.5M.
Claim 75
Dependent Claim
58 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof.
Claim 76
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein said electrolyte is 0.01M to 5.0M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 77
Dependent Claim
79 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are selected from dimensionally stabilized anodes including TiO 2 , RuO 2 or IrO 2 or combinations thereof on titanium, RuO 2 , TiO 2 , IrO 2 , Pt, Au, Pd, conductive polymer coatings, graphite, glassy carbon, non-woven carbon fiber material or cellulose, carbon knit, and said ionically conducting separator is selected from a sulfonated polyethylene membrane or a polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 78
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein at least one of said negative compartment and said positive compartment is sealed air-tight and said catholyte is deaerated.
Claim 79
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 67 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 0.5M to 2.25M.
Claim 80
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 67 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 1.0M to 2M.
Claim 81
Dependent Claim
18 words
The battery as defined in claim 67 wherein the concentration of said salt is from 1.5M to 2M.
Claim 82
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 74 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 83
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 75 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 84
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 76 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 85
Dependent Claim
16 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein said negative and positive compartments are sealed air-tight.
Claim 86
Dependent Claim
15 words
The battery as defined in claim 65 wherein said negative and positive compartments are deaerated.
Claim 87
Dependent Claim
78 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween.
Claim 88
Dependent Claim
78 words
An all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween.
Claim 89
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.25M to 2.0M.
Claim 90
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.25M to 2.5M.
Claim 91
Dependent Claim
58 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof.
Claim 92
Dependent Claim
19 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein said electrolyte is 0.01M to 5.0M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 93
Dependent Claim
79 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein said positive electrode and said negative electrode are selected from dimensionally stabilized anodes including TiO 2 , RuO 2 or IrO 2 or combinations thereof on titanium, RuO 2 , TiO 2 , IrO 2 , Pt, Au, Pd, conductive polymer coatings graphite, glassy carbon, non-woven carbon fiber material or cellulose, carbon knit, and said ionically conducting separator is selected from a sulfonated polyethylene membrane or a polystyrene sulfonic acid membrane.
Claim 94
Dependent Claim
27 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein at least one of said negative compartment and said positive compartment is sealted air-tight and said catholyte is deaerated.
Claim 95
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 0.5M to 2.25M.
Claim 96
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 1.0M to 2M.
Claim 97
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein the concentration of said pentavalent vanadium ions is from 1.5M to 2M.
Claim 98
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 89 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 99
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 90 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 100
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 91 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 101
Dependent Claim
16 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein said negative and positive compartments are sealed air-tight.
Claim 102
Dependent Claim
15 words
The battery as defined in claim 82 wherein said negative and positive compartments are deaerated.
Claim 103
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 90 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 104
Dependent Claim
20 words
The battery as defined in claim 91 wherein said electrolyte is from 0.25M to 3.5M H 2 SO 4 .
Claim 105
Dependent Claim
263 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 106
Dependent Claim
263 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 107
Dependent Claim
357 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 108
Dependent Claim
357 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 109
Dependent Claim
263 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br, or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 110
Dependent Claim
263 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br, or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 111
Dependent Claim
357 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disosed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 112
Dependent Claim
357 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an uncharged all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disosed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 113
Dependent Claim
214 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 114
Dependent Claim
214 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 115
Dependent Claim
308 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrodes, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge lines and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping; (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 116
Dependent Claim
308 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrodes, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge lines and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping; (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 117
Dependent Claim
214 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 118
Dependent Claim
214 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 119
Dependent Claim
308 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 120
Dependent Claim
308 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing trivalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 121
Dependent Claim
262 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic commmunication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 122
Dependent Claim
262 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic commmunication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 123
Dependent Claim
356 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative comparment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 124
Dependent Claim
356 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions, a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing divalent vanadium ions, and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive compartment and said negative compartment and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said catholyte includes a salt of the formula VO(X) y where y is 2 and X is selected from F, Br or Cl or y is 1 and X is selected from SO 4 or O and the concentration of said salt is from 0.25M to 5.0M and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping: (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative comparment and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 125
Dependent Claim
214 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions; a ositive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 126
Dependent Claim
214 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions; a ositive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with a positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 or mixtures thereof, and further including an anolyte reservoir for further anolyte having anolyte supply and return lines between said anolyte reservoir and said negative compartment, a catholyte reservoir for further catholyte having catholyte supply and return lines between said catholyte reservoir and said positive compartment; and pumping means associated with said anolyte lines and with said catholyte lines for pumping said anolyte between said negative compartment and said anolyte reservoir and for pumping said catholyte between said positive compartment and said catholyte reservoir.
Claim 127
Dependent Claim
307 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping; (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment, and said anolyte solution charge line.
Claim 128
Dependent Claim
307 words
An all-vanadium redox battery system comprising an all-vanadium redox battery having a negative compartment containing an anolyte in electrical contact with a negative electrode, said anolyte comprising an electrolyte containing tetravalent vanadium ions; a positive compartment containing a catholyte in electrical contact with positive electrode, said catholyte comprising an electrolyte containing 0.25M to 5.0M pentavalent vanadium ions; and an ionically conducting separator disposed between said positive and negative compartments and in contact with said catholyte and said anolyte to provide ionic communication therebetween and wherein said electrolyte is selected from an aqueous solution of H 2 SO 4 , Na 2 SO 4 , K 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , HNO 3 , KNO 3 , NaNO 3 or mixtures thereof and further including an anolyte charge reservoir having anolyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further anolyte which is to be delivered to said negative compartment and a catholyte charge reservoir having catholyte charge supply and at least one return line for charging further catholyte which is to be delivered to said positive compartment, an anolyte storage reservoir having anolyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing anolyte from said negative compartment and a catholyte storage reservoir having catholyte storage supply and at least one return line for storing catholyte from said positive compartment and pumping means associated with at least one of said anolyte storage lines and said anolyte charge line and with at least one of said catholyte storage lines and said catholyte charge line for pumping; (i) said catholyte through the catholyte storage line, said positive compartment and said catholyte charge line; and (ii) said anolyte solution through said anolyte solution storage line, said negative compartment, and said anolyte solution charge line.
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Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-11-22 | 1992-05-23 | 1992-11-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-11-22 | 1996-05-23 | 1996-11-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-11-22 | 2000-05-23 | 2000-11-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |