Polyamide rheological additive capped with monocarboxylic acid having olefinic unsaturation or hydroxyl group and containing 16-22 carbon atoms

Claim 2

A polyamide rheological additive comprising the reaction product of: (a) polycarboxylic acid having at least 5 carbon atoms per carboxylic acid group; (b) active hydrogen compound having the formula X m --R--Y n wherein R represents a group containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, X and Y are independently selected from primary amino, secondary amino or hydroxyl and m and n are at least 1 and the sum of (m+n) is at least 2 with the proviso that at least 90% of the X and Y groups participating in the reaction are selected from primary amino, secondary amino or a mixture thereof; and (c) capping agent comprised of monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and which is at least one of unsaturated or hydroxylated, said capping agent being present in an amount sufficient to cap the active hydrogen compound ends of the reaction product of the polycarboxylic acid and the active hydrogen compound wherein the amount of the active hydrogen compound reacted to form the reaction product is from about 1.0 to about 4.0 moles per mole of reacted polycarboxylic acid and wherein the amount of capping agent is in the range of from about 0.17 to about 2.0 moles per mole of polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 3

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the polycarboxylic acid is an oligomer of fatty acid having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms.

Claim 4

The polyamide rheological additive to claim 2 wherein the oligomer is prepared from a fatty acid derived from an oil selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, castor oil, tall oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, kapok seed oil, linseed oil and mixtures thereof.

Claim 5

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 3 wherein the oligomer is comprised of the dimer of a fatty acid having 16 to 18 carbon atoms.

Claim 6

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 4 wherein the oligomer is comprised of at least about 20% by weight of said fatty acid dimer.

Claim 7

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 3 wherein the oligomer contains less than about 10% by weight of fatty acid monomer.

Claim 8

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein R represents a group containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Claim 9

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 7 wherein R represents a group containing 6 to 8 carbon atoms.

Claim 10

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein at least 95% of the X and Y groups participating in the reaction are primary amino, secondary amino or a mixture thereof.

Claim 11

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 9 wherein the active hydrogen compound includes a diamine having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

Claim 12

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 10 wherein the diamine is 1,6-diaminohexane.

Claim 13

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen compound includes an aminoalcohol.

Claim 14

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the active hydrogen compound includes a diol.

Claim 15

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein less than about 10 mole percent of the active hydrogen compound has the sum of (m+n) being at least 3.

Claim 16

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein less than about 2 mole percent of the active hydrogen compound has the sum of (m+n) being at least 3.

Claim 17

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is hydroxylated.

Claim 18

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 16 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent contains a single hydroxyl group.

Claim 19

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is unsaturated.

Claim 20

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 18 wherein the unsaturated hydroxylated monocarboxylic acid has a single double bond.

Claim 21

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is unsaturated and hydroxylated.

Claim 22

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 20 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is ricinoleic acid.

Claim 23

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the reaction product has number average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 12,000.

Claim 24

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the reaction product has a number average molecular weight of from about 1,250 to about 8,500.

Claim 25

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the reaction product has a number average molecular weight of from about 1,250 to about 4,000.

Claim 26

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the amount of the active hydrogen compound reacted to form the reaction product is from about 1.0 to about 3.0 moles per mole of reacted polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 27

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the amount of the active hydrogen compound reacted to form the reaction product is from about 1.0 to about 2.0 moles per mole of reacted polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 28

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the amount of capping agent is in the range of from about 0.3 to about 2.0 moles per mole of polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 29

The polyamide rheological additive of claim 1 wherein the polycarboxylic acid is a high purity dimerized fatty acid derived from an oil selected from at least one of soy bean oil, tall oil, castor oil or unsaturated tallow oil, the active hydrogen compound is 1,6-diaminohexane and the capping agent is ricinoleic acid.

Claim 30

A predispersed mixture of a polyamide rheological additive in an organic solvent, said polyamide rheological additive comprising the reaction product of: (a) polycarboxylic acid having at least 5 carbon atoms per carboxylic acid group; (b) active hydrogen compound having the formula X m --R--Y n wherein R represents a group containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, X and Y are independently selected from primary amino, secondary amino or hydroxyl and m and n are at least 1 and the sum of (m+n) is at least 2 with the proviso that at least 50% of the X and Y groups participating in the reaction are selected from primary amino, secondary amino or a mixture thereof; and (c) capping agent comprised of monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and which is at least one of unsaturated or hydroxylated, said capping agent being present in an amount sufficient to cap the active hydrogen compound ends of the reaction product of the polycarboxylic acid and the active hydrogen compound wherein the amount of the active hydrogen compound reacted to form the reaction product is from about 1.0 to about 4.0 moles per mole of reacted polycarboxylic acid and wherein the amount of capping agent is in the range of from about 0.17 to about 2.0 moles per mole of polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 31

A predispersed mixture of a polyamide rheological additive in an organic solvent, said polyamide rheological additive comprising the reaction product of: (a) polycarboxylic acid having at least 5 carbon atoms per carboxylic acid group; (b) active hydrogen compound having the formula X m --R--Y n wherein R represents a group containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, X and Y are independently selected from primary amino, secondary amino or hydroxyl and m and n are at least 1 and the sum of (m+n) is at least 2 with the proviso that at least 50% of the X and Y groups participating in the reaction are selected from primary amino, secondary amino or a mixture thereof; and (c) capping agent comprised of monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and which is at least one of unsaturated or hydroxylated, said capping agent being present in an amount sufficient to cap the active hydrogen compound ends of the reaction product of the polycarboxylic acid and the active hydrogen compound wherein the amount of the active hydrogen compound reacted to form the reaction product is from about 1.0 to about 4.0 moles per mole of reacted polycarboxylic acid and wherein the amount of capping agent is in the range of from about 0.17 to about 2.0 moles per mole of polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 32

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the organic solvent is comprised of alcohol selected from methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, isoamylbutanol or mixtures thereof.

Claim 33

The predispersed mixture of claim 30 wherein the alcohol is 2-propanol.

Claim 34

The predispersed mixture of claim 30 wherein the organic solvent is comprised of at least about 25% by weight of the alcohol.

Claim 35

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the polyamide rheological additive is present in the mixture in an amount of from about 5 to about 75% by weight of the mixture.

Claim 36

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the polyamide rheological additive is present in the mixture in an amount of from about 25 to about 50% by weight of the mixture.

Claim 37

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the organic solvent further contains an aliphatic organic solvent.

Claim 38

The predispersed mixture of claim 25 wherein the aliphatic solvent is selected from mineral spirits, mineral oil, hexanes, heptanes or mixtures thereof.

Claim 39

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the organic solvent further contains an aromatic solvent.

Claim 40

The predispersed mixture of claim 37 wherein the aromatic solvent is selected from benzene, toluene, xylenes, ethyl benzene, naphthalene-containing solvent or mixtures thereof.

Claim 41

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the organic solvent is a mixture of 2-propanol and toluene.

Claim 42

The predispersed mixture of claim 39 wherein the weight ratio of 2-propanol to toluene is from about 1:1 to about 1:9.

Claim 43

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is hydroxylated.

Claim 44

The predispersed mixture of claim 41 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent contains a single hydroxyl group.

Claim 45

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is unsaturated.

Claim 46

The predispersed mixture of claim 43 wherein the unsaturated hydroxylated monocarboxylic acid has a single double bond.

Claim 47

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is unsaturated and hydroxylated.

Claim 48

The predispersed mixture of claim 45 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is ricinoleic acid.

Claim 49

The predispersed mixture of claim 29 wherein the polycarboxylic acid is a high purity dimerized fatty acid derived from an oil selected from at least one of soy bean oil, tall oil, castor oil or unsaturated tallow oil, the active hydrogen compound is 1,6-diaminohexane and the capping agent is ricinoleic acid.

Claim 50

A thickened organic solvent-based composition containing a polyamide rheological additive in an amount sufficient to increase the viscosity of the composition, said polyamide rheological additive comprising the reaction product of: (a) polycarboxylic acid having at least 5 carbon atoms per carboxylic acid group; (b) active hydrogen compound having the formula X m --R--Y n wherein R represents a group containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, X and Y are independently selected from primary amino, secondary amino or hydroxyl and m and n are at least 1 and the sum of (m+n) is at least 2 with the proviso that at least 90% of the X and Y groups participating in the reaction are selected from primary amino, secondary amino or a mixture thereof; and (c) capping agent comprised of monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and which is at least one of unsaturated or hydroxylated, said capping agent being present in an amount sufficient to cap the active hydrogen compound ends of the reaction product of the polycarboxylic acid and the active hydrogen compound wherein the amount of the active hydrogen compound reacted to form the reaction product is from about 1.0 to about 4.0 moles per mole of reacted polycarboxylic acid and wherein the amount of capping agent is in the range of from about 0.17 to about 2.0 moles per mole of polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 51

A thickened organic solvent-based composition containing a polyamide rheological additive in an amount sufficient to increase the viscosity of the composition, said polyamide rheological additive comprising the reaction product of: (a) polycarboxylic acid having at least 5 carbon atoms per carboxylic acid group; (b) active hydrogen compound having the formula X m --R--Y n wherein R represents a group containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms, X and Y are independently selected from primary amino, secondary amino or hydroxyl and m and n are at least 1 and the sum of (m+n) is at least 2 with the proviso that at least 90% of the X and Y groups participating in the reaction are selected from primary amino, secondary amino or a mixture thereof; and (c) capping agent comprised of monocarboxylic acid having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and which is at least one of unsaturated or hydroxylated, said capping agent being present in an amount sufficient to cap the active hydrogen compound ends of the reaction product of the polycarboxylic acid and the active hydrogen compound wherein the amount of the active hydrogen compound reacted to form the reaction product is from about 1.0 to about 4.0 moles per mole of reacted polycarboxylic acid and wherein the amount of capping agent is in the range of from about 0.17 to about 2.0 moles per mole of polycarboxylic acid.

Claim 52

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the composition is based on an aromatic solvent.

Claim 53

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 49 wherein the solvent comprises xylene.

Claim 54

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the composition is based on an aliphatic solvent.

Claim 55

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the composition is selected from aromatic alkyd enamel, solvent-based paints, aliphatic alkyd paints, sealants, on mixtures thereof.

Claim 56

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the polycarboxylic acid is an oligomer of fatty acid having from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.

Claim 57

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 53 wherein the active hydrogen compound includes a diamine having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms.

Claim 58

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 54 wherein the monocarboxylic acid contains a single hydroxyl group.

Claim 59

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is hydroxylated.

Claim 60

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 56 wherein the moncarboxylic acid capping agent contains a single hydroxyl group.

Claim 61

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is unsaturated.

Claim 62

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 58 wherein the unsaturated monocarboxylic acid has a single double bond.

Claim 63

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is unsaturated and hydroxylated.

Claim 64

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 60 wherein the monocarboxylic acid capping agent is ricinoleic acid.

Claim 65

The thickened organic solvent based composition of claim 48 wherein the polycarboxylic acid is a high purity dimerized fatty acid derived from an oil selected from at least one of soy bean oil, tall oil, castor oil or unsaturated tallow oil, the active hydrogen compound is 1,6-diaminohexane and the capping agent is ricinoleic acid.