US4774160A
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Toner compositions with amorphous ternary copolycarbonates
Assignee: Xerox Corp
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Filing: 1987-02-24
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Granted: 1988-09-27
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Expires: 2007-02-24
Abstract
Abstract Disclosed is an improved toner composition comprised of pigment particles and amorphous ternary copolycarbonate resin particles of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, n is a number of from about 4 to about 8, x is a number of from about 0.8 to about 0.95, y is a number of from about 0.05 to about 2, z represents the degree of polymerization, Ar 1 is an aromatic substituent, and Ar 2 is an aromatic substituent.
Inventors
- 👤 Hadi-Khan Mahabadi
- 👤 Lupu Alexandru
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-27 11:15
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/087; G03G9/08742; G03G9/08757; C; C08; C08G; C08G64/00; C08G64/16; C08G64/1608
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 36
Claim 1
Independent Claim
65 words
An improved toner composition comprised of pigment particles and amorphous ternary copolycarbonate resin particles of the formula ##STR7## wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, x is a number of from about 0.8 to about 0.95, y is a number of from about 0.05 to about 2, z represents the degree of polymerization, Ar 1 is an aromatic substituent, and Ar 2 is an aromatic substituent.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
65 words
An improved toner composition comprised of pigment particles and amorphous ternary copolycarbonate resin particles of the formula ##STR7## wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, x is a number of from about 0.8 to about 0.95, y is a number of from about 0.05 to about 2, z represents the degree of polymerization, Ar 1 is an aromatic substituent, and Ar 2 is an aromatic substituent.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
23 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon with from about 1 to about 25 carbon atoms.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon of the formula (CH 2 ) n wherein n is a number of from about 4 to about 8.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein R is (CH 2 ) 2 --O--(CH 2 ) 2 .
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein Ar 1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR8##
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
19 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR9##
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
26 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the ternary copolycarbonate has a single thermal transition of from about 50° C. to about 55° C.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the ternary copolycarbonate results from the condensation reaction of p, p'-biphenol, bisphenol A and aliphatic bischloroformates.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
25 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the number average molecular weight of the ternary copolycarbonate is from about 1,200 to about 3,500.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are carbon black.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein the pigment particles are magnetite.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 further including therein charge enhancing additive components.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
30 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 12 wherein the charge enhancing component is an alkyl pyridinium halide, an organic sulfate, an organic sulfonate, or distearyl dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
28 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 8 wherein the amorphous ternary copolycarbonate has a single thermal transition temperature of from about 50° C. to about 55° C.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
14 words
A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 1, and carrier components.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core with a coating thereover.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 16 wherein the core is selected from the group consisting of steel and ferrite.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein the coating is a polymeric composition.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
27 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 15 wherein the ternary copolycarbonate has a single thermal transition temperature of from about 50° C. to about 55° C.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
28 words
A developer composition in accordance with claim 16 wherein the amorphous ternary copolycarbonate has a single thermal transition temperature of from about 50° C. to about 55° C.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
47 words
A method for affecting development of electrostatic latent images which comprises the generation of a latent image on a photoresponsive imaging member, subsequently developing this image with the toner composition of claim 1, thereafter transferring the image to a suitable substrate, and permanently affixing the image thereto.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 21 wherein there is selected for fixing the image a flash fusing process.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
20 words
A method of imaging in accordance with claim 22 wherein subsequent to flash fusing no effluent or odor is detected.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
56 words
An amorphous ternary copolycarbonate resin of the formula ##STR10## wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, x is a number of from about 0.8 to about 0.95, y is a number of from about 0.05 to about 2, z represents the degree of polymerization, Ar 1 is an aromatic substituent, and Ar 2 is an aromatic substituent.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
56 words
An amorphous ternary copolycarbonate resin of the formula ##STR10## wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon, x is a number of from about 0.8 to about 0.95, y is a number of from about 0.05 to about 2, z represents the degree of polymerization, Ar 1 is an aromatic substituent, and Ar 2 is an aromatic substituent.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
23 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein R is a aliphatic hydrocarbon with from about 1 to about 25 carbon atoms.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
33 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein R is an aliphatic hydrocarbon of the formula (CH 2 ) n wherein n is a number of from about 4 to about 8.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
20 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein R is (CH 2 ) 2 --O--(CH 2 ) 2 .
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
19 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein Ar 1 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR11##
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
19 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein Ar 2 is selected from the group consisting of ##STR12##
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
26 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein the ternary copolycarbonate has a single thermal transition of from about 50° C. to about 55° C.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
24 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein the ternary copolycarbonate results from the condensation reaction of p,p'-biphenol, bisphenol A and aliphatic bischloroformates.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
25 words
A copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein the number average molecular weight of the ternary copolycarbonate is from about 1,200 to about 3,500.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
20 words
A toner composition in accordance with claim 1 wherein z is a number of from about 2 to about 30.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
21 words
A ternary copolycarbonate resin in accordance with claim 24 wherein z is a number of from about 2 to about 30.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-09-27 | 1992-03-28 | 1992-09-27 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-09-27 | 1996-03-28 | 1996-09-27 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-09-27 | 2000-03-28 | 2000-09-27 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |