System for measuring height distributions of atmospheric temperature, wind direction and wind speed

Claim 1

A system for measuring height distribution of the atmospheric temperature, wind direction and wind speed comprising: radio generating means for generating and receiving directional radio waves; an on-ground sound measurement unit for measuring the on-ground sound speed; a sound wave generating means for generating a sound wave; calculating means coupled to said radio means and said on-ground sound measurement unit, and said sound wave generating means for: calculating the Doppler frequencies of received scattered radio waves from said radio means; inferring a radio wave reflection zone formed by sound waves from the determined height distributions of the wind direction and wind speed and a presumed height distribution of the atmospheric temperature; calculating and setting an azimuth angle and elevation angle of said radio means such that the radio wave produced are directed to a measurement zone falling within said inferred reflection zone; controlling said radio means so as to generate a radio wave pulse; calculating the speed of sound within the measurement zone based on the measurement from said on-ground sound measurement unit, the determined height distribution of the wind direction, wind speed and the presumed height distributions of the atmospheric temperatures; calculating sound wave frequencies such that the ratio of the wavelength of radio waves to the wavelength of the sound waves in the measurement zone is 2:1; transmitting through said sound wave generating means sound waves having the calculated frequencies successively into the atmosphere; storing in memory the elevation angle and the Doppler frequency of the radio wave returned from the radio signal sent by the radio generating means in a memory, when a radio wave is reflected by a sound wavefront; calculating from said stored information the high atmospheric temperature.

Claim 2

A system for measuring height distribution of the atmospheric temperature, wind direction and wind speed comprising: radio generating means for generating and receiving directional radio waves; an on-ground sound measurement unit for measuring the on-ground sound speed; a sound wave generating means for generating a sound wave; calculating means coupled to said radio means and said on-ground sound measurement unit, and said sound wave generating means for: calculating the Doppler frequencies of received scattered radio waves from said radio means; inferring a radio wave reflection zone formed by sound waves from the determined height distributions of the wind direction and wind speed and a presumed height distribution of the atmospheric temperature; calculating and setting an azimuth angle and elevation angle of said radio means such that the radio wave produced are directed to a measurement zone falling within said inferred reflection zone; controlling said radio means so as to generate a radio wave pulse; calculating the speed of sound within the measurement zone based on the measurement from said on-ground sound measurement unit, the determined height distribution of the wind direction, wind speed and the presumed height distributions of the atmospheric temperatures; calculating sound wave frequencies such that the ratio of the wavelength of radio waves to the wavelength of the sound waves in the measurement zone is 2:1; transmitting through said sound wave generating means sound waves having the calculated frequencies successively into the atmosphere; storing in memory the elevation angle and the Doppler frequency of the radio wave returned from the radio signal sent by the radio generating means in a memory, when a radio wave is reflected by a sound wavefront; calculating from said stored information the high atmospheric temperature.

Claim 4

A system for measuring height distributions of the atmospheric temperature, wind direction and wind speed comprising: an on-ground wind direction measuring unit for measuring wind direction in a given height range; radio wave generating means having a variable azimuth and elevation angle for transmitting and receiving radio pulses; on-ground sound speed measuring means for measuring on-ground sound speed; sound generating means for generating sound waves; calculating means coupled to the on-ground wind direction measuring unit, said radio wave and sound wave generating means and said on-ground sound speed measuring means for: transmitting radio wave pulses by determining the azimuth angle of a radio wave from said wind direction; causing the reception of a radio wave orthogonally reflected after transmission through continuous scanning of the elevation angle of the antenna; for stopping the antenna elevation angle scanning upon reception of a radio wave and then controlling the frequency of the transmitted sound wave so as to obtain a maximum intensity of the received reflected wave; determining the Doppler frequency and wind direction by detecting maximum and minimum Doppler frequencies through radio wave antenna azimuth angle scanning; determining the wind speed and sound speed in a height range for measurement from the Doppler frequencies with respect to one point existing at a given height and from the elevation angle of the antenna; and determining a wind speed and a sound speed within the height range for measurement on the basis of the Doppler frequency, antenna angle of elevation measured and the values from the on-ground wind velocity measuring unit and the on-ground sound speed measuring unit; and determining the atmospheric temperature from the sound speed.

Claim 5

A system for measuring height distributions of the atmospheric temperature, wind direction and wind speed comprising: an on-ground wind direction measuring unit for measuring wind direction in a given height range; radio wave generating means having a variable azimuth and elevation angle for transmitting and receiving radio pulses; on-ground sound speed measuring means for measuring on-ground sound speed; sound generating means for generating sound waves; calculating means coupled to the on-ground wind direction measuring unit, said radio wave and sound wave generating means and said on-ground sound speed measuring means for: transmitting radio wave pulses by determining the azimuth angle of a radio wave from said wind direction; causing the reception of a radio wave orthogonally reflected after transmission through continuous scanning of the elevation angle of the antenna; for stopping the antenna elevation angle scanning upon reception of a radio wave and then controlling the frequency of the transmitted sound wave so as to obtain a maximum intensity of the received reflected wave; determining the Doppler frequency and wind direction by detecting maximum and minimum Doppler frequencies through radio wave antenna azimuth angle scanning; determining the wind speed and sound speed in a height range for measurement from the Doppler frequencies with respect to one point existing at a given height and from the elevation angle of the antenna; and determining a wind speed and a sound speed within the height range for measurement on the basis of the Doppler frequency, antenna angle of elevation measured and the values from the on-ground wind velocity measuring unit and the on-ground sound speed measuring unit; and determining the atmospheric temperature from the sound speed.