Patent US2527512A successfully refreshed from Google Patents.
US4761346A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Erosion-resistant coating system
Assignee: Honeywell International Inc
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Filing: 1986-05-20
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Granted: 1988-08-02
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Expires: 2006-05-20
Abstract
Abstract Erosion resistance is imparted to a metallic substrate without an attendant loss of fatigue life in the substrate in one embodiment by applying to the substrate a first ductile layer comprising a metal from Group VI to Group VIII elements as well as the noble metal group of elements, and a second hard erosion-resistant layer applied on the first layer comprising a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate. Another embodiment defines another layer of a substantially pure metal from Group III to Group VI between the first and second layers. Still another embodiment defines that in the second layer the content of either the carbide, nitride, boride or oxide is graded, i.e. the concentration of either the carbide, nitride, boride or oxide is greatest (higher) toward the top surface of the second layer, and decreases toward the bonding surface between the second and first layer.
Inventors
- 👤 Subhash K. Naik
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-23 18:29
CPC Classifications
C; C23; C23C; C23C28/00; Y; Y10; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12493; Y10T428/12535; Y10T428/12576; Y10T428/12583; Y10T428/1259; Y10T428/12611; Y10T428/12771; Y10T428/12806; Y10T428/12812; Y10T428/12861; Y10T428/12875; Y10T428/12944
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 50
Claim 1
Independent Claim
143 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from the noble metal group of elements; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the first and second layers having been applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate; and wherein the thickness of said first layer ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mils and the thickness of said second layer ranges from about 0.2 to about 2.5 mils.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
143 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from the noble metal group of elements; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the first and second layers having been applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate; and wherein the thickness of said first layer ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mils and the thickness of said second layer ranges from about 0.2 to about 2.5 mils.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
18 words
The coating of claim 1 wherein the total coating thickness ranges from about 0.4 to about 4.0 mils.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
13 words
The coating of claim 1 wherein said first layer comprises palladium or platinum.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
109 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from palladium or platinum; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the first and second layers having been applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
109 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from palladium or platinum; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the first and second layers having been applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
The coating of claim 4 wherein said first layer is palladium and said second layer is hafnium nitride.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
The coating of claim 4 wherein said first layer is platinum and said second layer is titanium nitride.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
15 words
An article of manufacture comprising a metallic substrate overcoated with the coatings of claim 1.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
15 words
The article of claim 7 wherein said substrate is a stainless steel or titanium alloy.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
12 words
The article of claim 7, wherein said article is a compressor blade.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
137 words
A layered erosion resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from the noble metal group of elements; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the concentration of the boride, carbide, nitride or oxide being greatest toward the top surface of the second layer and being graded to decrease in concentration toward the bonding surface between the first and second layers, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
137 words
A layered erosion resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from the noble metal group of elements; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal selected from Group III to Group VI elements, the concentration of the boride, carbide, nitride or oxide being greatest toward the top surface of the second layer and being graded to decrease in concentration toward the bonding surface between the first and second layers, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
15 words
The coating of claim 10 wherein said first layer is formed of palladium or platinum.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
25 words
The coating of claim 10 wherein said boride, carbide, nitride or oxide is formed of a metal of tungsten, titanium, lanthanum, hafnium, aluminum or zirconium.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
38 words
The coating of claims 10, 11, or 12 wherein there is formed by said grading a third layer of substantially pure metal of said Group III to Group VI elements along the top surface of said first layer.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The coating of claim 13 wherein the thickness of said third layer ranges form about 0.1 to about 2.5 mils.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
19 words
An article of manufacture comprising a metallic substrate overcoated with the coating of claims 10, 11, 12, or 14.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
15 words
The article of claim 15 wherein said substrate is a stainless steel or titanium alloy.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
12 words
The article of claim 15 wherein said article is a compressor blade.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
35 words
The coating of claim 10 wherein the thickness of said first layer ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mils and the thickness of said second layer ranges from about 0.2 to about 2.5 mils.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
24 words
The coatings of claim 1, 4, or 10 wherein said first and second layers have been deposited at temperatures not exceeding about 1800° F.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
24 words
The coatings of claim 1, 4 or 10 wherein said first and second layers have been deposited at temperatures not exceeding about 1400° F.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The coatings of claim 1, 4 or 10 wherein said first and second layers have been deposited at temperatures between about 400° F. to about 1000° F.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
24 words
The coating of claim 1, 4 or 10 wherein the hardness of said second layer ranges from about 1400 DPH to about 3500 DPH.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
23 words
The coating of claim 1, 4 or 10 wherein said metal of said second layer is aluminum, lanthanum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium or tungsten.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
15 words
An article of manufacture comprising a metallic substrate overcoated with the coatings of claim 23.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
126 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from Group VI to Group VIII elements or the noble metal group of elements; a second layer on the first layer and comprising a substantially pure metal from Group III to Group VI elements; and a third hard erosion-resistant layer on the second layer comprising a material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal from Group III to Group VI elements, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the third layer into the substrate.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
126 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic substrate without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer on the substrate comprising a metal selected from Group VI to Group VIII elements or the noble metal group of elements; a second layer on the first layer and comprising a substantially pure metal from Group III to Group VI elements; and a third hard erosion-resistant layer on the second layer comprising a material formed of a boride, carbide, nitride or oxide of a metal from Group III to Group VI elements, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the third layer into the substrate.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
24 words
The coating of claim 25 wherein said third layer is the hard compound of the selected respective substantially pure metal of said second layers.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
44 words
The coating of claim 25 or 26 wherein the concentration of said boride, carbide, nitride or oxide is greatest toward the top surface of said third layer and is graded to decrease in concentration toward the bonding surface between said third and second layers.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
15 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said first layer comprises palladium, platinum, nickel or chromium.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
22 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said metal of said second or third layer comprises aluminum, lanthanum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium or tungsten.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
20 words
An article of manufacture comprising a metallic substrate overcoated with the coatings of claims 25, 26, 27, 28 or 29.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
15 words
The article of claim 30 wherein said substrate is a stainless steel or titanium alloy.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
12 words
The article of claim 30 wherein said article is a compressor blade.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
20 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein the thickness of said first layer ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mils.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
20 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein the thickness of said second layer ranges from about 0.1 to about 1.5 mils.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
20 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein the thickness of said third layer ranges from about 0.1 to about 2.5 mils.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
23 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said first layer is nickel, said second layer is titanium and said third layer is titanium nitride.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
23 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said first layer is nickel, said second layer is hafnium and said third layer is hafnium nitride.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
26 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said first layer is nickel, said second layer is zirconium and said third layer is zirconium nitride or zirconium carbide.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
23 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said first layer is platinium, said second layer is hafnium and said third layer is hafnium nitride.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
23 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said first layer is nickel, said second layer is titanium and said third layer is titanium boride.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
23 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein said first layer is platinum, said second layer is titanium and said third layer is titainum nitride.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
21 words
The coating of claim 26 wherein the hardness of said third layer ranges from about 1400 DPH to about 3500 DPH.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
95 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic surface without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer in the substrate comprising nickel; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material selected from the group consisting of, lanthanum boride, aluminum oxide, and titanium boride, the first and second layers applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
95 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic surface without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer in the substrate comprising nickel; and a second erosion-resistant layer on the first layer comprising a hard material selected from the group consisting of, lanthanum boride, aluminum oxide, and titanium boride, the first and second layers applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
81 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic surface without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer of chromium on the substrate and a second erosion-resistant layer of tungsten carbide on the first layer, the first and second layers applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
81 words
A layered erosion-resistant coating to be applied to a metallic surface without substantially any resulting loss in fatigue properties of the substrate which comprises a first ductile layer of chromium on the substrate and a second erosion-resistant layer of tungsten carbide on the first layer, the first and second layers applied at substantially low temperatures, the first layer capable of retaining substrate integrity, not substantially diffusing into the substrate, and preventing diffusion of material from the second layer into the substrate.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-08-02 | 1992-02-01 | 1992-08-02 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-08-02 | 1996-02-01 | 1996-08-02 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-08-02 | 2000-02-01 | 2000-08-02 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |