US4752302A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Method and composition for improving flame combustion of liquid carbonaceous fuels
Assignee: Fuel Tech Inc
•
Filing: 1986-06-16
•
Granted: 1988-06-21
•
Expires: 2006-06-16
Abstract
Abstract The present invention improves flame combustion of liquid carbonaceous fuels by the preparation and use of a fuel additive comprising a finely-divided particulate hydrated compound in stable suspension in a liquid vehicle. The median major dimension of the primary particles of hydrated compound is preferably less than 10 microns. When employed at a level of from about 200 to about 5000 parts per million, the additive can improve the efficiency of combustion and reduce particulate emissions for flame combustion of liquid carbonaceous fuels, especially residual grades of fuel oil.
Inventors
- 👤 Wayne E. Bowers
- 👤 Barry N. Sprague
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 22:16
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L10/00; C10L10/02; C10L1/00; C10L1/10; C10L1/12
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 26
Claim 1
Independent Claim
80 words
A fuel additive comprising a stable dispersion, in a fuel-miscible liquid vehicle, of finely-divided solid hydrated compound wherein the hydrated compound is selected from the group consisting of transition and alkaline earth metals having an anionic component sufficient to form a hydrated compound which releases its water of hydration at a temperature in excess of about 250° C. and which has a ratio of combined water to total compound weight of greater than 1:5, with the exception of calcium silicate.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
80 words
A fuel additive comprising a stable dispersion, in a fuel-miscible liquid vehicle, of finely-divided solid hydrated compound wherein the hydrated compound is selected from the group consisting of transition and alkaline earth metals having an anionic component sufficient to form a hydrated compound which releases its water of hydration at a temperature in excess of about 250° C. and which has a ratio of combined water to total compound weight of greater than 1:5, with the exception of calcium silicate.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fuel additive comprising a stable dispersion, in a fuel-miscible liquid vehicle, of finely-divided hydrated compound comprising a nitrate or acetate of an alkaline earth or transition metal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fuel additive comprising a stable dispersion, in a fuel-miscible liquid vehicle, of finely-divided hydrated compound comprising a nitrate or acetate of an alkaline earth or transition metal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fuel additive comprising a stable dispersion, in a fuel-miscible liquid vehicle, of finely-divided hydrated compound comprising a nitrate, acetate or silicate of magnesium, manganese, aluminum, or cobalt.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fuel additive comprising a stable dispersion, in a fuel-miscible liquid vehicle, of finely-divided hydrated compound comprising a nitrate, acetate or silicate of magnesium, manganese, aluminum, or cobalt.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
28 words
A fuel additive according to any of claims 1-3 which is substantially without an excess of free water and containing only that water present in the hydrated compound.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
18 words
A fuel additive according to any of claims 1-3 wherein the liquid vehicle comprises number 2 fuel oil.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
32 words
A fuel additive according to any of claims 1-3 which includes a catalytically effective amount, based on the weight of the hydrated compound, of a catalytic compound containing a platinum group metal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
A fuel additive according to any of claims 1-3 wherein the hydrated compound rapidly releases its water of hydration at a temperature within the range of from 250° to 300° C.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
33 words
A fuel additive according to any of claims 1-3 wherein the median major dimensions of primary particles of the hydrated compound is less than about 10 microns and greater than about 2 microns.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
19 words
A fuel additive according to claim 8 wherein the hydrated compound comprises magnesium nitrate hexahydrate or magnesium nitrate heptahydrate.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
21 words
A fuel additive according to claim 8 wherein the ratio of combined water to total compound weight is greater than 1:4.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
14 words
A fuel additive according to claim 10 wherein said ratio is greater than 1:3.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
34 words
A fuel composition comprising a liquid carbonaceous fuel and an additive according to any of claims 1-3 wherein said additive comprises from about 50 PPM to about 5000 PPM by weight of said fuel.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
27 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 wherein the hydrated compound has a ratio of combined water to total compound weight of greater than one to four.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 wherein the hydrated compound contained therein comprises from about 50 PPM to about 3750 PPM by weight of the fuel.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
26 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 which is substantially without an excess of free water and containing only that water present in the hydrated compound.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
21 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 wherein the liquid vehicle for the additive contained therein comprises number 2 fuel oil.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
25 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 wherein the median major dimension of primary particles of the hydrated compound is less than about 10 microns.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
30 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 which includes a catalytically effective amount, based on the weight of the hydrated compound, of a catalytic compound containing a platinum group metal.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
29 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 wherein the hydrated compound rapidly releases its water of hydration at a temperature within the range of from 250° to 500° C.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
15 words
A fuel composition according to claim 12 wherein the liquid carbonaceous fuel comprises fuel oil.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
22 words
A fuel composition according to claim 20 wherein the liquid carbonaceous fuel comprises fuel oil of grade No. 5 or No. 6.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
46 words
A method of preparing a fuel additive according to any one of claims 1-3 which comprises admixing a solid hydrated compound with a liquid vehicle in which the solid is substantially insoluble and reducing the particle size of said solid sufficiently to form a stable suspension.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
63 words
An improved method of combustion comprising admixing an additive according to any one of claims 1-3 with a liquid carbonaceous fuel wherein said additive comprises from about 50 PPM to about 5000 PPM by weight of said fuel, and atomizing said fuel with air into a combustion zone operated at a temperature of above about 1350° C. to effect combustion of said fuel.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US2439897A
Cited
US2579257A
Cited
US2843200A
Cited
US2986456A
Cited
US2890108A
Cited
US2927849A
Cited
US3111381A
Cited
US3965829A
Cited
US3941552A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-06-21 | 1991-12-21 | 1992-06-21 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-06-21 | 1995-12-21 | 1996-06-21 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-06-21 | 1999-12-21 | 2000-06-21 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |