High power microwave generator

Claim 1

A device, that operates in a vacuum of about 10 -5 Torr or less, for producing high-powered and coherent microwaves, the device comprising: a cylindrical and hollow real cathode, of radius r c , for field emitting relativistic electrons in a generally inward radial direction; a cylindrical and substantially electron-transparent anode, of radius r a , internally and co-axially disposed within said cylindrical real cathode; a cylindrical electron collector electrode, of radius r col , internally co-axially disposed within said cylindrical anode, with said cylindrical electrode and said cylindrical anode connected by a short circuit path of low electrical resistance so that said cylindrical electrode and said cylindrical anode share a common electrical potential during the operation of said device; and means for rapidly driving said cylindrical anode to a positive potential of φ a -φ c with respect to the potential of said cylindrical real cathode, with the values of r c , r a , r col and φ a -φ c selected to satisfy the inequality ##EQU5## wherein α is a relativistic correction factor that is a function of φ a -φ c , and β is the Langmuir beta function, so that said cylindrical real cathode field emits relativistic electrons that pass through said substantially electron-transparent cylindrical anode and create cylindrical virtual cathode that is generally co-axially disposed between said cylindrical anode and said cylindrical electrode, and so that said high-powered and coherent microwaves are produced by spatial and temporal oscillations of said cylindrical virtual cathode, and by electrons that reflex back and forth between said cylindrical virtual cathode and said cylindrical real cathode.

Claim 2

A device, that operates in a vacuum of about 10 -5 Torr or less, for producing high-powered and coherent microwaves, the device comprising: a cylindrical and hollow real cathode, of radius r c , for field emitting relativistic electrons in a generally inward radial direction; a cylindrical and substantially electron-transparent anode, of radius r a , internally and co-axially disposed within said cylindrical real cathode; a cylindrical electron collector electrode, of radius r col , internally co-axially disposed within said cylindrical anode, with said cylindrical electrode and said cylindrical anode connected by a short circuit path of low electrical resistance so that said cylindrical electrode and said cylindrical anode share a common electrical potential during the operation of said device; and means for rapidly driving said cylindrical anode to a positive potential of φ a -φ c with respect to the potential of said cylindrical real cathode, with the values of r c , r a , r col and φ a -φ c selected to satisfy the inequality ##EQU5## wherein α is a relativistic correction factor that is a function of φ a -φ c , and β is the Langmuir beta function, so that said cylindrical real cathode field emits relativistic electrons that pass through said substantially electron-transparent cylindrical anode and create cylindrical virtual cathode that is generally co-axially disposed between said cylindrical anode and said cylindrical electrode, and so that said high-powered and coherent microwaves are produced by spatial and temporal oscillations of said cylindrical virtual cathode, and by electrons that reflex back and forth between said cylindrical virtual cathode and said cylindrical real cathode.

Claim 9

A method for producing high-powered and coherent microwaves within an evacuated spatial region having a vacuum of about 10 -5 Torr or less, the method comprising the steps of: rapidly driving a cylindrical and substantially electron-transparent anode, of radius r a , that is internally and co-axially disposed within a cylindrical and hollow real cathode, of radius r c , to a positive potential of φ a -φ c with respect to the potential of said cylindrical real cathode, thereby causing the field emission of relativistic electrons from said cylindrical real cathode in a generally inward radial direction toward and through said substantially electron-transparent cylindrical anode; connecting a cylindrical electron collector electrode, of radius r col , that is internally and co-axially disposed within said cylindrical and substantially electron-transparent anode, to said cylindrical anode by a short circuit path of low electrical resistance, so that said cylindrical electrode and said cylindrical anode share a common electrical potential during the operation of said device; and selecting the values of r c , r a , r col , and φ a -φ c to satisfy the inequality ##EQU6## wherein α is a relativistic correction factor that is a function of φ a -φ c , and β is the Langmuir beta function, so that said field emitted relativistic electrons create a cylindrical virtual cathode that is generally co-axially disposed between said cylindrical anode and said cylindrical electrode, with said high-powered and coherent microwaves being produced by spatial and temporal oscillations of the cylindrical virtual cathode, and by electrons reflexing back and forth between said cylindrical virtual cathode and said cylindrical real cathode.

Claim 10

A method for producing high-powered and coherent microwaves within an evacuated spatial region having a vacuum of about 10 -5 Torr or less, the method comprising the steps of: rapidly driving a cylindrical and substantially electron-transparent anode, of radius r a , that is internally and co-axially disposed within a cylindrical and hollow real cathode, of radius r c , to a positive potential of φ a -φ c with respect to the potential of said cylindrical real cathode, thereby causing the field emission of relativistic electrons from said cylindrical real cathode in a generally inward radial direction toward and through said substantially electron-transparent cylindrical anode; connecting a cylindrical electron collector electrode, of radius r col , that is internally and co-axially disposed within said cylindrical and substantially electron-transparent anode, to said cylindrical anode by a short circuit path of low electrical resistance, so that said cylindrical electrode and said cylindrical anode share a common electrical potential during the operation of said device; and selecting the values of r c , r a , r col , and φ a -φ c to satisfy the inequality ##EQU6## wherein α is a relativistic correction factor that is a function of φ a -φ c , and β is the Langmuir beta function, so that said field emitted relativistic electrons create a cylindrical virtual cathode that is generally co-axially disposed between said cylindrical anode and said cylindrical electrode, with said high-powered and coherent microwaves being produced by spatial and temporal oscillations of the cylindrical virtual cathode, and by electrons reflexing back and forth between said cylindrical virtual cathode and said cylindrical real cathode.