US4743431A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Fluidization aid including low bulk density fluidization aid
Assignee: Northrop Grumman Corp
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Filing: 1986-11-04
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Granted: 1988-05-10
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Expires: 2006-11-04
Abstract
Abstract Tendrillar carbonaceous material is used as a fluidization aid for fluidized beds. The tendrillar carbonaceous material can be used to fluidize cohesive solids. Further, it can be used to improve fluidization of particulate solids by reducing entrainment, eliminating bubbling, and/or eliminating channelling. The tendrillar carbonaceous material can be a fibrous, particulate carbonaceous material comprising carbon fibers and a ferrous group metal component dispersed thoughout the carbon fibers as nodules. The tendrillar carbonaceous material has a bulk density of from about 0.01 to about 0.7 g/cm 3 and comprises an agglomeration of tendrils having a diameter of from about 0.01 to about 1 micron and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1000:1.
Inventors
- 👤 Edward F. Brooks
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 10:41
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01B; C01B32/00; C01B32/05; B; B82; B82Y; B82Y30/00; B01; B01J; B01J8/00; B01J8/18; B01J8/1872; C01F; C01F7/00; C01F7/02; C01F7/021; C01G; C01G49/00; C01G49/02; C09; C09K; C09K8/00; C09K8/02; C09K8/03; C09K8/032; C10; C10M; C10M113/00; C10M113/02; C10M125/00; C10M125/02; C10M171/00; D; D01; D01F; D01F9/00; D01F9/08; D01F9/12; D01F9/127; D01F9/1278; F; F26; F26B; F26B3/00; F26B3/02; F26B3/06; F26B3/08; F26B3/088; F27; F27B; F27B15/00; B01J2208/00; B01J2208/00008; B01J2208/00654; B01J2208/00681; C01P; C01P2004/00; C01P2004/01; C01P2004/03; C01P2004/60; C01P2004/61; C01P2006/00; C01P2006/10; C10M2201/00; C10M2201/04; C10M2201/041
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 19
Claim 1
Independent Claim
149 words
A method for fluidizing a cohesive material in a mixed fluidized bed, the cohesive material having a mean particle size of from about 0.1 to about 120 microns and a particle density of from 0.1 to 4 g/cm 3 , the method comprising the steps of: (a) combining the cohesive material with tendrillar carbonaceous material in a mass ratio of tendrillar carbonaceous material to cohesive material of from about 1:9 to about 4:1, the tendrillar carbonaceous material having a bulk density of from about 0.01 to about 0.7 g/cm 3 and comprising an agglomeration of tendrils having a diameter of from about 0.01 to about 1 micron and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1000:1; and (b) passing a fluidizing gas through the combined particulate solid and tendrillar carbonaceous material at a sufficient velocity to fluidize the particulate solid and the tendrillar carbonaceous material.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
149 words
A method for fluidizing a cohesive material in a mixed fluidized bed, the cohesive material having a mean particle size of from about 0.1 to about 120 microns and a particle density of from 0.1 to 4 g/cm 3 , the method comprising the steps of: (a) combining the cohesive material with tendrillar carbonaceous material in a mass ratio of tendrillar carbonaceous material to cohesive material of from about 1:9 to about 4:1, the tendrillar carbonaceous material having a bulk density of from about 0.01 to about 0.7 g/cm 3 and comprising an agglomeration of tendrils having a diameter of from about 0.01 to about 1 micron and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1000:1; and (b) passing a fluidizing gas through the combined particulate solid and tendrillar carbonaceous material at a sufficient velocity to fluidize the particulate solid and the tendrillar carbonaceous material.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
33 words
The method of claim 1 in which the tendrils have a diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.3 microns and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 50:1.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
24 words
The method of claim 1 in which the tendrillar carbonaceous material has a mean particle size of from about 5 to about 50 microns.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
68 words
The method of claim 1 in which the tendrils comprise carbon fibers and a ferrous group metal component dispersed throughout the carbon fibers as nodules that are intimately associated with and at least partially bonded to the carbon fibers, and wherein the tendrillar carbonaceous material comprises from 0.1 to 60% by weight ferrous metal, from 40 to 99.9% by weight carbon, and up to 1.5% by weight hydrogen.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
15 words
The method of claim 1 in which the particulate solid is a Geldart C material.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
14 words
The method of claim 1 including the additional step of heating the particulate solid.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
27 words
The method of claim 1 in which the mean particle size of the tendrillar carbonaceous material is greater than the mean particle size of the cohesive material.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The method of claim 1 in which the tendrillar carbonaceous material has a composition different from the composition of the cohesive material.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
The method of claim 1 in which the tendrillar carbonaceous material has a bulk density of less than about 0.1 g/cm 3 .
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
86 words
A composition suitable for fluidization in a mixed fluidized bed comprising: (a) a cohesive material having a mean particle size of from 0.1 to 120 microns and a particle density of from 0.1 to 4 g/cm 3 ; and (b) tendrillar carbonaceous material having a bulk density of from about 0.01 to about 0.7 g/cm 3 and comprising an agglomeration of tendrils having a diameter of from about 0.01 to about 1 micron and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1000:1.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
86 words
A composition suitable for fluidization in a mixed fluidized bed comprising: (a) a cohesive material having a mean particle size of from 0.1 to 120 microns and a particle density of from 0.1 to 4 g/cm 3 ; and (b) tendrillar carbonaceous material having a bulk density of from about 0.01 to about 0.7 g/cm 3 and comprising an agglomeration of tendrils having a diameter of from about 0.01 to about 1 micron and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 1000:1.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
33 words
The composition of claim 10 in which the tendrils have a diameter of from about 0.1 to about 0.3 microns and a length to diameter ratio of from about 5:1 to about 50:1.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 10 in which the tendrillar carbonaceous material as a mean particle size of from about 5 to about 50 microns.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
68 words
The composition of claim 10 in which the tendrils comprise carbon fibers and a ferrous group metal component dispersed throughout the carbon fibers as nodules that are intimately associated with and at least partially bonded to the carbon fibers, and wherein the tendrillar carbonaceous material comprises from 0.1 to 60% by weight ferrous metal, from 40 to 99.9% by weight carbon, and up to 1.5% by weight hydrogen.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
15 words
The composition of claim 10 in which the particulate solid is a Geldart C material.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
24 words
The composition of claim 10 wherein the particle size of the tendrillar carbonaceous material is greater than the particle size of the cohesive material.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
21 words
The composition of claim 10 wherein the tendrillar carbonaceous material has a composition different from the composition of the cohesive material.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
23 words
The composition of claim 10 in which the tendrillar carbonaceous material has a bulk density of less than about 0.1 g/cm 3 .
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-05-10 | 1991-11-09 | 1992-05-10 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-05-10 | 1995-11-09 | 1996-05-10 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-11-09 | 2000-05-10 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |