Apparatus and method for low temperature thermal stripping of volatile organic compounds from soil

Claim 2

In a method of removing volatile and semi-volatile hazardous organic contaminants from natural soil containing moisture and such contaminants the steps which comprise: (a) removing the soil from the earth and placing it in a soil container; (b) sealing the soil against substantial contact with air and conveying the soil in sealed condition to a stripping conveyor with heated flights, (c) vapor stripping said hazardous organic contaminants from said soil in said conveyor at a temperature below the boiling temperatures of said contaminants by driving said moisture out of said soil by volatilization of said moisture; (d) separately by combustion of fuel firing a heater for heating said stripping conveyor and thereby generating non-oxidizing combustion gases; (e) sweeping said combustion gases countercurrently over the soil subjected to vapor stripping in said stripping conveyor; and (f) controlling the temperature and flow rate of said countercurrent sweep to maintain moisture continuously present at the surface of the soil as and after said soil enters said stripping conveyor.

Claim 3

The method defined in claim 1, further omprising intermixing portions of said soil within said stripping conveyor with a twin screw conveyor with internally heated intermeshing flights.

Claim 4

The method defined in claim 1, further comprising applying a negative pressure to a sealed soil conveyor provided to transport the soil from the soil container to the stripping conveyor, in a manner to prevent fugitive emissions of the hazardous organic constituents.

Claim 5

The method defined in claim 3, further comprising applying said negative pressure to said soil conveyor from the exhaust from said stripping conveyor.

Claim 6

The method defined in claim 1, further including the step of maintaining the countercurrently flowing sweep gases at less than atmospheric pressure in said stripping conveyor.

Claim 7

The method defined in claim 1, further including the steps of removing and purifying the countercurrent sweep gases and discharging them to the atmosphere.

Claim 8

The method defined in claim 6, wherein the purifying step comprises removing dust.

Claim 9

The method defined in claim 6, wherein the purifying step comprises wet scrubbing for removal of acid gases from said gases.

Claim 10

The method defined in claim 6, wherein the purifying step comprises burning organics contained in said gases.

Claim 11

The method defined in claim 9, followed by the step of wet scrubbing said gases.

Claim 12

The method defined in claim 6, wherein the purifying step comprises adsorbing at least some of the hazardous constituents on activated carbon.

Claim 13

The method defined in claim 6, including the further step of recovering at least one of the hazardous constituents by condensation.

Claim 14

The method defined in claim 12, followed by the further step of adsorption on activated carbon.

Claim 15

The method defined in claim 1, further including the step of returning the purified natural soil to the earth.

Claim 16

The method defined in claim 1, wherein the step of heating the moisture contained in the soil comprises burning a fuel with combustion air, and wherein countercurrent sweep gases are returned to said burning step along with said combustion.

Claim 17

Apparatus for removing volatile and semi-volatile hazardous organic contaminants from natural soil containing moisture and such contaminants, comprising: (a) a soil container for the earth; (b) sealing means for sealing the soil against substantial contact with air; (c) a stripping conveyor comprising a screw conveyor with internally heated intermeshing flights; (d) means for conveying soil in sealed condition, including a sealed soil conveyor provided to transport soil from the soil container to the stripping conveyor; (e) means for applying a negative pressure over soil in said sealed conveyor in a manner to prevent fugitive emissions of the hazardous organic constituents; (f) means for heating the moisture contained in the soil by intimate contact with heated surfaces in said stripping conveyor, thereby vapor stripping said hazardous organic contaminants from said soil in said conveyor; (g) a fuel burner connected for heating said stripping conveyor and thereby generating non-oxidizing combustion gases; (h) means for conveying said combustion gases countercurrently over the soil subjected to vapor stripping in said stripping conveyor; and (i) control means connected for controlling the temperature and flow rate of said countercurrent sweep to maintain moisture continuously present at the surface of the soil as and after said soil enters said stripping conveyor.

Claim 18

Apparatus for removing volatile and semi-volatile hazardous organic contaminants from natural soil containing moisture and such contaminants, comprising: (a) a soil container for the earth; (b) sealing means for sealing the soil against substantial contact with air; (c) a stripping conveyor comprising a screw conveyor with internally heated intermeshing flights; (d) means for conveying soil in sealed condition, including a sealed soil conveyor provided to transport soil from the soil container to the stripping conveyor; (e) means for applying a negative pressure over soil in said sealed conveyor in a manner to prevent fugitive emissions of the hazardous organic constituents; (f) means for heating the moisture contained in the soil by intimate contact with heated surfaces in said stripping conveyor, thereby vapor stripping said hazardous organic contaminants from said soil in said conveyor; (g) a fuel burner connected for heating said stripping conveyor and thereby generating non-oxidizing combustion gases; (h) means for conveying said combustion gases countercurrently over the soil subjected to vapor stripping in said stripping conveyor; and (i) control means connected for controlling the temperature and flow rate of said countercurrent sweep to maintain moisture continuously present at the surface of the soil as and after said soil enters said stripping conveyor.

Claim 19

The apparatus defined in claim 16, wherein said negative pressure is applied from the exhaust from said stripping conveyor to said soil conveyor.

Claim 20

The apparatus defined in claim 16, further including means for maintaining the countercurrently flowing sweep gases at less than atmospheric pressure in said stripping conveyor.

Claim 21

The apparatus defined in claim 16, further including means for removing and purifying the countercurrent sweep gases and discharging them to the atmosphere.

Claim 22

The apparatus defined in claim 19, wherein the removing and purifying means comprises means for removing dust.

Claim 23

The apparatus defined in claim 19, wherein the purifying means comprises a wet scrubber for removal of acid gases from said gases.

Claim 24

The apparatus defined in claim 19, wherein the purifying means comprises a burner for burning organics contained in said gases.

Claim 25

The apparatus defined in claim 22, comprising a wet scrubber downstream of said burner.

Claim 26

The apparatus defined in claim 19, wherein the purifying means comprises means for adsorbing at least some of the hazardous constituents on activated carbon.

Claim 27

The apparatus defined in claim 19, further including means for recovering at least one of the hazardous constituents by condensation.

Claim 28

The apparatus defined in claim 25, further including means for adsorption on activated carbon.

Claim 29

The apparatus defined in claim 16, further including conveyor means for returning the purified natural soil to the earth.