US4737432A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Positively chargeable toner and developer for developing electrostatic images contains di-organo tin borate charge controller
Assignee: Canon Inc
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Filing: 1986-09-15
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Granted: 1988-04-12
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Expires: 2006-09-15
Abstract
Abstract A positively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic images in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc. The toner contains a binder resin, a colorant or magnetic material, and a diorganotin borate. Because of the diorganotin borate contained, the toner has a uniform and stable triboelectric chargeability. The improved properties of the toner are enhanced when it is combined with positively chargeable fine silica powder.
Inventors
- 👤 Katsuhiko Tanaka
- 👤 Hirohide Tanikawa
- 👤 Naoto Kitamori
- 👤 Tsutomu Kukimoto
- 👤 Masaki Uchiyama
- 👤 Yasuo Mitsuhashi
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 17:05
CPC Classifications
G; G03; G03G; G03G9/00; G03G9/08; G03G9/097; G03G9/09783; G03G9/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 53
Claim 1
Independent Claim
42 words
A positively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising a colored dye, colored pigment or magnetic material, a diorganotin borate and a binder resin selected from the group consisting of styrene homopolymers, styrene derivative homopolymers, styrene copolymers, acrylic resins and polyester resin.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
42 words
A positively chargeable toner for developing electrostatic images, comprising a colored dye, colored pigment or magnetic material, a diorganotin borate and a binder resin selected from the group consisting of styrene homopolymers, styrene derivative homopolymers, styrene copolymers, acrylic resins and polyester resin.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner according to claim 1, wherein the diorganotin borate has a partial structure of ##STR16##
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
29 words
A toner according to claim 2, wherein the diorganotin borate has a partial structure of ##STR17## wherein R 1 and R 2 denote the same or different organic groups.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
38 words
A toner according to claim 3, wherein R 1 and R 2 denote an alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having 5-20 carbon atoms, an aryl having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
45 words
A toner according to claim 1, wherein the diorganotin borate comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formulas: ##STR18## wherein R 1 and R 2 denote the same or different organic groups, and X denotes a monovalent group.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
38 words
A toner according to claim 5, wherein R 1 and R 2 denote an alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having 5-20 carbon atoms, an aryl having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner according to claim 5, wherein X denotes hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, alkoxyl or aryloxyl.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
A toner according to claim 1, wherein the diorganotin borate is a compound formed through condensation between a diorganotin oxide and boric acid or an organoboric acid.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
31 words
A toner according to claim 8, wherein the diorganotin oxide is a compound represented by the formula: ##STR19## wherein R 1 and R 2 denote the same or different organic groups.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
38 words
A toner according to claim 9, wherein R 1 and R 2 denote an alkyl having 1-20 carbon atom, a cycloalkyl having 5-20 carbon atoms, an aryl having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
41 words
A toner according to claim 8, wherein the diorganotin borate is a compound formed through a reaction under heating of a mixture of a diorganotin oxide and boric acid or an organoboric acid in a mol ratio of 3:1 to 1:3.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
32 words
A toner according to claim 11, wherein the diorganotin borate is a compound formed through a reaction between 3 mol parts of a diorganotin oxide and 2-3 mol parts of boric acid.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
24 words
A toner according to claim 1, wherein 0.1-20 wt. parts of the diorganotin borate is contained per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
24 words
A toner according to claim 13, wherein 0.5-10 wt. parts of the diorganotin borate is contained per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin has an acid value of 0.01-50.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
28 words
A toner according to claim 15, wherein the binder resin comprises a mixture of a resin having an acid value and a resin having substantially no acid value.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
31 words
A positively chargeable developer for developing electrostatic images, comprising: a toner comprising a binder resin, a colorant or magnetic material, and a diorganotin borate; and a positively chargeable silica fine powder.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
31 words
A positively chargeable developer for developing electrostatic images, comprising: a toner comprising a binder resin, a colorant or magnetic material, and a diorganotin borate; and a positively chargeable silica fine powder.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
50 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the positively chargeable silica fine powder has been treated with a silicone oil having an organic group containing at least one nitrogen atom, a silane coupling agent having a nitrogen atom, or a combination of the silicone oil and the silane coupling agent.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
53 words
The developer according to claim 18, wherein the silicone oil has a partial structure of: ##STR20## wherein R 1 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or alkoxyl; R 2 denotes alkylene or phenylene; R 3 and R 4 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group or aryl; and R 5 denotes a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
52 words
The developer according to claim 18, wherein the silane coupling agent is a compound represented by the formula: RmSiYn, wherein R denotes alkoxyl or halogen, Y denotes an organic group having at least one amino group or nitrogen atom, and m and n are integers of 1-3 satisfying the relationship of m+n=4.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the positively chargeable fine silica powder is contained in a proportion of 0.01-20 wt. % based on the toner weight.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
27 words
The developer according to claim 21, wherein the positively chargeable silica fine powder is contained in a proportion of 0.03-5 wt. % based on the toner weight.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
16 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the diorganic borate has a partial structure of ##STR21##
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
29 words
The developer according to claim 23, wherein the diorganic borate has a partial structure of ##STR22## wherein R 1 and R 2 denote the same or different organic groups.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
38 words
The developer according to claim 24, wherein R 1 and R 2 denote an alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having 5-20 carbon atoms, an aryl having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
45 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the diorganic borate comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formulas: ##STR23## wherein R 1 and R 2 denote the same or different organic groups, and X denotes a monovalent group.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
38 words
The developer according to claim 26, wherein R 1 and R 2 denote an alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having 5-20 carbon atoms, an aryl having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
15 words
The developer according to claim 26, wherein X denotes hydroxyl, alkyl, aryl, alkoxyl or aryloxyl.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
27 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the diorganic borate is a compound formed through condensation between a diorganotin oxide and boric acid or an organoboric acid.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
31 words
The developer according to claim 29, wherein the diorganotin oxide is a compound represented by the formula: ##STR24## wherein R 1 and R 2 denote the same or different organic atoms.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
38 words
The developer according to claim 30, wherein R 1 and R 2 denote an alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl having 5-20 carbon atoms, an aryl having 6-20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
41 words
The developer according to claim 29, wherein the diorganotin borate is a compound formed through a reaction under heating of a mixture of a diorganotin oxide and boric acid or an organoboric acid in a mol ratio of 3:1 to 1:3.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
32 words
The developer according to claim 32, wherein the diorganotin borate is a compound formed through a reaction between 3 mol parts of a diorganotin oxide and 2-3 mol parts of boric acid.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
24 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein 0.1-20 wt. parts of the diorganotin borate is contained per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
24 words
The developer according to claim 34, wherein 0.5-10 wt. parts of the diorganotin borate is contained per 100 wt. parts of the binder resin.
Claim 38
Dependent Claim
24 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the binder resin comprises a styrene resin, a styrene copolymer, an acrylic resin or a polyester resin.
Claim 39
Dependent Claim
16 words
The developer according to claim 36, wherein the binder resin has an acid value of 0.01-50.
Claim 40
Dependent Claim
28 words
The developer according to claim 37, wherein the binder resin comprises a mixture of a resin having an acid value and a resin having substantially no acid value.
Claim 41
Dependent Claim
29 words
A toner according to claim 1, wherein the binder resin comprises a styrene copolymer selected from the group consisting of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymers, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymers and styrene-2-ethylhexylacrylate copolymers.
Claim 42
Dependent Claim
15 words
A toner according to claim 39, wherein the binder resin comprises a crosslinked styrene copolymer.
Claim 43
Dependent Claim
34 words
A toner according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic material is contained in the toner in an amount of 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
Claim 44
Dependent Claim
22 words
A toner according to claim 41, wherein the magnetic material is contained in an amount of 40 to 150 parts by weight.
Claim 45
Dependent Claim
16 words
A toner according to claim 1, which has an average particle size of 5 to 20μ.
Claim 46
Dependent Claim
31 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the binder resin is selected from the group consisting of homopolymers of styrene, homopolymers of styrene derivative, styrene copolymers, acrylic resins and polyester resins.
Claim 47
Dependent Claim
30 words
The developer according to claim 44, wherein the binder resin comprises a styrene copolymer selected from the group consisting of styrene-butyl arylate copolymers, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymers and styrene-2-ethylhexyl acrylate copolymers.
Claim 48
Dependent Claim
15 words
The developer acording to claim 45, wherein the binder resin comprises a crosslinked styrene copolymer.
Claim 49
Dependent Claim
45 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the toner has an average particle size of 5 to 20μ and the positively chargeable silica fine powder having a specific surface area as measured by the BET method with nitrogen adsorption of 30m 2 /g or more.
Claim 50
Dependent Claim
24 words
The developer according to claim 47, wherein the positively chargeable silica fine powder having a specific surface area of 50 to 400m 2 /g.
Claim 51
Dependent Claim
26 words
The developer according to claim 44, wherein the positively chargeable silica fine powder has hydrophobicity of 30 to 80 as measured by the methanol titration test.
Claim 52
Dependent Claim
34 words
The developer according to claim 17, wherein the magetic material is contained in the toner in an amount of 20 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the resin component.
Claim 53
Dependent Claim
22 words
The developer according to claim 50, wherein the magnetic material is contained in an amount of 40 to 150 parts by weight.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US4021407A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-04-12 | 1991-10-12 | 1992-04-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-04-12 | 1995-10-12 | 1996-04-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-04-12 | 1999-10-12 | 2000-04-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |