US4736548A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Vitrified composite washita stone and process for producing same
Assignee: Normark Corp
•
Filing: 1987-04-30
•
Granted: 1988-04-12
•
Expires: 2007-04-30
Abstract
Abstract A process for artificially producing a relatively high density, tinted novaculite Washita stone of relatively homogenous characteristics, and the artificial stone product thereby produced. Tinted and untinted layers of abrasive mix are combined in a lateral pressing step to provide a composite colored stone suitable for subsequent vitrification. The untinted mixture preferably is preferably made from 100 mesh novaculite powder, but alternatively a blend of approximately 100 mesh and 200 mesh novaculite powder is employed. The is mixed with a wetting agent and water, a temporary binder, a flux, and a high refractory frit, yielding the following approximate constituency by weight: approximately 64% of said 100 and 200 mesh novaculite; 5-6% of a temporary binder, approximately 3% of the wetting agent, approximately 2% flux, and approximately 23-25% frit. After screening, the first mixture is completed by blending with ball clay. The tinted mixture is formulated from a supply of the untinted mix and a color glaze which is blended in. Layers of tinted mix are alternated with layers of untinted mix, and the final mixture may be edgewise pressed in the shape of the desired end product at pressures not exceeding three to five tons per square inch. Vitrification is thereafter achieved by firing the pressed parts in an electric furnace up gentle ramps to slowly approach cone 04, and a soak time of approximately 2 hours is preferred.
Inventors
- 👤 Charles W. Atkinson
- 👤 Carl T. Moody
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-05 06:48
CPC Classifications
B; B24; B24D; B24D18/00; B24D18/0009; B24D3/00; B24D3/02; B24D3/04; B24D3/14; B24D3/18
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
188 words
A process for artificially producing a vitrified composite Washita stone product, the process comprising the steps of: A. Producing an untinted mixture of abrasive by: provinding a supply of dry abrasive novaculite powder; mixing said dry abrasive powder with a wetting agent, a temporary binder, a flux, and a high refractory frit, whereby to form an intermediate mixture having an approximate constituency, by weight, of 60%-70% of said dry abrasive, 4-7% of said temporary binder, 1-10% of the wetting agent, 1-5% flux, and 18-30% frit; and, mixing said intermediate mixture with ball clay to provide an untinted mixture, which after final screening, is suitable for cold pressing and subsequent vitrification, said untinted mixture characterized by the following approximate constituency by weight: 85-95% of said intermediate mixture, and 5-15% of said ball clay; B. Blending a predetermined quantity of said untinted mixture with a coloring agent to provide a tinted abrasive mix; C. layering alternate portions of said tinted and untinted mix together; D. Cold pressing the mixture of step C above into a desired shaped product; and, E. firing said product of step D above to vitrify same.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
188 words
A process for artificially producing a vitrified composite Washita stone product, the process comprising the steps of: A. Producing an untinted mixture of abrasive by: provinding a supply of dry abrasive novaculite powder; mixing said dry abrasive powder with a wetting agent, a temporary binder, a flux, and a high refractory frit, whereby to form an intermediate mixture having an approximate constituency, by weight, of 60%-70% of said dry abrasive, 4-7% of said temporary binder, 1-10% of the wetting agent, 1-5% flux, and 18-30% frit; and, mixing said intermediate mixture with ball clay to provide an untinted mixture, which after final screening, is suitable for cold pressing and subsequent vitrification, said untinted mixture characterized by the following approximate constituency by weight: 85-95% of said intermediate mixture, and 5-15% of said ball clay; B. Blending a predetermined quantity of said untinted mixture with a coloring agent to provide a tinted abrasive mix; C. layering alternate portions of said tinted and untinted mix together; D. Cold pressing the mixture of step C above into a desired shaped product; and, E. firing said product of step D above to vitrify same.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said source of dry abrasive powder in step A comprises 100 mesh novaculite powder.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said source of dry abrasive powder in step A comprises a mixture of 70-80% by weight 100 mesh novaculite powder and approximately 20-30% by weight 200 mesh novaculite powder.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said first intermediate mixture of step A comprises an approximate constituency, by weight, of 62-66% of said dry abrasive, 5-7% of said temporary binder, 2-4% of the wetting agent, 1-2% flux, and 24-25% frit.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
10 words
The stone product produced through the process of claim 2.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
34 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said firing step employs gentle ramps whereby cone 04 is slowly approached, and a soak time of approximately two hours at 1950 degrees F. is employed.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
16 words
The process as defined in claim 6 wherein said high refractory frit is approximately 300-400 mesh.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process as defined in claim 6 wherein the wetting agent comprises an approximately 16:1 mixture of water and liquid organic concentrate.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process as defined in claim 6 wherein said frit comprises a high borax firt with 62% silica and a fusion point of 1650 degrees F.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
26 words
The process as defined in claim 6 wherein said cold pressing step includes the step of raising forming pressures to approximately five tons per square inch.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
32 words
The process as defined in claim 1 wherein said untinted mixture of step A is characterized by weight of approximately 92% of said first intermediate mixture and 8% of said ball clay.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
181 words
A process for artificially producing a relatively high density vitrified composite Washita stone product, the process comprising the steps of: providing a supply of dry abrasive of at least 95% by weight silicon dioxide; mixing said dry abrasive with a wetting agent, a temporary binder, a flux, and a high refractory frit, whereby to form an intermediate mixture having an approximate constituency, by weight, of 60-70% of said dry abrasive, 4-7% of said temporary binder, 1-10% of the wetting agent, 1-5% flux, and 18-30% frit; mixing said intermediate mixture with ball clay to provide a final untinted mixture, which is suitable for cold pressing and subsequent vitrification, said final untinted mixture characterized by the following approximate constituency by weight: 85-95% of said intermediate mixture, and 5-15% of said ball clay; providing a supply tinted abrasive mixture my blending a quantity of said final untinted mixture with a quantity of color glaze; layering alternate portions of said tinted and untinted abrasive mixtures together; pressing the mixture of said last mentioned step; and, firing the product from said pressing step to vitrify same.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
181 words
A process for artificially producing a relatively high density vitrified composite Washita stone product, the process comprising the steps of: providing a supply of dry abrasive of at least 95% by weight silicon dioxide; mixing said dry abrasive with a wetting agent, a temporary binder, a flux, and a high refractory frit, whereby to form an intermediate mixture having an approximate constituency, by weight, of 60-70% of said dry abrasive, 4-7% of said temporary binder, 1-10% of the wetting agent, 1-5% flux, and 18-30% frit; mixing said intermediate mixture with ball clay to provide a final untinted mixture, which is suitable for cold pressing and subsequent vitrification, said final untinted mixture characterized by the following approximate constituency by weight: 85-95% of said intermediate mixture, and 5-15% of said ball clay; providing a supply tinted abrasive mixture my blending a quantity of said final untinted mixture with a quantity of color glaze; layering alternate portions of said tinted and untinted abrasive mixtures together; pressing the mixture of said last mentioned step; and, firing the product from said pressing step to vitrify same.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
11 words
The Washita stone product formed from the process of claim 12.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process as defined in claim 12 wherein said first intermediate mixture of step A comprises an approximate constituency, by weight, of 62-66% of said dry abrasive, 5-7% of said temporary binder, 2-4% of the wetting agent, 1-2% flux, and 24-25% frit.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
27 words
The process as defined in claim 14 wherein said source of abrasive comprises a mixture of weight 100 mesh novaculite powder and weight 200 mesh novaculite powder;
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
11 words
The Washita stone product formed from the process of claim 14.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
180 words
An artificial, vitrified Washita stone product formed by the process of : A. Producing an untinted mixture of abrasive by: providing a supply of dry abrasive novaculite powder; mixing said dry abrasive powder with a wetting agent, a temporary binder, a flux, and a frit, whereby to form an intermediate mixture having an approximate constituency, by weight, of 60%-70% of said dry abrasive, 4-7% of said temporary binder, 1-10% of the wetting agent, 1-5% flux, and 18-30% frit; and, mixing said intermediate mixture with ball clay to provide an untinted mixture, which after final screening, is suitable for cold pressing and subsequent vitrification, said untinted mixture characterized by the following approximate constituency by weight: 85-95% of said intermediate mixture, and 5-15% of said ball clay; B. blending a predetermined quantity of said untinted mixture with a color glaze to provide a tinted abrasive mix; C. layering alternate portions of said tinted and untinted mix; D. pressing the layered mix of step C above into a desired shaped product; and, E. firing siad product of step D above to vitrify same.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
180 words
An artificial, vitrified Washita stone product formed by the process of : A. Producing an untinted mixture of abrasive by: providing a supply of dry abrasive novaculite powder; mixing said dry abrasive powder with a wetting agent, a temporary binder, a flux, and a frit, whereby to form an intermediate mixture having an approximate constituency, by weight, of 60%-70% of said dry abrasive, 4-7% of said temporary binder, 1-10% of the wetting agent, 1-5% flux, and 18-30% frit; and, mixing said intermediate mixture with ball clay to provide an untinted mixture, which after final screening, is suitable for cold pressing and subsequent vitrification, said untinted mixture characterized by the following approximate constituency by weight: 85-95% of said intermediate mixture, and 5-15% of said ball clay; B. blending a predetermined quantity of said untinted mixture with a color glaze to provide a tinted abrasive mix; C. layering alternate portions of said tinted and untinted mix; D. pressing the layered mix of step C above into a desired shaped product; and, E. firing siad product of step D above to vitrify same.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
22 words
The process as defined in claim 17 wherein said source of dry abrasive powder in step A comprises 100 mesh novaculite powder.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
37 words
The process as defined in claim 17 wherein said source of dry abrasive powder in step A comprises a mixture of 70-80% by weight 100 mesh novaculite powder and approximately 20-30% by weight 200 mesh novaculite powder.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
42 words
The process as defined in claim 17 wherein said first intermediate mixture of step A comprises an approximate constituency, by weight, of 62-66% of said dry abrasive, 5-7% of said temporary binder, 2-4% of the wetting agent, 1-2% flux, and 24-25% frit.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
US1983082A
Cited
US2880081A
Cited
US3003860A
Cited
US3092476A
Cited
US3142138A
Cited
US4541843A
Cited
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-04-12 | 1991-10-12 | 1992-04-12 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-04-12 | 1995-10-12 | 1996-04-12 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-04-12 | 1999-10-12 | 2000-04-12 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |