US4732576A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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Motor fuel and fuel oil emulsions using a salt as emulsifier
Assignee: Huels AG
•
Filing: 1986-07-11
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Granted: 1988-03-22
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Expires: 2006-07-11
Abstract
Abstract Motor fuels or fuel oils in the form of an emulsion contain water, an emulsifier and optionally an alcohol, the emulsifier being at least 25% by weight of a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R 1 and R 4 are saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched hydrocarbon aliphatic radicals with 4 to 24 C atoms, R 4 can also be an alkylphenyl radical of 1 to 18 C atoms in the optionally branched, alkyl chain or H; R 2 , R 3 and R 5 represent a methyl group or H, n and m is a number from one to 20 plus z from 0 to 15, and X is an acid radical --COO.sup.(-) or --OCH 2 COO.sup.(-). The emulsions are especially stable and of low viscosity.
Inventors
- 👤 Werner Friedrich
- 👤 Hans Maag
- 👤 Heinz Reimer
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-28 10:38
CPC Classifications
C; C10; C10L; C10L1/00; C10L1/32; C10L1/328; C09; C09K; C09K23/00; C09K23/16; Y; Y10; Y10S; Y10S516/00; Y10S516/01; Y10S516/06; Y10S516/07
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 23
Claim 1
Independent Claim
117 words
In a water/oil emulsion comprising combustion effective amounts of water, a motor fuel useful for internal combustion engines or a fuel oil and an emulsifier, the improvement wherein the emulsifier comprises at least 25% by weight of a compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 and R 4 each independently is alkyl or alkenyl of 4 to 24 C atoms, and R 4 can also be alkylphenyl of 1 to 18 C atoms in the alkyl portion or H; R 2 , R 3 and R 5 each independently is methyl or H; n plus m is a number from 1 to 20; z is 0 to 15; and X is --COO.sup.(-) or --OCH 2 COO.sup.(-).
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
117 words
In a water/oil emulsion comprising combustion effective amounts of water, a motor fuel useful for internal combustion engines or a fuel oil and an emulsifier, the improvement wherein the emulsifier comprises at least 25% by weight of a compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R 1 and R 4 each independently is alkyl or alkenyl of 4 to 24 C atoms, and R 4 can also be alkylphenyl of 1 to 18 C atoms in the alkyl portion or H; R 2 , R 3 and R 5 each independently is methyl or H; n plus m is a number from 1 to 20; z is 0 to 15; and X is --COO.sup.(-) or --OCH 2 COO.sup.(-).
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
13 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein the oil is a motor fuel oil.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
38 words
An emulsion of claim 2, wherein the amounts of ingredients are 50-97% by weight of oil, 0.5 to 35% by weight of water: 0.3 to 6.0% by weight of emulsifier and 0-15% by weight of a lower alkanol.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
12 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein the oil is a fuel oil.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
31 words
An emulsion of claim 4, wherein the amounts of ingredients are 50-97% by weight of oil, 0.5 to 35% by weight of water and 0.3 to 6.0% by weight of emulsifier.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
18 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein the emulsifier comprises at least 50% of a compound of said formula.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
17 words
An emulsion of claim 6, wherein the emulsifier comprises substantially 100% of a compound of said formula.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
18 words
An emulsion of claim 3, wherein the emulsifier comprises substantially 100 wt% of a compound of said formula.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
18 words
An emulsion of claim 4, wherein the emulsifier comprises substantially 100 wt% of a compound of said formula.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
18 words
An emulsion of claim 5, wherein the emulsifier comprises substantially 100 wt% of a compound of said formula.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
14 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein in said formula n and m are 0.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
14 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein in said formula n and m are 1-10.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
10 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein R 4 is alkylphenyl.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
9 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein z is 0.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
9 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein z is 1-15.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
11 words
An emulsion of claim 1, wherein X is --OCH 2 COO.sup.(-).
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
18 words
An emulsion of claim 2, further comprising an amount up to 15% by weight of a lower alkanol.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
14 words
An emulsion of claim 3, wherein the amount of water is 8-15% by weight.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
14 words
An emulsion of claim 5, wherein the amount of water is 8-15% by weight.
Claim 21
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of lowering the viscosity of an emulsion of water, a motor fuel oil or a fuel oil, and an emulsifier, comprising using as at least 25% of said emulsifier, a compound of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 and R 4 each independently is alkyl or alkenyl of 4 to 24 C atoms, and R 4 can also be alkylphenyl of 1 to 18 C atoms in the alkyl portion or H; R 2 , R 3 and R 5 each independently is methyl or H; n plus m is a number from 1 to 20; z is 0 to 15; and X is --COO.sup.(-) or --OCH 2 COO.sup.(-).
Claim 22
Independent Claim
111 words
A method of lowering the viscosity of an emulsion of water, a motor fuel oil or a fuel oil, and an emulsifier, comprising using as at least 25% of said emulsifier, a compound of the formula: ##STR5## wherein R 1 and R 4 each independently is alkyl or alkenyl of 4 to 24 C atoms, and R 4 can also be alkylphenyl of 1 to 18 C atoms in the alkyl portion or H; R 2 , R 3 and R 5 each independently is methyl or H; n plus m is a number from 1 to 20; z is 0 to 15; and X is --COO.sup.(-) or --OCH 2 COO.sup.(-).
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
27 words
In a method of operating an internal combustion engine comprising feeding fuel into said engine, the improvement wherein said fuel is the water/oil emulsion of claim 1.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-03-22 | 1991-09-21 | 1992-03-22 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-03-22 | 1995-09-21 | 1996-03-22 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-03-22 | 1999-09-21 | 2000-03-22 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |