US4731309A
Expired / Lapsed
US
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High rate and high energy density cell
Assignee: Dow Chemical Co
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Filing: 1987-01-12
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Granted: 1988-03-15
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Expires: 2007-01-12
Abstract
Abstract An electric current producing primary electrochemical cell having an aqueous electrolyte, an alkaline earth metal anode, and a cathode capable of intercalating ions of the anode metal. The cell operates at an ambient temperature of about 20° C. to about 100° C. at a pH of about 1 to about 5 and exists in a dry (unactivated) state until needed. Activation is initiated by the addition of the electrolyte.
Inventors
- 👤 Ronald J. Hoffman
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-11-04 20:38
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01M; H01M6/00; H01M6/04; H01M4/00; H01M4/02; H01M4/36; H01M6/30; H01M6/32
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 16
Claim 1
Independent Claim
62 words
In an electric current producing primary electrochemical cell containing an alkaline earth metal anode active material, a cathode, and an aqueous electrolyte containing an ionizable salt, the improvement comprising using a cathode active material capable of intercalating ions of said anode active material and an aqueous electrolyte having a pH of about 1 to about 5 and essentially nonreactive with said cathode.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
62 words
In an electric current producing primary electrochemical cell containing an alkaline earth metal anode active material, a cathode, and an aqueous electrolyte containing an ionizable salt, the improvement comprising using a cathode active material capable of intercalating ions of said anode active material and an aqueous electrolyte having a pH of about 1 to about 5 and essentially nonreactive with said cathode.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
72 words
The cell of claim 1 wherein said anode active material comprises magnesium or calcium or an alloy thereof, said cathode active material comprises at least one transition metal chalcogenide selected from the group consisting of Co 3 O 4 , WS 2 , ZrS 2 , MoSi 2 , Mn 3 O 4 , and wherein said aqueous electrolyte comprises an ionizable salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
55 words
The cell of claim 2 wherein said cathode active material comprises at least one transition metal chalcogenide selected from the group consisting of Co 3 O 4 , and ZrS 2 and wherein said ionizable salt comprises at least one of a tetrahaloborate or perhalate salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
33 words
The cell of claim 3 wherein said cathode active material comprises Co 3 O 4 and said ionizable salt comprises Mg(BF 4 ) 2 , Mg(ClO 4 ) 2 , or mixtures thereof.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
22 words
The cell of claim 4 wherein said electrolyte comprises said ionizable salt at a concentration of about 1.0 to about 2.0 molar.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
30 words
The cell of claim 5 wherein said electrolyte comprises an acidic metal halide salt capable of adjusting and/or maintaining the pH of said electrolyte at about 2 to about 4.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
14 words
The cell of claim 6 wherein the acidic metal halide comprises an aluminum halide.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
13 words
The cell of claim 7 wherein said acidic metal halide comprises aluminum trichloride.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
97 words
A process for producing electric current at a high rate with high energy density at ambient temperature in a primary electrochemical cell comprising an alkaline earth metal anode active material; a cathode active material capable of intercalating ions of said anode active material, and an aqueous electrolyte comprising an ionizable salt, said process comprising: operating said cell at pH of about 1 to about 5, at a temperature of about 20° C. to 100° C., and wherein said cell exists in a dry or unactivated state until needed; activation being initiated by the addition of said electrolyte.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
97 words
A process for producing electric current at a high rate with high energy density at ambient temperature in a primary electrochemical cell comprising an alkaline earth metal anode active material; a cathode active material capable of intercalating ions of said anode active material, and an aqueous electrolyte comprising an ionizable salt, said process comprising: operating said cell at pH of about 1 to about 5, at a temperature of about 20° C. to 100° C., and wherein said cell exists in a dry or unactivated state until needed; activation being initiated by the addition of said electrolyte.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
74 words
The process of claim 9 wherein said anode active material comprises magnesium or calcium, said cathode active material comprises at least one transition metal chalcogenide selected from the group consisting of Co 3 O 4 , WS 2 , ZrS 2 , MoSi 2 , Mn 3 O 4 , and wherein said ionizable salt comprises at least one of a tetrahaloborate or perhalate salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
48 words
The process of claim 10 wherein said cathode comprises at least one cathode active material selected from the group consisting of Co 3 O 4 and ZrS 2 and wherein said ionizable electrolyte salt comprises an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal tetrafluoroborate or perchlorate, or mixtures thereof.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
33 words
The process of claim 11 wherein said ionizable salt is present in said electrolyte at a concentration of about 1.0 to about 2.0 molar and said pH is about 2 to about 4.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
19 words
The process of claim 12 wherein said electrolyte comprises an acidic metal halide to adjust and/or maintain said pH.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
13 words
The process of claim 13 wherein said acidic metal halide comprises aluminum trichloride.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
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| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1991-03-15 | 1991-09-14 | 1992-03-15 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1995-03-15 | 1995-09-14 | 1996-03-15 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1999-03-15 | 1999-09-14 | 2000-03-15 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |