US4728580A
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Amorphous metal alloy compositions for reversible hydrogen storage
Assignee: Standard Oil Co
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Filing: 1985-03-29
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Granted: 1988-03-01
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Expires: 2005-03-29
Abstract
Abstract Novel materials having the ability to reversibly store hydrogen are amorphous metal alloys of the formula A.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.c wherein A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Hg, Pd and Pt; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Ru, Cu, Cr, Mo, Si, W, Ni, Al, Sn, Co. Fe, Zn, Cd, Ga and Mn; and M' is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Ti, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta and the rare earths; and wherein a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.80; b ranges from zero to about 0.70; and c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95; characterized in that (1) a substantial portion of A is disposed on the surface of said material and/or (2) that said material functions as an active surface layer for adsorbing/desorbing hydrogen in conjunction with a bulk storage material comprising a reversible hydrogen storage material.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert K. Grasselli
- 👤 Michael A. Tenhover
- 👤 Jonathan H. Harris
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-24 03:18
CPC Classifications
C; C01; C01B; C01B3/00; C01B3/0005; C01B3/001; C01B3/0018; C01B3/0031; B; B22; B22F; B22F9/00; B22F9/002; B22F9/004; C01B3/0047; C01B3/0057; C22; C22C; C22C45/00; C22C45/10; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/30; Y02E60/32; Y10; Y10S; Y10S420/00; Y10S420/90; Y10T; Y10T428/00; Y10T428/12; Y10T428/12458; Y10T428/12493; Y10T428/12771; Y10T428/12806; Y10T428/12861; Y10T428/12875; Y10T428/12944
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 37
Claim 1
Independent Claim
155 words
A reversible hydrogen storage material comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy of the formula: A.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.c wherein A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Hg, Pd and Pt; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Ru, Cu, Cr, Mo, Si, W, Ni, Al, Sn, Co, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ga and Mn; and M' is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Ti, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta and the rare earths; and wherein a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.80; b ranges from zero to about 0.70; and c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95; said material having a compositional gradient wherein a substantial portion of the A component of said alloy is disposed on or near the surface of said material that will come in contact with hydrogen available for absorption.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
155 words
A reversible hydrogen storage material comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy of the formula: A.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.c wherein A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Hg, Pd and Pt; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Ru, Cu, Cr, Mo, Si, W, Ni, Al, Sn, Co, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ga and Mn; and M' is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Ti, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta and the rare earths; and wherein a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.80; b ranges from zero to about 0.70; and c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95; said material having a compositional gradient wherein a substantial portion of the A component of said alloy is disposed on or near the surface of said material that will come in contact with hydrogen available for absorption.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
19 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein A is Pd, Pt or a combination thereof.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
33 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ru, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al and W.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
30 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mo, Cr, W.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
20 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein M' is titanium, magnesium, tantalum or a combination thereof.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
37 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.5; b ranges from about 0.1 to about 0.5; and c ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.85.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
36 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein a ranges from about 0.001 to about 0.2; b ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.4; and c ranges from about 0.3 to about 0.8.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
27 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least fifty percent of said A component is disposed on the surface of said material.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
27 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein at least seventy-five percent of said A component is disposed on the surface of said material.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
27 words
The reversible hydrogen storage material in accordance with claim 1 wherein about one hundred percent of said A component is disposed on the surface of said material.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
193 words
A reversible hydrogen storage structure having an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said surface layer at said interface surface, the active surfacd layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy of the formula: A.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.c wherein A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Hg, Pd and Pt; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Ru, Cu, Cr, Mo, Si, W, Ni, Al, Sn, Co, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ga and Mn; and M' is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Ti, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta and the rare earths; and wherein a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80; b ranges from about zero to about 0.70; and c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95; the surface layer having a compositional gradient wherein a substantial portion of the A component of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a reversible hydrogen storage material.
Claim 13
Dependent Claim
193 words
A reversible hydrogen storage structure having an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said surface layer at said interface surface, the active surfacd layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy of the formula: A.sub.a M.sub.b M'.sub.c wherein A is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Hg, Pd and Pt; M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pb, Ru, Cu, Cr, Mo, Si, W, Ni, Al, Sn, Co, Fe, Zn, Cd, Ga and Mn; and M' is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Ti, Y, Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta and the rare earths; and wherein a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80; b ranges from about zero to about 0.70; and c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95; the surface layer having a compositional gradient wherein a substantial portion of the A component of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a reversible hydrogen storage material.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
19 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein A is Pd, Pt or a combination thereof.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
33 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ru, Fe, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo, Al and W.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
30 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein M is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cu, Ni, Fe, Mo, Cr, W.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
20 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein M' is titanium, magnesium, tantalum or a combination thereof.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
35 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein a ranges from 0.01 to about 0.75; b ranges from about 0.1 to about 0.5; and c ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.85.
Claim 19
Dependent Claim
36 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein a ranges from about 0.02 to about 0.7; b ranges from about 0.2 to about 0.4; and c ranges from about 0.3 to about 0.8.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
24 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein said bulk storage material comprises an amorphous material capable of reversible hydrogen storage.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
24 words
The reversible hydrogen storage structure in accordance with claim 11 wherein said bulk storage material comprises a crystalline material capable of reversible hydrogen storage.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula: Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the palladium is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula: Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the palladium is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 24
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula; Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the platinum is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula; Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the platinum is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula: Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the palladium is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula: Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the palladium is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 28
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula; Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1,00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the platinum is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 29
Dependent Claim
76 words
A material for reversibly storing hydrogen comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula; Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from greater than zero to about 0.8, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.7, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1,00, wherein the alloy is compositionally graded so that a substantial portion of the platinum is disposed on the surface of the alloy.
Claim 30
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen including an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the palladium of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
Claim 31
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen including an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the palladium of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
Claim 32
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen including an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the platinum of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
Claim 33
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen including an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Zr.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the platinum of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
Claim 34
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen having an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equal about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the palladium of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
Claim 35
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen having an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pd.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equal about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the palladium of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
Claim 36
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen having an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the platinum of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
Claim 37
Dependent Claim
136 words
A structure for reversibly storing hydrogen having an active hydrogen absorption surface layer said layer having an outside surface for contacting hydrogen and an interface surface, and a bulk hydrogen storage material in contact with said active surface layer at said interface surface, the active surface layer comprising a substantially amorphous metal alloy having the formula Pt.sub.a Ni.sub.b Ti.sub.c where a ranges from about 0.005 to about 0.80, b ranges from greater than zero to about 0.70, c ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.95, and a plus b plus c equals about 1.00, wherein the surface layer has a compositional gradient such that a substantial portion of the platinum of said alloy is disposed on the outside surface of said active surface layer, the bulk storage material comprising a material that can reversibly store hydrogen.
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