US4692875A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Metal alloy identifier
Assignee: UNITED STATES INTERIOR THE, Secretary of
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Filing: 1984-06-22
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Granted: 1987-09-08
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Expires: 2004-06-22
Abstract
Abstract To identify the composition of a metal alloy, sparks generated from the alloy are optically observed and spectrographically analyzed. The spectrographic data, in the form of a full-spectrum plot of intensity versus wavelength, provide the "signature" of the metal alloy. This signature can be compared with similar plots for alloys of known composition to establish the unknown composition by a positive match with a known alloy. An alternative method is to form intensity ratios for pairs of predetermined wavelengths within the observed spectrum and to then compare the values of such ratios with similar values for known alloy compositions, thereby to positively identify the unknown alloy composition.
Inventors
- 👤 William D. Riley
- 👤 Robert D. Brown, Jr.
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-31 00:54
CPC Classifications
G; G01; G01N; G01N21/00; G01N21/62; G01N21/71; G01J; G01J3/00; G01J3/28; G01J2003/283
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 25
Claim 1
Independent Claim
121 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from the surface; an optical probe exposed to said glowing hot sparks and adapted to generate a multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; signal dividing means for dividing the multiwavelength visual signal into separate parts; filter means for filtering the separate parts of said divided multiwavelength visual signal; detector means for measuring respective intensities of the single wavelength filtered signals; and data processing means coupled to the detector means for generating ratios of the measured intensities with respect to at least one other of the measured intensities.
Claim 2
Independent Claim
121 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from the surface; an optical probe exposed to said glowing hot sparks and adapted to generate a multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; signal dividing means for dividing the multiwavelength visual signal into separate parts; filter means for filtering the separate parts of said divided multiwavelength visual signal; detector means for measuring respective intensities of the single wavelength filtered signals; and data processing means coupled to the detector means for generating ratios of the measured intensities with respect to at least one other of the measured intensities.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
38 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 1, further comprising: a display means coupled to said data processing means for displaying said ratios for convenient comparison with similar ratios for alloys of known composition.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
27 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 1, further comprising: recording means cooperating with said data processing means to permanently record said ratios.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
37 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 1, wherein: said single-wavelength filters pass visual signals at 450 (nm), 550 (nm) and 650 (nm) wavelengths, respectively, within a tolerance of ±5 (nm) on each.
Claim 6
Independent Claim
127 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from a sample of said metal alloy; a cooperating optical probe to generate a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; a rapid-scanning spectrometer coupled to said optical probe to analyze said multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; a high-speed silicon detector cooperating with said rapid-scanning spectrometer to determine an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said analyzed visual signal; and a display means coupled to said silicon detector for conveniently displaying said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for convenient comparison with standardized data for known alloys.
Claim 7
Independent Claim
127 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from a sample of said metal alloy; a cooperating optical probe to generate a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; a rapid-scanning spectrometer coupled to said optical probe to analyze said multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; a high-speed silicon detector cooperating with said rapid-scanning spectrometer to determine an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said analyzed visual signal; and a display means coupled to said silicon detector for conveniently displaying said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for convenient comparison with standardized data for known alloys.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
34 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 5, further comprising: a strip chart recorder cooperating with said silicon detector to permanently record said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength.
Claim 9
Independent Claim
124 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from a sample of said metal alloy; a cooperating optical probe to generate a multiwavelength signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; a rapid-scanning spectrometer coupled to said optical probe to analyze said multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; a photomultiplier tube cooperating with said rapidscanning spectrometer to determine an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said analyzed signal; and a display means coupled to said photomultiplier tube for conveniently displaying said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for convenient comparison with standardized data for known alloys.
Claim 10
Independent Claim
124 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from a sample of said metal alloy; a cooperating optical probe to generate a multiwavelength signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; a rapid-scanning spectrometer coupled to said optical probe to analyze said multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; a photomultiplier tube cooperating with said rapidscanning spectrometer to determine an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said analyzed signal; and a display means coupled to said photomultiplier tube for conveniently displaying said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for convenient comparison with standardized data for known alloys.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
34 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 7, further comprising: a strip chart recorder cooperating with said photomultiplier tube to permanently record said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength.
Claim 12
Independent Claim
134 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from a sample of said metal alloy; a cooperating optical probe to generate a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; a spectrometer coupled to said optical probe to analyze said multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; a self-scanning diode array cooperating with said spectrometer to determine an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said analyzed signal; an analog-to-digital converter cooperating with said diode array to digitize the data output therefrom; and data processing means coupled to said analog-to-digital converter for real-time processing of said digitized data for convenient comparison with standardized data for known alloys.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
134 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: a grinding wheel adapted to be applied against a surface of a sample of the metal alloy and rotated to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from a sample of said metal alloy; a cooperating optical probe to generate a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; a spectrometer coupled to said optical probe to analyze said multiwavelength visual signal therefrom; a self-scanning diode array cooperating with said spectrometer to determine an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said analyzed signal; an analog-to-digital converter cooperating with said diode array to digitize the data output therefrom; and data processing means coupled to said analog-to-digital converter for real-time processing of said digitized data for convenient comparison with standardized data for known alloys.
Claim 14
Dependent Claim
29 words
An apparatus for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 9, further comprising: recording means cooperating with said data processing means to permanently record said processed digitized data.
Claim 15
Independent Claim
112 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy, comprising the steps of: applying a rotating grinding wheel to a sample of said metal alloy to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from said metal alloy; generating a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; dividing said multiwavelength visual signal into separate parts; filtering said separate parts of said multiwavelength visual signal for predetermined single wavelengths; measuring respective intensities of said single wavelength filtered signals; forming ratios of said respective intensities for predetermined pairs of single wavelengths; and comparing said ratios for said alloy with similar ratios for alloys of known compositions to establish a match for said metal alloy.
Claim 16
Independent Claim
112 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy, comprising the steps of: applying a rotating grinding wheel to a sample of said metal alloy to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from said metal alloy; generating a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; dividing said multiwavelength visual signal into separate parts; filtering said separate parts of said multiwavelength visual signal for predetermined single wavelengths; measuring respective intensities of said single wavelength filtered signals; forming ratios of said respective intensities for predetermined pairs of single wavelengths; and comparing said ratios for said alloy with similar ratios for alloys of known compositions to establish a match for said metal alloy.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
25 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 11, further comprising the step of: permanently recording said ratios for said metal alloy.
Claim 18
Dependent Claim
44 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 11, wherein: said filtering of said equal parts of said multiwavelength visual signal is performed at wavelengths of 450 (nm), 550 (nm) and 650 (nm) within a tolerance of ±5 (nm) on each.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
92 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy, comprising the steps of: applying a rotating grinding wheel to a sample of said metal alloy to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from said metal alloy; generating a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; spectrographically determining an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said multiwavelength visual signal; and comparing said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for said alloy with similar intensity distributions for alloys of known compositions to establish a match for said metal alloy.
Claim 20
Independent Claim
92 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy, comprising the steps of: applying a rotating grinding wheel to a sample of said metal alloy to generate solely by said application glowing hot sparks from said metal alloy; generating a multiwavelength visual signal by viewing said glowing hot sparks; spectrographically determining an intensity distribution as a function of wavelength in said multiwavelength visual signal; and comparing said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for said alloy with similar intensity distributions for alloys of known compositions to establish a match for said metal alloy.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
58 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 14, including: transforming said intensity distribution as a function of a wavelength for said metal alloy from analog to digital data form for comparison with said similar intensity distributions also in digital data form for alloys of known compositions to establish a match for said metal alloy.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
35 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 15, further comprising the step of: permanently recording said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for said metal alloy in digital data form.
Claim 23
Dependent Claim
31 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy as specified in claim 14, further comprising the step of: permanently recording said intensity distribution as a function of wavelength for said metal alloy.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
110 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: impinging a rotating grinding wheel against a surface of the solely by said impingement metal alloy to cause glowing hot sparks to be generated from said surface; generating a multi-wavelength visual signal from said glowing hot sparks; dividing the multi-wavelength visual signal into separate parts; filtering the separate parts of the multi-wavelength visual signal for predetermined signal wavelengths; measuring respective intensities of said single wavelength filter signals; forming ratios of the respective intensities for predetermined pairs of single wavelengths; and comparing the ratios for said alloy with similar ratios for alloys of known compositions to establish a match for said metal alloy.
Claim 25
Independent Claim
110 words
A method for identifying a metal alloy, comprising: impinging a rotating grinding wheel against a surface of the solely by said impingement metal alloy to cause glowing hot sparks to be generated from said surface; generating a multi-wavelength visual signal from said glowing hot sparks; dividing the multi-wavelength visual signal into separate parts; filtering the separate parts of the multi-wavelength visual signal for predetermined signal wavelengths; measuring respective intensities of said single wavelength filter signals; forming ratios of the respective intensities for predetermined pairs of single wavelengths; and comparing the ratios for said alloy with similar ratios for alloys of known compositions to establish a match for said metal alloy.
References Cited (Backward Citations)
USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-09-07 | 1991-03-09 | 1991-09-08 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-09-07 | 1995-03-09 | 1995-09-08 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-09-07 | 1999-03-09 | 1999-09-08 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |