US4686320A
Expired / Lapsed
US
⏱️ 0.0 years remaining
Electronically and ionically conducting electrodes for thermoelectric generators
Assignee: Environmental Research Institute of Michigan
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Filing: 1985-12-27
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Granted: 1987-08-11
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Expires: 2005-12-27
Abstract
Abstract A composite article comprising a porous cermet electrode on a dense solid electrolyte and method of making same. The cerment electrode comprises beta-type-alumina and refractory metal.
Inventors
- 👤 Robert F. Novak
- 👤 Neill Weber
Bibliographic Details
Application Number
—
Jurisdiction
US
Data Source
google_patents
Last Synchronized
2026-10-29 02:58
CPC Classifications
H; H01; H01G; H01G9/00; H01G9/21; H01M; H01M10/00; H01M10/36; H01M10/39; Y; Y02; Y02E; Y02E60/00; Y02E60/10
Claims Analysis
Total Claims: 27
Claim 1
Independent Claim
81 words
A composite article comprising a cermet electrode on solid electrolyte, said porous cermet electrode (i) having a thickness of at least 10 microns, (ii) comprising beta-type-alumina and refractory metal, (iii) being continuously electronically conducting, (iv) having a surface resistance of less than about 30 ohms/square, and (v) being applied to said solid electrolyte by spraying a powder comprising said beta-type-alumina through a source of heat sufficient to melt at least the beta-type-alumina and deposit it as a coating onto said electrolyte.
Claim 2
Dependent Claim
81 words
A composite article comprising a cermet electrode on solid electrolyte, said porous cermet electrode (i) having a thickness of at least 10 microns, (ii) comprising beta-type-alumina and refractory metal, (iii) being continuously electronically conducting, (iv) having a surface resistance of less than about 30 ohms/square, and (v) being applied to said solid electrolyte by spraying a powder comprising said beta-type-alumina through a source of heat sufficient to melt at least the beta-type-alumina and deposit it as a coating onto said electrolyte.
Claim 3
Dependent Claim
15 words
An article according to claim 1, wherein said beta-type-alumina is selected from beta-alumina and beta"-alumina.
Claim 4
Dependent Claim
23 words
An article according to claim 1, wherein said refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and zirconium.
Claim 5
Dependent Claim
23 words
An article according to claim 1, wherein said refractory metal comprise between about 25 and about 75 volume percent of said cermet electrode.
Claim 6
Dependent Claim
21 words
An article according to claim 1, wherein said surface resistance of said electrode is between about 0.1 and about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 7
Dependent Claim
51 words
An article according to claim 1, wherein said cermet electrode is applied to said solid electrolyte by spraying a powdered mixture comprising said beta-type-alumina and said refractory metal through a source of heat sufficient to melt at least said beta-type-alumina and deposit the mixture as a coating onto said solid electrolyte.
Claim 8
Dependent Claim
23 words
An article according to claim 6, wherein said refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and zirconium.
Claim 9
Dependent Claim
53 words
An article according to claim 1, wherein said cermet electrode is applied to said solid electrolyte by (i) spraying a powdered mixture comprising said beta-type-alumina and salts of said refractory metal through said source of heat and (ii) thereafter reducing said salt of said refractory metal in the coating to said refractory metal.
Claim 10
Dependent Claim
23 words
An article according to claim 8, wherein said refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and zirconium.
Claim 11
Dependent Claim
115 words
An article according to claim 1, wherein said cermet electrode is applied to said solid electrolyte by (i) spraying powdered beta-type-alumina through said source of heat, (ii) contacting said coating on said solid electrolyte with a solution of a salt of said refractory metal so as to impregnate pores of said coating with said solution of said salt , (iii) causing said salt of said refractory metal to be precipitated out of the impregnated solution into pores of said coating on said dense solid electrolyte, (iv) evaporating liquid from said coating on said solid electrolyte, and (v) reducing said salt of said refractory metal precipitated into said pores of said coating to said refractory metal.
Claim 12
Dependent Claim
23 words
An article according to claim 10, wherein said refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and zirconium.
Claim 13
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for making an article comprising a continuously electronically conductive cermet electrode on solid electrolyte, which method comprises: spraying a powdered mixture comprising beta-type-alumina and refractory metal through a source of heat sufficient to melt at least said beta-type-alumina and depositing said mixture as a coating on said solid electrolyte, said cermet electrode having (i) a thickness of at least 10 microns and (ii) a surface resistance of less than about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 14
Independent Claim
74 words
A method for making an article comprising a continuously electronically conductive cermet electrode on solid electrolyte, which method comprises: spraying a powdered mixture comprising beta-type-alumina and refractory metal through a source of heat sufficient to melt at least said beta-type-alumina and depositing said mixture as a coating on said solid electrolyte, said cermet electrode having (i) a thickness of at least 10 microns and (ii) a surface resistance of less than about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 15
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 12, wherein said refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and zirconium.
Claim 16
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 12, wherein said refractory metal comprises between about 25 and about 75 volume percent of said powdered mixture.
Claim 17
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 12, wherein said surface resistance of said cermet electrode is between about 0.1 and about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 18
Independent Claim
89 words
A method for making an article comprising a continuously electronically conductive cermet electrode on solid electrolyte, which method comprises: spraying a powdered mixture comprising beta-type-alumina and salt of refractory metal through a source of heat sufficient to melt at least said beta-type-alumina and deposit said mixture as a porous coating onto said electrolyte to a thickness of at least 10 microns, and reducing said salt of said refractory metal in said coating to the refractory metal, said cermet electrode having a surface resistivity of less than about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 19
Independent Claim
89 words
A method for making an article comprising a continuously electronically conductive cermet electrode on solid electrolyte, which method comprises: spraying a powdered mixture comprising beta-type-alumina and salt of refractory metal through a source of heat sufficient to melt at least said beta-type-alumina and deposit said mixture as a porous coating onto said electrolyte to a thickness of at least 10 microns, and reducing said salt of said refractory metal in said coating to the refractory metal, said cermet electrode having a surface resistivity of less than about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 20
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 16, wherein said refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and zirconium.
Claim 21
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 16, wherein said refractory metal comprises between about 25 and about 75 volume percent of said powdered mixture.
Claim 22
Dependent Claim
21 words
A method according to claim 16, wherein said surface resistance of said cermet electrode is about 0.1 and about 30 ohm/square.
Claim 23
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for making an article comprising a continuously conductive cermet electrode on dense solid electrolyte, which method comprises: spraying powdered beta-type-alumina through a source of heat sufficient to melt it and deposit it as a coating on said solid electrolyte to a thickness of at least 10 microns, contacting said coating on said solid electrolyte with a solution of a salt of said refractory metal so as to impregnate pores of said coating with said solution, causing said salt to be precipitated out of the impregnated solution into the pores of said coating on said solid electrolyte, evaporating liquid from said coating on said solid electrolyte, and reducing said salt of said refractory metal precipitated into said pores of said coating to said refractory metal, said cermet electrode having a surface resistance of less than about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 24
Independent Claim
139 words
A method for making an article comprising a continuously conductive cermet electrode on dense solid electrolyte, which method comprises: spraying powdered beta-type-alumina through a source of heat sufficient to melt it and deposit it as a coating on said solid electrolyte to a thickness of at least 10 microns, contacting said coating on said solid electrolyte with a solution of a salt of said refractory metal so as to impregnate pores of said coating with said solution, causing said salt to be precipitated out of the impregnated solution into the pores of said coating on said solid electrolyte, evaporating liquid from said coating on said solid electrolyte, and reducing said salt of said refractory metal precipitated into said pores of said coating to said refractory metal, said cermet electrode having a surface resistance of less than about 30 ohms/square.
Claim 25
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 20, wherein said refractory metal is selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, titanium, tungsten, niobium and zirconium.
Claim 26
Dependent Claim
23 words
A method according to claim 20, wherein said refractory metal comprises between about 25 and about 75 volume percent of said powdered mixture.
Claim 27
Dependent Claim
22 words
A method according to claim 20, wherein said surface resistance of said cermet electrode is between about 0.1 and about 30 ohm/square.
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USPTO Annuity & Maintenance Windows
| Annuity Stage | Window Opens | Payment Deadline | Surcharge Period Until | Estimated Fee | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5 Years (Year 4) | 1990-08-10 | 1991-02-09 | 1991-08-11 | $2000.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 7.5 Years (Year 8) | 1994-08-10 | 1995-02-09 | 1995-08-11 | $3760.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |
| 11.5 Years (Year 12) | 1998-08-10 | 1999-02-09 | 1999-08-11 | $7700.00 | Window Closed / Lapsed |